129 lines
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129 lines
14 KiB
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<document id="7C9976E0EBB9A0AF9385D6E9951120DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="35021" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.520.10134" ID-GBIF-Dataset="117bbf8b-77ab-452c-9ed9-2c0f4ff43f8e" ID-PMC="PMC4591724" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-520-109" ID-PubMed="26448715" ID-ZooBank="A3F77DC0CA0F48149F097FE1A6042447" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-520-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 520" ModsDocTitle="Male secondary sexual structures and the systematics of the Thereusoppia species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)" checkinTime="1451243986484" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robbins, Robert K., Heredia, Maria Dolores & Busby, Robert C." docDate="2015" docId="16638DA211808C5DC26CA99AA9B08C2D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 520: 109-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 520" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.520.10134" docTitle="Thereus oppia Godman & Salvin 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FF9D895BFFF3BC5E281FFF8CFFA8FFD9" masterDocTitle="Male secondary sexual structures and the systematics of the Thereusoppia species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1701378891749" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F6A1E94B979EDB5329E2A41FB270E925">
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<mods:title id="F7CCBAFB8338E70272BFC9911306B2F8">Male secondary sexual structures and the systematics of the Thereusoppia species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBCC5904092181A6359AD71CE344E9ED">Robbins, Robert K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1012788725A8CB17BD8D39A784A3538F">Heredia, Maria Dolores</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B3BAC8819D6E6C752E63D6AC060064C">Busby, Robert C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AD1C26E6EFA58820D27E3FCF009297E2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="66E802AACEDE181C79475CE8634C9A42">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5925A795C84636F5B75D776F53B8E854">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8D0EFEA273A22D865663227747B14AC4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EDAADF3D8264668B2AB4939D2C34B4FE">520</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B0447F9333FB8FEC88E6F87874BD93AA">109</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="4432EBC4B363EC1812D9D02BCABD339B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.520.10134</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B3D6D6526AE920F0F84830735E9D26F6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2FDABE99ABE7CB9D039F3CC1285C5F0C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.520.10134</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A629B1940A2A3873E01C7468EA4AE171" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-520-109</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="16638DA211808C5DC26CA99AA9B08C2D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:16638DA211808C5DC26CA99AA9B08C2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/16638DA211808C5DC26CA99AA9B08C2D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">
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<subSubSection id="80B96F3808CD20701F2F3FE02F89C0DF" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="1DB009C7B412D3E6A4B11FCD8213917D" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Lycaenidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83994486E08967ED75BA8D32DEC0BAE8" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3BE6C2CF4D34AACD0FF6D0A0923DCEF0" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="85BE97CF412DD86D46D14F18C1FADAF1" ID-CoL="56D2G" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1887" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus oppia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oppia">Thereus oppia (Godman & Salvin, 1887)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 3, 7, 11, 14, 17, 21
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BAC5EE523162A382A89A0D32DBACE822" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8C7EA0FB705D49117FE4E4B376031145" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">
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<pageBreakToken id="7AE584C1597ED64219FAB16D8A8ABA08" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2F03B18A8D55ACDF2641B83056A6F57" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">
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The male of
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<taxonomicName id="5A6020C18FC13458C1C5A7A840BB5C21" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus oppia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oppia">Thereus oppia</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="3BE361ECDCD3CDCDCB3B8A8440401F3C" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus lomalarga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lomalarga">Thereus lomalarga</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FF5ACFABF49E385BAFE2422945E921A3" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus brocki" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brocki">Thereus brocki</taxonomicName>
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by lacking a scent pad on the dorsal forewing (Fig. 3) and from
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<taxonomicName id="39F03346E8321990C92792153E452689" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus orasus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orasus">Thereus orasus</taxonomicName>
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by having a darker gray/brown ventral ground color (Fig. 3). Both sexes differ from the other members of the species complex by lacking dark scaling along the basal edge of the postmedian line on the ventral wings (Fig. 3).
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<taxonomicName id="A2257EAA00AC45D08DCFEDB2750B5E1A" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus oppia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oppia">Thereus oppia</taxonomicName>
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has small teeth on the ventral tip of the penis (Fig. 17), in contrast to
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<taxonomicName id="A0DAC1B70F0F0E835E9166DC8B6642C8" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus brocki" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brocki">Thereus brocki</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3FEF492EDEF321364EC4C8949793B20A" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus orasus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orasus">Thereus orasus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DD75266AA30C26B03020FCF024D04F8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="56CA737E7D702CD41F603F0B4CF19183" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">Nomenclature.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D78B594FE562533F1C243B24B8102CE" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">We examined a syntype of this species in the BMNH.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A7C9EBA727B90F968961D390AA181D2" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph id="C4A740FD0B565CA685F406E6611DD1B2" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D15022F61555D09BAFAA20387F66B3B" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">
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<taxonomicName id="3C6A41762DFD47585937CB3C526C975F" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus oppia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oppia">Thereus oppia</taxonomicName>
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occurs from Mexico to Costa Rica at a variety of elevations. Most localities where it occurs appear to be deciduous dry forest. It is allopatric with its sister species,
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<taxonomicName id="37ECA3CF63EA1F405D34B2D3A260E337" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus brocki" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brocki">Thereus brocki</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C7B01470A065139A7F052A4E4BCDFE7" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" type="male behavior">
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<paragraph id="3B24589679641BDE580F1861CAFEC2E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">Male behavior.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4F6C874AF6D302152A3C3E3024E3FC9" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">
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Territorial male behavior was observed at Ciudad Valles, SLP, Mexico in the early afternoon (vouchers in RCB), in contrast to the early morning territorial behavior of
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<taxonomicName id="B7733FE2242658B789266B0A225FA7F9" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus lomalarga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lomalarga">Thereus lomalarga</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05BE1710AEB2EDE4DE1FB23DC7B652E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" type="adult flower feeding">
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<paragraph id="3FDC4C1B5CB6CCE5E9D87CF330164F30" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">Adult flower feeding.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="52F68476FDE9843CA41FC61FB9B14C9E" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">
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Adults of
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<taxonomicName id="0B17584163EE0864B708ACA8CAF40559" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thereus oppia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oppia">Thereus oppia</taxonomicName>
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were found nectaring on
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<taxonomicName id="E5DB9837331C1A05774CC8756AA7C436" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Cordia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cordia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="79DC67ADFAAD0FD7127654CA665473E2" family="Boraginaceae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
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) flowers at two localities in Veracruz, Mexico (vouchers in RCB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DE998FAA07B8A84B58DD5929F27DA0E" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" type="caterpillar food plant">
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<paragraph id="915E8F9FB471651CF6E1A0E6EB5ABD59" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">Caterpillar food plant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B14C0CC58501ECB473B161407D0ED509" pageId="10" pageNumber="119">
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From
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<bibRefCitation id="4551413E33BC515139DD67DF81F14BBD" author="Janzen, DH" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="18" pageNumber="127" title="Dynamic database for an inventory of the macrocaterpillar fauna, and its food plants and parasitoids, of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica" url="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu" year="2015">Janzen and Hallwachs (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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, a pupa was found 30 April 1993 on
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<taxonomicName id="56ACD5FCDF0B3195DD3A2430CB4DCAB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Struthanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Struthanthus orbicularis" order="Santalales" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orbicularis">Struthanthus orbicularis</taxonomicName>
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(Kunth) Blume (
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<taxonomicName id="4B84D2B90ACB713E4597326780C7C22C" family="Loranthaceae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="119" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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) at Sendero Carobonal, Santa Rosa, Area de
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<normalizedToken id="86CD470B7D9149D9416EDFB3BD724D34" originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
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Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, latitude 10.77594, longitude -85.65799. An adult male (voucher 93-SRNP-30, deposited USNM) emerged 16 May 1993. As an associated comment on the web site, "red-brown pupa with white markings laterally so that it looks just like a bird turd, sitting on the top of a mistletoe leaf in middle of large plant (this species is a sprawler, vine/shrub); host tree was leafless." The leafless host tree is the reason that we consider the mistletoe plant on which the pupa was found to be the caterpillar food plant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |