1208 lines
148 KiB
XML
1208 lines
148 KiB
XML
<document id="FDF89E27FD9126F26B4D8A0CAC806E1E" ID-CLB-Dataset="8591" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="afab8d69-27e6-4312-b09f-38a84037fbce" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407518" ID-ZooBank="6FF8E3AF-89C0-4B90-91B0-9835E6E2246E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609433078916" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fateryga, Alexander V., Popovich, Anton V., Podunay, Yulia A. & Fateryga, Valentina V." docDate="2020" docId="162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4851.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4851 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptochilus (Euleptochilus) limbiferus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="298" masterDocId="EA12262CFC52FFFBA305FF88FFE2C46B" masterDocTitle="First data on the bionomics of Leptochilus (Euleptochilus) limbiferus (Morawitz 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with taxonomic notes and new records" masterLastPageNumber="304" masterPageNumber="289" pageNumber="293" updateTime="1698850692102" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8368EC71210B340FCD5BBFA4FBE15677">First data on the bionomics of Leptochilus (Euleptochilus) limbiferus (Morawitz 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with taxonomic notes and new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0EC8346D36DFF2A72C11E963C4CD1BB3">Fateryga, Alexander V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="892D6C52931D820DAB05977FE170C383">Popovich, Anton V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02EE1EF8ACE12D589EEBD5F6164FE476">Environmental Commission, Krasnodar Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society, Lenina str. 103 / 64, 350033 Krasnodar, Russia. popovitch. antonio 220386 @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8929 - 1833</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="41450DB9B4366F0DE855ECD039665584">Podunay, Yulia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2DEAA099307BEB8F98EC0FE6990FC56">Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki str. 24, Kurortnoye vill., 298188 Feodosiya, Russia. & yu. podunai @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0519 - 2908</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9F9261D54BD6CD068ADFE1E304EE3E43">Fateryga, Valentina V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DAEAA1AFA33285C7EF13FD62D061E42">Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve of RAS-Branch of Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Nauki str. 24, Kurortnoye vill., 298188 Feodosiya, Russia. & valentina _ vt @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0031 - 1955</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407946" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177137795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FCD9FEC7C707" bold="true" box="[151,293,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA233FCD9FE3CC707" bold="true" box="[310,478,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Euleptochilus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA2EAFCD9FD89C707" bold="true" box="[495,619,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">limbiferus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA17FFCD9FCA3C700" author="Morawitz, F." box="[634,833,849,875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="109 - 144" refId="ref13714" refString="Morawitz, F. (1867) Ubersicht der im Gouvernement von Saratow und um St. Petersburg vorkommenden Odynerus - Arten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 4, 109 - 144." type="journal article" year="1867">Morawitz, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FC1EFE85C7C5" box="[151,359,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Odynerus limbiferus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA26BFC1EFDA4C7C5" author="Morawitz, F." box="[366,582,918,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="109 - 144" refId="ref13714" refString="Morawitz, F. (1867) Ubersicht der im Gouvernement von Saratow und um St. Petersburg vorkommenden Odynerus - Arten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 4, 109 - 144." type="journal article" year="1867">Morawitz, 1867: 136</bibRefCitation>
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,
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(type locality: “
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” [
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]),
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(designated here):
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, “Dalmatia” [ZISP] (
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<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC56FFFFA241FC3CFE42C7A6" box="[324,416,948,973]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,777,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-307@5.[151,1436,777,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Odynerus limbiferus Morawitz, 1867, ♀, lectotype. 1, habitus in dorsal view. 2, habitus in lateral view. 3, head in frontal view. 4, labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FC5BFE08C780" box="[151,490,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus limbiferus anatolicus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC56FFFFA2F5FC5BFD57C780" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174318" box="[496,693,979,1003]" country="Turkey" location="Kawak" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Samsun">
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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(
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<typeStatus id="413951E0FC56FFFFA1DAFC5BFCEEC780" box="[735,780,979,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
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locality: “
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<location id="9B5DB999FC56FFFFA071FC5BFC5CC780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC56FFFFA071FC5BFC5CC780" box="[884,958,979,1003]" country="Turkey" name="Kawak" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Samsun">Kawak</location>
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(SW
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<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC56FFFFA0FDFC5BFBA9C780" box="[1016,1099,979,1003]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Samsun</collectingRegion>
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, Anatolia)” [
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<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA7CFFC5BFAF9C780" box="[1226,1307,979,1003]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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]); Gusenleitner 1966: 346,
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<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA261FC7AFE52C061" box="[356,432,1010,1034]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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; 2013a: 45,
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<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA128FC7AFD9BC061" box="[557,633,1010,1034]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA181FC7AFC61C061" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[644,899,1010,1034]" page="63" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA181FC7AFC61C061" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[644,899,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="27 - 183" refId="ref12568" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1970) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidi del Medio Oriente. Missione Giordani Soika in Iran 1965, III. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 20 / 21, 27 - 183." type="journal article" year="1970">Giordani Soika 1970: 63</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA08AFC7AFC39C061" box="[911,987,1010,1034]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA0E3FC7AFAA7C061" author="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J." box="[998,1349,1010,1034]" page="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA0E3FC7AFAA7C061" author="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J." box="[998,1349,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" refId="ref14259" refString="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J. (1972) Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 8. Palaearctic Eumenidae. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage, vi + 199 pp." type="book" year="1972">van der Vecht & Fischer 1972: 44</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA64AFC7AFA7BC061" box="[1359,1433,1010,1034]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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. New synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC56FFFFA392FBA7FF19C0EF" blockId="4.[151,1437,918,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BE92C86CFC56FFFFA392FBA7FF19C0EF" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA392FBA7FD27C02C" author="Bluthgen, P." box="[151,709,1071,1095]" page="232" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1967">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA392FBA7FD27C02C" ID-CoL="3TLGT" authority="limbiferus: Bluthgen 1967: 232" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,709,1071,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="limbiferus" subSpecies="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FBA7FE08C02C" box="[151,490,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus limbiferus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA2FDFBA7FD27C02C" author="Bluthgen, P." box="[504,709,1071,1095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="229 - 234" refId="ref11406" refString="Bluthgen, P. (1967) Faltenwespen aus Bulgarien (Hymenoptera, Diploptera). Bulletin de l'Institut de Zoologie et Museie, 23, 229 - 234." type="journal article" year="1967">Blüthgen 1967: 232</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA1D5FBA7FCC8C02C" box="[720,810,1071,1095]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA033FBA7FB45C02C" author="Bluthgen, P. & Konigsmann, E." box="[822,1191,1071,1095]" page="927" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1969">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA033FBA7FB45C02C" author="Bluthgen, P. & Konigsmann, E." box="[822,1191,1071,1095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="917 - 935" refId="ref11487" refString="Bluthgen, P. & Konigsmann, E. (1969) Ergebnisse der Albanien-Expedition 1961 des Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes. 79. Beitrag. Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumenidae, Masaridae. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 19 (7 - 8), 917 - 935. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 19.7 - 8.917 - 935" type="journal article" year="1969">Blüthgen & Königsmann 1969: 927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA7B4FBA7FAE6C02C" box="[1201,1284,1071,1095]" name="Albania" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA615FBB8FE70C00D" author="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J." page="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA615FBB8FE70C00D" author="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J." pageId="4" pageNumber="293" refId="ref14259" refString="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J. (1972) Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 8. Palaearctic Eumenidae. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage, vi + 199 pp." type="book" year="1972">van der Vecht & Fischer 1972: 44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Balkans;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA2F8FBC6FD0DC00D" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[509,751,1102,1126]" page="756" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA2F8FBC6FD0DC00D" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[509,751,1102,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="745 - 769" refId="ref12765" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (1993) Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und sudeuropaischer Eumeniden (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera). Teil 1: Die Gattung Leptochilus Saussure 1852. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 25 (2), 745 - 769." type="journal article" year="1993">Gusenleitner 1993: 756</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA1FEFBC6FCA7C00D" box="[763,837,1102,1126]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA04AFBC6FC40C00D" box="[847,930,1102,1126]" name="Albania" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA0A8FBC6FBE5C00D" box="[941,1031,1102,1126]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA717FBC6FB67C00D" box="[1042,1157,1102,1126]" name="Macedonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA794FBC6FB38C00D" box="[1169,1242,1102,1126]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Bosnia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA7E0FBC6FAD0C00D" box="[1253,1330,1102,1126]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA638FBC6FA7AC00D" box="[1341,1432,1102,1126]" name="Slovenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA3C2FBE4FF15C0EF" box="[199,247,1132,1156]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC56FFFFA392FB03FBCFC08A" blockId="4.[151,1437,918,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BE92C86CFC56FFFFA392FB03FBCFC08A" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA392FB03FBC8C0C8" author="Bluthgen, P. & Gusenleitner, J." box="[151,1066,1163,1187]" page="292" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1970">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA392FB03FBC8C0C8" ID-CoL="7JYDK" authority="Gusenleitner in Bluthgen & Gusenleitner, 1970: 291 - 292" authorityName="Gusenleitner in Bluthgen & Gusenleitner" authorityPageNumber="291 - 292" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,1066,1163,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="limbiferus" subSpecies="achaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FB03FE34C0C8" box="[151,470,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus limbiferus achaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Gusenleitner
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA163FB04FD98C0C8" box="[614,634,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA184FB03FBC8C0C8" author="Bluthgen, P. & Gusenleitner, J." box="[641,1066,1163,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="277 - 298" refId="ref11436" refString="Bluthgen, P. & Gusenleitner, J. (1970) Faltenwespen aus Griechenland (Hym., Diploptera). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 46 (2), 277 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19700460206" type="journal article" year="1970">Blüthgen & Gusenleitner, 1970: 291–292</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC56FFFFA730FB04FBAAC0C8" box="[1077,1096,1164,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC56FFFFA74AFB04FB80C0C8" box="[1103,1122,1164,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="413951E0FC56FFFFA775FB03FB7FC0C8" box="[1136,1181,1163,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: “Korinth, Peloponnes” [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA222FB22FE95C0A9" box="[295,375,1194,1218]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
]);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA295FB22FD0EC0A9" author="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J." box="[400,748,1194,1218]" page="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1972">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA295FB22FD0EC0A9" author="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J." box="[400,748,1194,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" refId="ref14259" refString="van der Vecht, J. & Fischer, F. C. J. (1972) Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 8. Palaearctic Eumenidae. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage, vi + 199 pp." type="book" year="1972">van der Vecht & Fischer 1972: 44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA1F2FB22FCA0C0A9" box="[759,834,1194,1218]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA049FB22FBDFC0A9" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[844,1085,1194,1218]" page="756" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA049FB22FBDFC0A9" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[844,1085,1194,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="745 - 769" refId="ref12765" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (1993) Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und sudeuropaischer Eumeniden (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera). Teil 1: Die Gattung Leptochilus Saussure 1852. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 25 (2), 745 - 769." type="journal article" year="1993">Gusenleitner 1993: 756</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA74CFB22FB76C0A9" box="[1097,1172,1194,1218]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Fateryga 2017: 9,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA65CFB22FA7FC0A9" box="[1369,1437,1194,1218]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC56FFFFA3CBFB40FEDBC08B" box="[206,313,1224,1248]" country="Russia" name="Krasnodar" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Krasnodar</collectingRegion>
|
||
Terr.);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA281FB41FD9AC08A" author="Fateryga, A. V. & Mokrousov, M. V. & Danilov, Yu. N." box="[388,632,1224,1249]" page="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA281FB41FD9AC08A" author="Fateryga, A. V. & Mokrousov, M. V. & Danilov, Yu. N." box="[388,632,1224,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="31 - 37" refId="ref12245" refString="Fateryga, A. V., Mokrousov, M. V. & Danilov, Yu. N. (2017) New and noteworthy records of solitary vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae, Eumeninae) in Russia. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 88 (2), 31 - 37." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Fateryga
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA2E6FB41FDF4C08B" box="[483,534,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 34
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA187FB40FD24C08B" box="[642,710,1224,1248]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC56FFFFA1D7FB40FCDFC08B" box="[722,829,1224,1248]" country="Russia" name="Krasnodar" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Krasnodar</collectingRegion>
|
||
Terr.). New synonymy.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC56FFFFA392FB6FFF13C175" blockId="4.[151,1437,918,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BE92C86CFC56FFFFA392FB6FFF13C175" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC56FFFFA392FB6FFD31C094" author="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V." box="[151,723,1255,1280]" page="185" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" year="2017">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA392FB6FFD31C094" ID-CoL="3TLGT" authority=": Antropov & Fateryga 2017: 185" authorityName=": Antropov & Fateryga" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,723,1255,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FB6FFE99C094" box="[151,379,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA28DFB6FFD31C094" author="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V." box="[392,723,1255,1280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref10845" refString="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V. (2017) Family Vespidae. In: Lelej, A. S., Proshchalykin, M. Yu. & Loktionov, V. M. (Eds.), Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, Supplement 6, pp. 175 - 196." type="journal article" year="2017">Antropov & Fateryga 2017: 185</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA1DAFB6FFCC1C094" box="[735,803,1255,1279]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(North Caucasus), Europe (Southern, Eastern),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA60EFB6FFA84C094" box="[1291,1382,1255,1279]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA674FB60FF0FC175" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D698BCC9FC56FFFFA392FAC4FBF6C3A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC56FFFFA392FAC4FD58C254" blockId="4.[151,1437,1356,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FAC4FEE9C10D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1356,1382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA211FAC4FE14C10D" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[276,502,1356,1382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="745 - 769" refId="ref12765" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (1993) Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und sudeuropaischer Eumeniden (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera). Teil 1: Die Gattung Leptochilus Saussure 1852. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 25 (2), 745 - 769." type="journal article" year="1993">Gusenleitner (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized three subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA066FAC4FB82C10D" authorityName=": Antropov & Fateryga" authorityYear="2017" box="[867,1120,1356,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA066FAC4FB82C10D" box="[867,1120,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on coloration. In our opinion, such a division is unnecessary. For example, subspecies rank was not used in relatively better studied social wasps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA3ECFA1CFE79C1C5" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[233,411,1428,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11652" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (1996) Distribution checklist of species of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae: Polistini). American Museum Novitates, 3188, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1996">Carpenter 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA2A3FA1CFD2FC1C5" author="Carpenter, J. M. & Kojima, J." box="[422,717,1428,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="51 - 92" refId="ref11807" refString="Carpenter, J. M. & Kojima, J. (1997) Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, 1997 (1), 51 - 92." type="journal article" year="1997">Carpenter & Kojima 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA07FFA1DFBEBC1C5" authorityName=": Antropov & Fateryga" authorityYear="2017" box="[890,1033,1428,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA07FFA1DFBEBC1C5" box="[890,1033,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the division on subspecies does not work as well. Turkish specimens must have reddish tegula but we examined a female (see below) with whitish one. The coloration of the Azerbaijani specimens (see below) is similar to rather some Balkanian ones than the Turkish one. At the same time, specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA150F988FD42C271" box="[597,672,1536,1562]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA04CF989FBDEC271" authorityName="Gusenleitner in Bluthgen & Gusenleitner" authorityYear="1970" box="[841,1084,1536,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="limbiferus" subSpecies="achaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA04CF989FBDEC271" box="[841,1084,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. limbiferus achaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA7F1F988FAA5C271" box="[1268,1351,1536,1562]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Therefore, we treat all subspecies names as synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC56FFFFA3C2F9C0FBF6C3A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1356,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
The record of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA27DF9C0FD0EC209" authority="F. Mor." authorityName="F. Mor." box="[376,748,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Microdynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA27DF9C0FD6CC209" box="[376,654,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Microdynerus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
F. Mor.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA03EF9C0FC7FC209" box="[827,925,1608,1634]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC56FFFFA0BDF9C0FBEDC209" box="[952,1039,1608,1634]" country="Armenia" name="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Eriwan</collectingRegion>
|
||
” [=
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC56FFFFA747F9CFFB41C209" box="[1090,1187,1607,1634]" country="Armenia" name="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Yerevan</collectingRegion>
|
||
]) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA7DBF9C0FF29C2ED" author="Morawitz, F." pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="407 - 493" refId="ref13748" refString="Morawitz, F. (1895) Materialien zu einer Vespidenfauna des Russischen Reiches. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 29, 407 - 493." type="journal article" year="1895">Morawitz (1895: 483)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
repeated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA25CF9E4FD7EC2ED" author="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V." box="[345,668,1644,1671]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref10845" refString="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V. (2017) Family Vespidae. In: Lelej, A. S., Proshchalykin, M. Yu. & Loktionov, V. M. (Eds.), Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, Supplement 6, pp. 175 - 196." type="journal article" year="2017">Antropov & Fateryga (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was based on a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA730F9E4FAD6C2ED" baseAuthorityName="Klug in Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1077,1332,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA730F9E4FAD6C2ED" box="[1077,1332,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus duplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is a female specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA28FF919FDFEC2C1" baseAuthorityName="Klug in Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[394,540,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA28FF919FDFEC2C1" box="[394,540,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. duplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the labels “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC56FFFFA1D1F918FCCDC2C1" box="[724,815,1680,1706]" country="Armenia" name="Yerevan" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Eriwan</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”, “к. Ф Моравица” [coll. F Morawitz], and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA62EF918FF0BC2A4" authority="F. Mor." authorityName="F. Mor." class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Microdynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA62EF918FA7FC2C1" box="[1323,1437,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
F. Mor.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC56FFFFA3EAF93CFEE1C2A5" box="[239,259,1716,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.” stored in ZISP. It was impossible to find any material on true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA0C8F93DFBBFC2A5" box="[973,1117,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Microdynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA0C8F93DFBBFC2A5" box="[973,1117,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA79AF93CFAE3C2A5" box="[1183,1281,1716,1742]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and thus, this species must be excluded from the Armenian fauna. At the same time,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA0C0F951FBB8C299" baseAuthorityName="Klug in Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[965,1114,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA0C0F951FBB8C299" box="[965,1114,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. duplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is new for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA7DBF950FAA2C299" box="[1246,1344,1752,1778]" name="Armenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Caucasus as a whole. It is important that F. Morawitz did not distinguish his species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA795F975FAC1C37D" baseAuthorityName="Klug in Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1168,1315,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA795F975FAC1C37D" box="[1168,1315,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. duplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are also two specimens (
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC56FFFFA283F8A8FE7BC351" box="[390,409,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC56FFFFA2D4F8A9FE04C350" box="[465,486,1825,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA112F8A9FD48C351" baseAuthorityName="Klug in Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[535,682,1824,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA112F8A9FD48C351" box="[535,682,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. duplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nice (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC56FFFFA031F8A8FC66C351" box="[820,900,1824,1850]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in ZISP, which were also labeled by him as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA683F8A9FEEBC335" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Microdynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA683F8A9FEEBC335" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="413951E0FC56FFFFA2B8F8CCFDC6C335" box="[445,548,1860,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA14CF8CDFD3BC335" box="[585,729,1860,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Microdynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA14CF8CDFD3BC335" box="[585,729,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
designated in the present contribution provides taxonomic stability as it is congruent with the current understanding of F. Morawitz’s species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA70BF8E0FAEAC3E9" authorityName=": Antropov & Fateryga" authorityYear="2017" box="[1038,1288,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA70BF8E0FAEAC3E9" box="[1038,1288,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA277F805FDE4C3CD" baseAuthorityName="Klug in Waltl" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[370,518,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA277F805FDE4C3CD" box="[370,518,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">L. duplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by light spot on dorsal mesepisternum, light bands on scutellum and metanotum, shorter distance between lateral ocellus and occiput, and flat sternum 7 of male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D698BCC9FC56FFFEA3C2F85CFB0EC69A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC56FFFEA3C2F85CFB0EC69A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1356,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,150,753]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA3C2F85CFD86C385" bold="true" box="[199,612,2004,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Material examined. Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC56FFFEA16EF85DFA7BC4BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174322" collectionCode="ZISP, V" collectorName="F Morawitz" determinerName="F. Morawitz" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="413951E0FC56FFFFA16EF85DFD39C384" box="[619,731,2005,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated here):
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC56FFFFA0B4F85CFBF9C385" box="[945,1051,2004,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Dalmatia</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC56FFFFA723F85CFBADC384" box="[1062,1103,2004,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC56FFFFA788F85CFB29C385" box="[1165,1227,2004,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Erber</collectorName>
|
||
(full labels are the following: “
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA21BFF1FFE34C4DA" box="[286,470,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dalmatia Erber.</collectorName>
|
||
”, “к. Ф Моравица” [coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA005FF1FFC6AC4DA" box="[768,904,150,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">F Morawitz</collectorName>
|
||
], “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC57FFFEA0A2FF1FFBF4C4DA" authorityName=": Antropov & Fateryga" authorityYear="2017" box="[935,1046,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA0A2FF1FFBF4C4DA" box="[935,1046,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA720FF1FFBB8C4DA" box="[1061,1114,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Mor.</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA767FF1FFB94C4DA" box="[1122,1142,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.”, “typ
|
||
<determinerName id="6BE10386FC57FFFEA7D4FF1FFABBC4DA" box="[1233,1369,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">F. Morawitz</determinerName>
|
||
det.”, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="413951E0FC57FFFEA3A5FF33FEFFC4BE" box="[160,285,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA227FF33FE4CC4BE" box="[290,430,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">N. Kurzenko</collectorName>
|
||
des. 2000” [yellow label]) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA1D2FF32FCF7C4BE" box="[727,789,186,213]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC57FFFEA02DFF33FC6BC4BE" box="[808,905,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,777,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-307@5.[151,1436,777,1912]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Odynerus limbiferus Morawitz, 1867, ♀, lectotype. 1, habitus in dorsal view. 2, habitus in lateral view. 3, head in frontal view. 4, labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
); N.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA0B3FF33FC29C4BE" box="[950,971,187,213]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Kurzenko did not publish this designation
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA392FF57FAF7C576" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174331" collectionCode="ZISP" collectorName="F Morawitz" determinerName="F. Morawitz" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="413951E0FC57FFFEA392FF57FED2C492" box="[151,304,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA23EFF57FE40C492" box="[315,418,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dalmatia</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA2ABFF57FE3AC492" box="[430,472,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(full labels are the following: “
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA036FF57FC44C492" box="[819,934,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dalmatia.</collectorName>
|
||
”, “к. Ф Моравица” [coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA7CEFF57FAB0C492" box="[1227,1362,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">F Morawitz</collectorName>
|
||
], “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC57FFFEA675FF57FEDBC576" authority="F. Mor." authorityName="F. Mor." class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA675FF57FF01C576" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
F. Mor.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA23AFE8BFEB5C576" box="[319,343,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
.”, “typ
|
||
<determinerName id="6BE10386FC57FFFEA2ACFE8BFDCDC576" box="[425,559,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">F. Morawitz</determinerName>
|
||
det.”, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="413951E0FC57FFFEA185FE8BFCC6C576" box="[640,804,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA02FFE8BFC55C576" box="[810,951,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">N. Kurzenko</collectorName>
|
||
des. 2000” [pink label]) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA7CBFE8AFAECC576" box="[1230,1294,258,285]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA61AFE8AFEE3C52B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA202FEAEFB54C52A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174302" box="[263,1206,294,323]" collectionCode="VI" country="Russia" latitude="44.805" location="Anapa" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="37.366108" municipality="Terr." pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA202FEAEFEBCC52B" bold="true" box="[263,350,294,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA202FEAEFEBBC52B" box="[263,345,294,320]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA261FEAFFDF6C52B" box="[356,532,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA261FEAFFE39C52A" box="[356,475,295,321]" country="Russia" name="Krasnodar" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Krasnodar</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E597538FC57FFFEA2E4FEAFFDF6C52B" box="[481,532,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Terr.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA11AFEAFFD8BC52A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA11AFEAFFD8BC52A" box="[543,617,295,321]" country="Russia" latitude="44.805" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="37.366108" municipality="Terr." name="Anapa" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Krasnodar">Anapa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="8F8FF660FC57FFFEA176FEAFFCA6C52A" box="[627,836,295,321]" location="Varvarovka" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<quantity id="597A42A7FC57FFFEA176FEAFFD48C52A" box="[627,682,295,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
S Varvarovka
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA057FEA0FC3AC528" box="[850,984,296,323]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="15" seconds="18" value="44.805">44°48′18″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA0E6FEA0FB87C528" box="[995,1125,296,323]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="15" seconds="58" value="37.366108">37°21′58″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA77DFEAFFB54C52A" box="[1144,1206,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2014-06-19">
|
||
19.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA793FEAFFB54C52A" box="[1174,1206,295,321]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA7B3FEAFFA7BC52A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174317" box="[1206,1433,295,321]" collectionCode="V" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2014,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA607FEAFFACEC52A" box="[1282,1324,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg. M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA681FEAFFA7BC52A" box="[1412,1433,295,321]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA392FEC3FCA1C50E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174325" box="[151,835,331,359]" collectionCode="VI" country="Russia" county="Mokrousov" latitude="44.85111" location="Supsekh" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="37.344997" municipality="Anapa" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="775C97CEFC57FFFEA392FEC3FEFBC50E" box="[151,281,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Mokrousov</collectingCounty>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E597538FC57FFFEA221FEC3FE8CC50E" box="[292,366,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Anapa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA27EFEC3FE3AC50E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA27EFEC3FE3AC50E" box="[379,472,331,357]" country="Russia" county="Mokrousov" latitude="44.85111" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="37.344997" municipality="Anapa" name="Supsekh" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Krasnodar">Supsekh</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA2EDFEC4FD8CC50C" box="[488,622,332,359]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="15" seconds="04" value="44.85111">44°51′04″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA17EFEC4FD1CC50C" box="[635,766,332,359]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="15" seconds="42" value="37.344997">37°20′42″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA016FEC3FCA1C50E" box="[787,835,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2017-06-08">
|
||
8.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA026FEC3FCA1C50E" box="[803,835,331,357]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA046FEC3FBA6C50E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174303" box="[835,1092,331,357]" collectionCode="VI" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2017,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA094FEC3FC5EC50E" box="[913,956,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA0CEFEC3FC15C50E" box="[971,1015,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA700FEC3FBA6C50E" box="[1029,1092,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2019-06-16">
|
||
16.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA721FEC3FBA6C50E" box="[1060,1092,331,357]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA741FEC3FACAC50E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174312" box="[1092,1320,331,357]" collectionCode="V" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2019,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA794FEC3FB5FC50E" box="[1169,1213,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg. A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA616FEC3FACAC50E" box="[1299,1320,331,357]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA630FEC3FDD6C5E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174329" collectionCode="VI" country="Russia" location="Fateryga" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA630FEC3FA7AC50E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA630FEC3FA7AC50E" box="[1333,1432,331,357]" country="Russia" name="Fateryga" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Krasnodar">Fateryga</location>
|
||
; ibid.,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="2D9EACBFFC57FFFEA3D3FEE7FE14C5E2" box="[214,502,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC57FFFEA3FCFEE7FE14C5E2" authorityName="Villar" authorityYear="1779" box="[249,502,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="herbaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA3FCFEE7FE14C5E2" box="[249,502,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dorycnium herbaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA101FEE7FDD6C5E2" box="[516,564,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2017-06-08">
|
||
8.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA111FEE7FDD6C5E2" box="[532,564,367,393]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA131FEE7FCF6C5E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174316" box="[564,788,367,393]" collectionCode="V" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2017,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA184FEE7FD4EC5E2" box="[641,684,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg. A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA1FAFEE7FCF6C5E2" box="[767,788,367,393]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA01AFEE7FB62C5E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174324" box="[799,1152,366,393]" collectionCode="V" country="Russia" location="Fateryga" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA01AFEE7FC60C5E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA01AFEE7FC60C5E2" box="[799,898,367,393]" country="Russia" name="Fateryga" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Krasnodar">Fateryga</location>
|
||
; ibid., from nests,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA74BFEE6FB62C5E2" box="[1102,1152,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2019-05-15">
|
||
15.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA76EFEE6FB62C5E2" box="[1131,1152,366,393]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA785FEE6FAA3C5E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174311" box="[1152,1345,366,393]" collectionCode="VI" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2019,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA7C9FEE7FB15C5E2" box="[1228,1271,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA606FEE6FAA3C5E2" box="[1283,1345,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2019-06-15">
|
||
15.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA624FEE6FAA3C5E2" box="[1313,1345,366,393]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA644FEE6FEBCC5C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174332" collectionCode="VI" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2019,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA68BFEE7FF4EC5C6" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA3BEFE1BFF05C5C6" box="[187,231,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA3F0FE1BFEBCC5C6" box="[245,350,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2019-06-18" valueMax="2019-06-24" valueMin="2019-06-18">
|
||
18–24.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA23AFE1BFEBCC5C6" box="[319,350,403,429]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA25BFE1BFDA3C5C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174328" box="[350,577,403,429]" collectionCode="V" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
.2019,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA2AFFE1BFE37C5C6" box="[426,469,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg. A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA129FE1BFDA3C5C6" box="[556,577,403,429]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA148FE1BFB7AC5C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174313" box="[589,1176,402,431]" collectionCode="CFUS" country="Russia" county="Fateryga" latitude="44.783333" location="Sukko" longLatPrecision="1135" longitude="37.366665" municipality="Anapa" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="775C97CEFC57FFFEA148FE1BFD4FC5C6" box="[589,685,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Fateryga</collectingCounty>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA1B9FE1AFCEBC5C6" box="[700,777,402,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">CFUS</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E597538FC57FFFEA01EFE1BFC87C5C6" box="[795,869,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Anapa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA077FE1BFC5AC5C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA077FE1BFC5AC5C6" box="[882,952,403,429]" country="Russia" county="Fateryga" latitude="44.783333" longLatPrecision="1135" longitude="37.366665" municipality="Anapa" name="Sukko" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Krasnodar">Sukko</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA0CDFE1CFBC5C5C4" box="[968,1063,404,431]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="925" value="44.783333">44°47′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA731FE1CFB72C5C4" box="[1076,1168,404,431]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="925" value="37.366665">37°22′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA7A0FE1BFC81C5B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174334" collectingDate="2018-07-20" collectorName="I. B. Popov & Trud Khutor" country="Russia" latitude="46.133335" location="Kanevskoy Distr." longLatPrecision="1125" longitude="38.516666" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA7A0FE1BFACFC5C6" box="[1189,1325,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2018-07-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FA78306AFC57FFFEA7A0FE1BFACFC5C6" box="[1189,1325,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2018-07-20">20.VII.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA63FFE1BFA84C5C6" box="[1338,1382,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA392FE3FFEF6C5BA" box="[151,276,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">I.B. Popov</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA227FE3FFE04C5BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA227FE3FFE04C5BA" box="[290,486,439,465]" country="Russia" latitude="46.133335" longLatPrecision="1125" longitude="38.516666" name="Kanevskoy Distr." pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Krasnodar">Kanevskoy Distr.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA2F1FE3FFD62C5BA" box="[500,640,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Trud Khutor</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA197FE30FD13C5B8" box="[658,753,440,467]" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="925" value="46.133335">46°08′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA1FAFE30FCB9C5B8" box="[767,859,440,467]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="925" value="38.516666">38°31′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA074FE3FFAADC5BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174319" box="[881,1359,438,465]" collectingDate="2018-07-13" collectionCode="CIPK" collectorName="I. B. Popov" country="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Krasnodar">
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA074FE3FFC18C5BA" box="[881,1018,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2018-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FA78306AFC57FFFEA074FE3FFC18C5BA" box="[881,1018,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2018-07-13">13.VII.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA70DFE3FFBD4C5BA" box="[1032,1078,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA772FE3FFB12C5BA" box="[1143,1264,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">I.B. Popov</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA604FE3EFAAAC5BA" box="[1281,1352,438,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">CIPK</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA659FE3FFD25C59E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174326" collectionCode="VI" country="Italy" county="Venezia Giulia" location="Aurisina" municipality="Trieste" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA659FE3FFA7EC5BA" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA659FE3FFA75C5BA" box="[1372,1431,439,465]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA392FE53FE9DC59E" box="[151,383,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA392FE53FF35C59E" box="[151,215,475,501]" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Friuli</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="775C97CEFC57FFFEA3DBFE53FE9DC59E" box="[222,383,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Venezia Giulia</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E597538FC57FFFEA288FE53FE39C59E" box="[397,475,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Trieste</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA2E0FE53FDA4C59E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA2E0FE53FDA4C59E" box="[485,582,475,501]" country="Italy" county="Venezia Giulia" municipality="Trieste" name="Aurisina" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Aurisina</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA154FE53FD25C59E" box="[593,711,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1970-05-28" valueMax="1970-06-08" valueMin="1970-05-28">
|
||
28.V–8.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA1A2FE53FD25C59E" box="[679,711,475,501]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA1C2FE53FBB3C59E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174306" box="[711,1105,474,501]" collectionCode="FSCV" collectorName="E. Bregant" country="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Friuli">
|
||
.1970,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA017FE53FCDFC59E" box="[786,829,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA07CFE53FC0DC59E" box="[889,1007,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">E. Bregant</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA0F8FE52FBA8C59E" box="[1021,1098,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FSCV</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA75EFE52FE9BC672" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174330" collectionCode="ZISP" collectorName="Erber" country="Croatia" location="Dalmatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Friuli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA75EFE52FB5CC59F" bold="true" box="[1115,1214,474,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA75EFE52FB5BC59F" box="[1115,1209,474,500]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA7C0FE53FACEC59E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA7C0FE53FACEC59E" box="[1221,1324,475,501]" country="Croatia" name="Dalmatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Friuli">Dalmatia</location>
|
||
, [18]66,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA68BFE53FF4EC672" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA3EDFE77FEC7C672" box="[232,293,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Erber</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA237FE76FE90C672" box="[306,370,510,537]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA286FE77FCE9C672" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174333" box="[387,779,511,537]" collectionCode="VI" country="Croatia" location="Hvar" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Splitsko-Dalmatinska">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA286FE77FD99C672" box="[387,635,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA286FE77FD99C672" box="[387,635,511,537]" country="Croatia" name="Splitsko-Dalmatinska" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Split-Dalmatia County</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA18CFE77FD23C672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA18CFE77FD23C672" box="[649,705,511,537]" country="Croatia" name="Hvar" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Splitsko-Dalmatinska">Hvar</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA1C9FE77FCE9C672" box="[716,779,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1962-06-12">
|
||
12.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA1EEFE77FCE9C672" box="[747,779,511,537]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA009FE77FB5DC672" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174310" box="[780,1215,510,537]" collectionCode="FSCV" collectorName="J. Gusenleitner" country="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Split-Dalmatia County">
|
||
.1962,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA053FE77FC9DC672" box="[854,895,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA0BEFE77FBBDC672" box="[955,1119,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">J. Gusenleitner</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA76EFE76FB5AC672" box="[1131,1208,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FSCV</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA7CCFE77FD85C656" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174305" collectionCode="VI" collectorName="Dubrovnik" country="Croatia" location="Ragusa" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dubrovacko-Neretvanska">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA7CCFE77FF04C656" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA7CCFE77FF04C656" country="Croatia" name="Dubrovacko-Neretvanska" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dubrovnik-Neretva County</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA3F1FDABFEA7C656" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA3F1FDABFEA7C656" box="[244,325,547,573]" country="Croatia" name="Ragusa" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Dubrovacko-Neretvanska">Ragusa</location>
|
||
[currently
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA2B9FDAAFDDAC656" box="[444,568,546,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dubrovnik</collectorName>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA14DFDABFD85C656" box="[584,615,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1926-06">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA14DFDABFD85C656" box="[584,615,547,573]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA16DFDABFC4DC656" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174323" box="[616,943,546,573]" collectionCode="ZISP" collectorName="Meyer" country="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Dubrovnik-Neretva County">
|
||
.1926,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA1B5FDABFD38C656" box="[688,730,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA016FDABFCB9C656" box="[787,859,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Meyer</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA06DFDAAFC4AC656" box="[872,936,546,573]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA0BDFDABFECAC60A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174320" collectionCode="ZISP" collectorName="Erber" country="Serbia" location="Montenegro" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Dubrovnik-Neretva County">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA0BDFDABFBB3C656" bold="true" box="[952,1105,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA0BDFDABFBA9C656" box="[952,1099,547,573]" name="Serbia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA753FDABFB3DC656" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA753FDABFB3DC656" box="[1110,1247,547,573]" country="Serbia" name="Montenegro" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Dubrovnik-Neretva County">Montenegro</location>
|
||
, [18]67,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA63AFDABFA85C656" box="[1343,1383,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA392FDCFFF36C60A" box="[151,212,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Erber</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA3E4FDCEFEC3C60A" box="[225,289,582,609]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA237FDCEFCF3C60A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174301" box="[306,785,582,609]" collectionCode="V" country="Romania" location="Agigea" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Constanta">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA237FDCEFE44C60B" bold="true" box="[306,422,582,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA237FDCEFE43C60B" box="[306,417,582,608]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA2A9FDCFFD90C60A" box="[428,626,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA2A9FDCFFD90C60A" box="[428,626,583,609]" country="Romania" name="Constanta" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Constanţa County</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA17AFDCFFD33C60A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA17AFDCFFD33C60A" box="[639,721,583,609]" country="Romania" name="Agigea" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Constanta">Agigea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA1DEFDCFFCF3C60A" box="[731,785,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1968-05-26">
|
||
26.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA1F9FDCFFCF3C60A" box="[764,785,583,609]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA014FDCFFF10C6EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174309" collectingDate="1968-07-06" collectingDateMax="1968-07-14" collectingDateMin="1968-07-06" collectionCode="FSCV" collectorName="C. Nagy" country="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Constanta County">
|
||
.1968,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA05DFDCFFC60C60A" box="[856,898,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA08BFDCFFBEBC60A" box="[910,1033,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1968-07-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FA78306AFC57FFFEA08BFDCFFBEBC60A" box="[910,1033,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1968-07-06">6.VII.1968</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA711FDCFFBDCC60A" box="[1044,1086,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA74CFDCFFB30C60A" box="[1097,1234,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1968-07-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FA78306AFC57FFFEA74CFDCFFB30C60A" box="[1097,1234,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1968-07-14">14.VII.1968</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA7D9FDCFFAE4C60A" box="[1244,1286,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA644FDCFFA7EC60A" box="[1345,1436,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">C. Nagy</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA39BFDE2FF09C6EE" box="[158,235,618,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FSCV</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA3F8FDE2FB9BC6EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174321" box="[253,1145,618,645]" collectingDate="1966-08-09" collectionCode="FSCV" collectorName="W. J. Pulawski" country="Bulgaria" location="Sozopol" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Burgas">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA3F8FDE2FE8FC6EF" bold="true" box="[253,365,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA3F8FDE2FE85C6EF" box="[253,359,618,644]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA270FDE3FDE4C6EF" box="[373,518,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA270FDE3FDE4C6EF" box="[373,518,619,644]" country="Bulgaria" name="Burgas" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Burgas Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA110FDE3FD93C6EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA110FDE3FD93C6EE" box="[533,625,619,645]" country="Bulgaria" name="Sozopol" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Burgas">Sozopol</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA17BFDE3FCE0C6EE" box="[638,770,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1966-08-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FA78306AFC57FFFEA17BFDE3FCE0C6EE" box="[638,770,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1966-08-09">9.VIII.1966</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA00BFDE3FCD8C6EE" box="[782,826,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA07CFDE3FBF7C6EE" box="[889,1045,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">W.J. Pulawski</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA720FDE2FB90C6EE" box="[1061,1138,618,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FSCV</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA781FDE2FE69C6C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174307" collectorName="Autonomous Republic" country="Azerbaijan" location="Nakhchivan" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Naxcivan">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA781FDE2FAF3C6EF" bold="true" box="[1156,1297,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA781FDE2FAE9C6EF" box="[1156,1291,618,644]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA61CFDE3FE69C6C2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA61CFDE3FA7EC6EE" box="[1305,1436,619,645]" country="Azerbaijan" name="Naxcivan" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Nakhchivan</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA392FD07FE69C6C2" box="[151,395,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Autonomous Republic</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA298FD07FBE1C6C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174315" box="[413,1027,654,681]" collectionCode="ZISP" collectorName="Reitter" country="Azerbaijan" location="Arax" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ordubad">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA298FD07FDE2C6C2" box="[413,512,655,681]" country="Azerbaijan" name="Ordubad" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Ordubad</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA109FD07FDA1C6C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA109FD07FDA1C6C2" box="[524,579,655,681]" country="Azerbaijan" name="Arax" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Ordubad">Arax</location>
|
||
[River], 1892,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA1F6FD07FCFDC6C2" box="[755,799,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA064FD07FC49C6C2" box="[865,939,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Reitter</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA0B9FD06FC1EC6C2" box="[956,1020,654,681]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA714FD07FB40C6A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174314" collectionCode="VI" collectorName="M. Yu. Proshchalykin & Kh. A. Aliyev, M. M. & Maharramov" country="Azerbaijan" elevation="1680" latitude="39.3" location="Goynuk" longLatPrecision="1170" longitude="45.666668" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Babak">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA714FD07FBB8C6C2" box="[1041,1114,655,681]" country="Azerbaijan" name="Babak" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Babek</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA76DFD07FB21C6C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA76DFD07FB21C6C2" box="[1128,1219,655,681]" country="Azerbaijan" latitude="39.3" longLatPrecision="1170" longitude="45.666668" name="Goynuk" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Babak">Goynuk</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA7D4FD18FACCC6C0" box="[1233,1326,656,683]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="925" value="39.3">39°18′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FBB68985FC57FFFEA638FD18FA7AC6C0" box="[1341,1432,656,683]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" precision="925" value="45.666668">45°40′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="597A42A7FC57FFFEA392FD3BFF0EC6A6" box="[151,236,691,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="1680.0">
|
||
<elevation id="15AF0871FC57FFFEA392FD3BFF0EC6A6" box="[151,236,691,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA3F3FD3BFED6C6A6" box="[246,308,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2019-06-12">
|
||
12.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA211FD3BFED6C6A6" box="[276,308,691,717]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.2019,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA27AFD3BFE4AC6A6" box="[383,424,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA2E4FD3BFD28C6A6" box="[481,714,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">M.Yu. Proshchalykin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA1D1FD3BFBA0C6A6" box="[724,1090,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Kh.A. Aliyev, M.M. Maharramov</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA74BFD3AFB79C6A6" box="[1102,1179,690,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FSCV</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA7AEFD3BFED7C69A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174327" collectionCode="VI" country="Turkey" location="Meram" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Konya">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA7AEFD3BFAEBC6A6" bold="true" box="[1195,1289,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC57FFFEA7AEFD3BFAE6C6A6" box="[1195,1284,691,717]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA60BFD3BFA77C6A7" box="[1294,1429,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC57FFFEA60BFD3BFA77C6A7" box="[1294,1429,691,716]" country="Turkey" name="Konya" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Konya Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="9B5DB999FC57FFFEA392FD5FFF0BC69A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:162B5E54FC56FFF2A392FCD9FA6EC3BD:9B5DB999FC57FFFEA392FD5FFF0BC69A" box="[151,233,727,753]" country="Turkey" name="Meram" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Konya">Meram</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC57FFFEA3F1FD5FFED7C69A" box="[244,309,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="1968-06-14">
|
||
14.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA211FD5FFED7C69A" box="[276,309,727,753]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EEAE51FFC57FFFEA231FD5FFB0AC69A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027174304" box="[308,1256,726,753]" collectionCode="FSCV, ZISP" collectorName="J. Schmidt & Erber" country="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Konya Prov.">
|
||
.1968,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA27BFD5FFE4AC69A" box="[382,424,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA2E1FD5FFDB5C69A" box="[484,599,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">J. Schmidt</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA161FD5EFD53C69A" box="[612,689,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FSCV</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA1C7FD5EFC44C69B" bold="true" box="[706,934,726,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Country uncertain:</emphasis>
|
||
1867,
|
||
<specimenCount id="888424CBFC57FFFEA0F4FD5FFBF9C69A" box="[1009,1051,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="33778A94FC57FFFEA753FD5FFB71C69A" box="[1110,1171,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Erber</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="F8937787FC57FFFEA7A4FD5EFB03C69A" box="[1185,1249,726,753]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ZISP</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CAFDBFCAFC57FFFEA392F807FE71C3A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407520/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" startId="5.[151,264,1935,1959]" targetBox="[161,1436,777,1912]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC57FFFEA392F807FE71C3A0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1935,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA392F807FED8C3CC" bold="true" box="[151,314,1935,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC57FFFEA245F807FD58C3CC" authority="Morawitz, 1867" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1867" box="[320,698,1935,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC57FFFEA245F807FDF2C3CC" box="[320,528,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Odynerus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC57FFFEA113F807FD58C3CC" author="Morawitz, F." box="[534,698,1935,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" pagination="109 - 144" refId="ref13714" refString="Morawitz, F. (1867) Ubersicht der im Gouvernement von Saratow und um St. Petersburg vorkommenden Odynerus - Arten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 4, 109 - 144." type="journal article" year="1867">Morawitz, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, lectotype. 1, habitus in dorsal view. 2, habitus in lateral view. 3, head in frontal view. 4, labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D698BCC9FC54FFF2A3C2FF1EFA6EC3BD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2FF1EFDE4C529" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA3C2FF1EFE83C4DB" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA26CFF1FFE56C4DA" box="[361,436,151,177]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C4621A0FC54FFFDA2C6FF1FFDD8C4DA" box="[451,570,151,177]" country="Russia" name="Krasnodar" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Krasnodar</collectingRegion>
|
||
Terr.),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA188FF1FFD23C4DA" box="[653,705,151,177]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA1CBFF1FFCD1C4DA" box="[718,819,151,177]" name="Slovenia" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA03AFF1FFC76C4DA" box="[831,916,151,177]" name="Croatia" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA0A4FF1FFB5BC4DA" box="[929,1209,151,177]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA7C0FF1FFAACC4DA" box="[1221,1358,151,177]" name="Serbia" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||
(*new record),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA3F1FF33FEB2C4BE" box="[244,336,187,213]" name="Albania" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA2A4FF33FDC2C4BE" box="[417,544,187,213]" name="Macedonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA12EFF33FD9FC4BE" box="[555,637,187,213]" name="Greece" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA182FF33FD0DC4BE" box="[647,751,187,213]" name="Romania" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA1FCFF33FCBEC4BE" box="[761,860,187,213]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA060FF33FC02C4BE" box="[869,992,187,213]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(*new record),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA795FF33FB00C4BE" box="[1168,1250,187,213]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The presence of this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA23BFF57FE7AC492" box="[318,408,223,249]" name="Ukraine" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
shown in the “Fauna Europaea” database (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC54FFFDA085FF57FB83C491" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[896,1121,223,250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" refId="ref12941" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (2013 b) Fauna Europaea: Family Vespidae. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. 2. Available from: http: // www. faunaeur. org / (accessed 28 December 2019)" type="url" year="2013">Gusenleitner 2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is doubtful since it has not been documented by specimen based records. The records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E695AFD2FC54FFFDA073FE8BFC3AC576" box="[886,984,259,285]" name="Armenia" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC54FFFDA0ECFE8BFB79C576" author="Morawitz, F." box="[1001,1179,258,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="407 - 493" refId="ref13748" refString="Morawitz, F. (1895) Materialien zu einer Vespidenfauna des Russischen Reiches. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 29, 407 - 493." type="journal article" year="1895">Morawitz 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC54FFFDA7A2FE8BFF33C52A" author="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V." pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref10845" refString="Antropov, A. V. & Fateryga, A. V. (2017) Family Vespidae. In: Lelej, A. S., Proshchalykin, M. Yu. & Loktionov, V. M. (Eds.), Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, Supplement 6, pp. 175 - 196." type="journal article" year="2017">Antropov & Fateryga 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are erroneous (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2FEC2FCE6C5BA" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA3C2FEC2FDC8C50E" bold="true" box="[199,554,330,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Bionomics. Nesting substrate.</emphasis>
|
||
The nesting site of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA00EFEC3FBE5C50E" box="[779,1031,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA00EFEC3FBE5C50E" box="[779,1031,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA712FEC3FBB8C50E" box="[1047,1114,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) was described above in the “Material and methods”.All 12 nests were located in empty shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA091FEE7FB63C5E2" baseAuthorityName="Krynicki" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[916,1153,367,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Xeropicta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="derbentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA091FEE7FB63C5E2" box="[916,1153,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Xeropicta derbentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shells with the nests were found hidden in dense grass; i.e., there were no nests in shells lying on a bare ground surface near the vole holes. The orientation of the shell opening was various.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2FE52FC37C07A" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA3C2FE52FE67C59F" bold="true" box="[199,389,474,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Nesting activity.</emphasis>
|
||
Two nesting females were observed. The first one was noticed on
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC54FFFDA75AFE53FB1AC59E" box="[1119,1272,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" value="2019-06-16">June 16, 2019</date>
|
||
at 16.20 (solar time). That time, it was sealing the nest. The female flew from the nest and landed on a bare ground surface near a vole hole in about
|
||
<quantity id="597A42A7FC54FFFDA287FDABFE4CC656" box="[386,430,547,573]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
from the nest. Then, it began running over the ground investigating the surface with the antennae. After some time (up to a minute), the female found a small pellet of dry soil, took it with the mandibles, and flew back to the nest. At the nest, it simply put the pellet into the shell opening and flew again. Sometimes, the female spent some time at the nest after delivering an earthen pellet. That time, it rearranged the pellets, which had been already put into the nest. The abovementioned activity repeated many times until the shell opening is filled with such pellets of dry soil. After that, the female began to bring gravel particles instead of earthen pellets. It also took them on the bare ground surface near the vole hole. At the nest, the female usually not simply put them onto the pile of the pellets of dry soil but rearranged some pellets and other gravel particles, which had been already brought. For this purpose, the wasp used mandibles and fore legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA026FCCBFC8AC735" box="[803,872,835,862]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). After a necessary number of the gravel particles had been arranged in the shell opening, the female began sealing slits between them. For this purpose, it licked the earthen pellets, located between the gravel particles, with the proboscis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA0CAFC03FBF7C7CE" box="[975,1045,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). A liquid substance exuding from the glossa moistened the pellets of dry soil and bonded them. The bonded soil received in such a way firmed the gravel particles together. Thus, just the outer part of the cell plug was firmed while the earthen pellets located inside remained unbonded. The female finished its work at 18.15 and flew away.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2FB93FDBDC016" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
The second nesting female was noticed on
|
||
<date id="EA3CC982FC54FFFDA1A9FB93FCA8C05E" box="[684,842,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" value="2019-06-27">June 27, 2019</date>
|
||
at 13.35. Its nest was at the provisioning stage but it was invaded by ants (see below). Several times, the female arrived to the nest and flew away but without any works. The observations were finished at 14.45.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2FB0EFE80C112" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA3C2FB0EFE30C0CA" bold="true" box="[199,466,1158,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Structure of the nests.</emphasis>
|
||
Nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA144FB0FFCDCC0CA" box="[577,830,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA144FB0FFCDCC0CA" box="[577,830,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupied about 1.5 of the shell volution. All of them consisted of one cell. The incomplete nest invaded by ants contained remains of the nest plug as well as remains of the inner layer of the wasp cocoon served as a cell bottom. It means that the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA795FB47FAC2C082" box="[1168,1312,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA795FB47FAC2C082" box="[1168,1312,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are able to use the shells several times. At the same time, it does not mean that they do not clean the shell prior to use it. The cocoon remains discovered in the abovementioned nest tightly adhered to the shell walls and were hardly removable. There were no loosely lying or not firmly attached remains of the old nest; such materials had been cleaned out by the female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2FA0BFE46C23A" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
Complete nests were sealed with the plug. Its outer surface contained gravel particles, shell bits, and sometimes also tiny shells firmed with bonded soil (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA15BFA2FFD40C1AA" box="[606,674,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). A freshly sealed nest contained an egg at the distant end of the cell (approximately in the middle of the second volution of the shell) and the prey in the form of packed small caterpillars. Closer to the shell entrance, the caterpillars were replaced by pellets of dry soil, which lay loosely (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA64DFA67FA6CC262" box="[1352,1422,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). These pellets completely filled the space between the prey and the outer firmed part of the cell plug; there was no empty space in the nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2F9D3FB03C28A" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
The nests with cocoons, however, did not contain the pellets of dry soil; their plugs were represented by the firmed part only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA25CF9F7FE49C2F2" box="[345,427,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,746,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-330@8.[158,1430,741,1847]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Schematic plan of a nest and the immature instars of Leptochilus limbiferus. 13, an egg. 14, a prepupa in the nest (A, loose soil; B, prey feces; C, gravel particles; D, meconium; E, inner layer of the cocoon; F, outer layer of the cocoon; G, middle layers of the cocoon; H, a tiny shell; I, bonded soil). For clarity, the inner and the outer cocoon layers are shown as detached from the cell walls, whereas in reality they tightly adhere to them in most part of the outer shell walls and on the inner surface of the nest plug." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407526/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was obvious that the pellets were moved from their original position to the basal (inner) part of the cell by the wasp larva. At the same time, they had been crumbled up and transformed to loose soil. One nest contained a double plug consisted of two equal parts made of gravel firmed with bonded soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFDA3C2F963FAB4C3D2" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
The liquid used by the female wasp to moisten soil probably contained nectar since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA78AF963FAC3C36E" box="[1167,1313,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA78AF963FAC3C36E" box="[1167,1313,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was never recorded collecting water. At the same time, the nest plugs were found to contain monosaccharides, an obligatory component of nectar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA294F8BBFE19C326" box="[401,507,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="9.[151,250,469,493]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,445]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1435,181,445]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 15. Qualitative test for monosaccharides with α-naphthol (A, aqueous extract of nest plugs of Leptochilus limbiferus; B, aqueous extract of nest partitions of Syneuodynerus egregius; C, aqueous extract of natural clay; D, 0.4% aqueous solution of glucose; E, distilled water); the reddish quinoid compound (arrows), formed at the boundary of the layers of sulfuric acid and the tested solution, indicates the presence of monosaccharides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407528/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The same test with nest partitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA0B2F8BBFB2AC327" box="[951,1224,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Syneuodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="egregius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA0B2F8BBFB2AC327" box="[951,1224,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Syneuodynerus egregius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided doubtful result (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA3E2F8DFFEB3C31A" box="[231,337,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="9.[151,250,469,493]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,445]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1435,181,445]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 15. Qualitative test for monosaccharides with α-naphthol (A, aqueous extract of nest plugs of Leptochilus limbiferus; B, aqueous extract of nest partitions of Syneuodynerus egregius; C, aqueous extract of natural clay; D, 0.4% aqueous solution of glucose; E, distilled water); the reddish quinoid compound (arrows), formed at the boundary of the layers of sulfuric acid and the tested solution, indicates the presence of monosaccharides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407528/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The latter species makes mud by mixing dry soil with regurgitated water and probably saliva (Fateryga, unpubl.), which can contain monosaccharides in trace amounts.Anyway, the test with the nest plugs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA683F8F3FEEBC3D2" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA683F8F3FEEBC3D2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was clearly positive, although this species uses an order of magnitude less liquid than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC54FFFDA7D6F817FAACC3D3" box="[1235,1358,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Syneuodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="egregius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA7D6F817FAACC3D3" box="[1235,1358,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">S. egregius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC54FFFCA3C2F84AFD5AC50E" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC54FFFDA3C2F84AFEDDC3B7" bold="true" box="[199,319,1986,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Provision.</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillars of three species were stored as the prey. The first nest contained 45 caterpillars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC54FFFDA638F84BFA6DC3B6" box="[1341,1423,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among them, 43 belonged to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA2E3FF1FFC69C4D9" authority="(Treitschke)" baseAuthorityName="Treitschke" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[486,907,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Syncopacma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronillella">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA2E3FF1FFD1EC4DA" box="[486,764,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Syncopacma coronillella</emphasis>
|
||
(Treitschke)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA09FFF1FFBCAC4DA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[922,1064,151,177]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA734FF1FFB5EC4D9" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[1073,1212,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They lived on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA674FF1FFD84C4BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pentaphyllum" subSpecies="herbaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA674FF1FFE71C4BE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Dorycnium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA2EFFF33FD84C4BE" box="[490,614,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">herbaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and wove its leaves to characteristic clusters. Hunting was not observed but it was obvious that to capture a caterpillar, the female wasp gnawed out a hole in such a leaf cluster (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC55FFFCA639FF57FA6CC492" box="[1340,1422,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two other caterpillars belonged to an unidentified species, probably in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA73DFE8BFB4FC576" box="[1080,1197,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The incomplete nest invaded by ants contained 25 caterpillars: nine of them were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA039FEAFFC38C52A" baseAuthorityName="Treitschke" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[828,986,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Syncopacma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronillella">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA039FEAFFC38C52A" box="[828,986,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">S. coronillella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 16 belonged to another unidentified species, probably also in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA12EFEC3FD56C50E" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1854" box="[555,692,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CAFDBFCAFC55FFFCA392F8DEFAC3C3B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" startId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" targetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC55FFFCA392F8DEFAC3C3B1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1878,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA392F8DEFEA5C305" bold="true" box="[151,327,1878,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">FIGURES 5–12.</emphasis>
|
||
Bionomics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA2D9F8DEFD5DC305" box="[476,703,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA2D9F8DEFD5DC305" box="[476,703,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA60CF8DFFF01C3F9" baseAuthorityName="Krynicki" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Xeropicta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="derbentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA60CF8DFFF01C3F9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Xeropicta derbentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA3FCF817FD59C3DD" box="[249,699,1950,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pentaphyllum" subSpecies="herbaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA3FCF817FE1EC3DD" box="[249,508,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Dorycnium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA14FF816FD59C3DD" box="[586,699,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">herbaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woven by a caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA0CDF817FB26C3DD" baseAuthorityName="Treitschke" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[968,1220,1950,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Syncopacma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronillella">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA0CDF817FB26C3DD" box="[968,1220,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Syncopacma coronillella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the hole is probably made by a female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC55FFFCA269F84BFE0CC3B1" box="[364,494,1986,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC55FFFCA269F84BFE0CC3B1" box="[364,494,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5AFFF3A3C2FF1FFC34C6A6" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5AFFF3A3C2FF1FFD9AC4DA" bold="true" box="[199,632,150,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Immature instars and development.</emphasis>
|
||
One egg of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5AFFF3A00FFF1FFBEAC4DA" box="[778,1032,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5AFFF3A00FFF1FFBEAC4DA" box="[778,1032,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed; its size was 2.2×0.7 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5AFFF3A3D6FF33FEC5C4BE" box="[211,295,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,746,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-330@8.[158,1430,741,1847]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Schematic plan of a nest and the immature instars of Leptochilus limbiferus. 13, an egg. 14, a prepupa in the nest (A, loose soil; B, prey feces; C, gravel particles; D, meconium; E, inner layer of the cocoon; F, outer layer of the cocoon; G, middle layers of the cocoon; H, a tiny shell; I, bonded soil). For clarity, the inner and the outer cocoon layers are shown as detached from the cell walls, whereas in reality they tightly adhere to them in most part of the outer shell walls and on the inner surface of the nest plug." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407526/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was suspended by the female wasp on the cell wall with a filament. When the larva hatched from the egg, it immediately began feeding on the stored prey. After consuming all provisions, it spun a cocoon. While doing this, it firstly moved prey feces and all loosely lying soil from the nest plug to the end of the shell cavity. Some gravel particles could be also moved if they were not firmed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5AFFF3A082FEAFFC3BC52A" box="[903,985,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,746,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-330@8.[158,1430,741,1847]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Schematic plan of a nest and the immature instars of Leptochilus limbiferus. 13, an egg. 14, a prepupa in the nest (A, loose soil; B, prey feces; C, gravel particles; D, meconium; E, inner layer of the cocoon; F, outer layer of the cocoon; G, middle layers of the cocoon; H, a tiny shell; I, bonded soil). For clarity, the inner and the outer cocoon layers are shown as detached from the cell walls, whereas in reality they tightly adhere to them in most part of the outer shell walls and on the inner surface of the nest plug." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407526/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). After that, the larva began spinning the cocoon itself. It consisted of several layers. The outer layer was thin, whitish, and semitransparent; it tightly adhered to the inner walls of the cell except the area where the soil was deposited by the larva. The inner layer was much thicker; it had beige color and was nontransparent. Its volume corresponded to the size of the larva. Lateral walls of the inner cocoon layer were united with the outer layer. Two to three middle layers were present. They looked like almost flat transverse discs located between the nest plug and the cap of the inner layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5AFFF3A7ABFE53FAE0C59E" box="[1198,1282,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,746,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-330@8.[158,1430,741,1847]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Schematic plan of a nest and the immature instars of Leptochilus limbiferus. 13, an egg. 14, a prepupa in the nest (A, loose soil; B, prey feces; C, gravel particles; D, meconium; E, inner layer of the cocoon; F, outer layer of the cocoon; G, middle layers of the cocoon; H, a tiny shell; I, bonded soil). For clarity, the inner and the outer cocoon layers are shown as detached from the cell walls, whereas in reality they tightly adhere to them in most part of the outer shell walls and on the inner surface of the nest plug." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407526/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similarly to the outer layer, the middle layers were thin, whitish, and semitransparent. All layers of the cocoon consisted of silk strands, which had various width; there were no other material embedded to them. The difference of the inner layer from the other ones was mainly its greater thickness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5AFFF3A1E8FDCFFCA2C609" box="[749,832,583,610]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,696,720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,673]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1435,181,673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16–17. SEM micrograph of two cocoon layers of Leptochilus limbiferus (from inside). 16, the inner layer. 17, a middle layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407530/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The middle layers, however, also had larger areas of smooth, presumably airtight films of silk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5AFFF3A17CFDE3FD2FC6EE" box="[633,717,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,696,720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,673]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[151,1435,181,673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16–17. SEM micrograph of two cocoon layers of Leptochilus limbiferus (from inside). 16, the inner layer. 17, a middle layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407530/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). The duration of the feeding and the cocooning was not documented. The meconium was located inside the cocoon. After it was discharged onto the bottom of the cell, the larva passed to the prepupal stage and hibernated until the next spring (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5AFFF3A070FD3BFC2AC6A6" box="[885,968,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-111@7.[151,1435,381,1855]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5–12. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 5, nesting site. 6–7, a female sealing its nest in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina. 8, a sealed shell with a nest. 9, dissected shell with the prey and the pellets of dry soil. 10, prey ejected from one nest. 11, leaves of Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum woven by a caterpillar of Syncopacma coronillella; the hole is probably made by a female of L. limbiferus. 12, dissected shell with a prepupa hibernating in the cocoon. Scale bars = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407524/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CAFDBFCAFC5AFFF3A392F8C6FE69C39C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407526/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" startId="8.[151,264,1870,1894]" targetBox="[164,1423,746,1840]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5AFFF3A392F8C6FE69C39C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1870,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5AFFF3A392F8C6FEB6C30C" bold="true" box="[151,340,1870,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">FIGURES 13–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic plan of a nest and the immature instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5AFFF3A074F8C7FBB6C30C" box="[881,1108,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5AFFF3A074F8C7FBB6C30C" box="[881,1108,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="297">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 13, an egg. 14, a prepupa in the nest (A, loose soil; B, prey feces; C, gravel particles; D, meconium; E, inner layer of the cocoon; F, outer layer of the cocoon; G, middle layers of the cocoon; H, a tiny shell; I, bonded soil). For clarity, the inner and the outer cocoon layers are shown as detached from the cell walls, whereas in reality they tightly adhere to them in most part of the outer shell walls and on the inner surface of the nest plug.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CAFDBFCAFC5BFFF2A392FE5DFCF0C632" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407528/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" startId="9.[151,250,469,493]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,445]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5BFFF2A392FE5DFCF0C632" blockId="9.[151,1437,469,601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A392FE5DFEFDC586" bold="true" box="[151,287,469,493]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Qualitative test for monosaccharides with α-naphthol (A, aqueous extract of nest plugs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A7B7FE5DFA77C586" box="[1202,1429,469,493]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A7B7FE5DFA77C586" box="[1202,1429,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B, aqueous extract of nest partitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A12FFE71FCC3C67A" box="[554,801,505,529]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Syneuodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="egregius">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A12FFE71FCC3C67A" box="[554,801,505,529]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Syneuodynerus egregius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C, aqueous extract of natural clay; D, 0.4% aqueous solution of glucose; E, distilled water); the reddish quinoid compound (arrows), formed at the boundary of the layers of sulfuric acid and the tested solution, indicates the presence of monosaccharides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5BFFF2A3C2FD00FBF8C759" blockId="9.[151,1437,647,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Four nests with the overwintered wasp progeny were dissected on May 15. One of them contained an adult male gnawing the nest plug. Two other ones contained female and male pupae. The wasps emerged from them in June. The fourth nest contained a prepupa. A female emerged from it at the end of June. Unfortunately, the prepupa from the nest found on June 16 died. The species is probably univoltine. According to the data of the studied collections, adult wasps are active up to the beginning of August (see “Material examined”).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5BFFF2A3C2FCB3FE97C01E" blockId="9.[151,1437,647,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A3C2FCB3FE2FC73D" bold="true" box="[199,461,827,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Reproductive success.</emphasis>
|
||
Just four nest cells were successful among 12 studied ones. As noted above, one nest was invaded by ants during the provisioning stage. It was tiny ant of the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A727FCD7FA82C712" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" box="[1058,1376,863,889]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A727FCD7FAFCC712" box="[1058,1310,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Plagiolepis pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
Forel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A66AFCE8FEF0C7F5" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A21EFC0BFE42C7F5" box="[283,416,899,926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The ants stolen the wasp egg and tore off fragments from the caterpillars stored in the nest. The female wasp was unable to do anything with this due to very small size of the predators. One of the complete nests with dead progeny contained dead pupa of an anthracine fly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A08CFC43FC01C78E" box="[905,995,971,997]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A0EBFC43FB63C78D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1006,1153,971,998]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) inside the wasp cocoon. Six other nests contained progeny dead for the unknown reason (one larva and five prepupae). It could be stated that the reproductive success amounted 33.3% but the age of the six nests was actually unknown. If they were made by wasp females a year earlier than the other studied nests, it would be incorrect to include them in the reproductive success calculation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5BFFF2A3C2FBF7FD87C1D1" blockId="9.[151,1437,647,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A3C2FBF7FE90C0F2" bold="true" box="[199,370,1151,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Adult feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A11EFBF7FCFAC0F2" box="[539,792,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A11EFBF7FCFAC0F2" box="[539,792,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed feeding on nectar at flowers of five plant species in five families. Females were recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A1DAFB2BFBC6C0D6" box="[735,1060,1187,1213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tripleurospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inodorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A1DAFB2BFBC6C0D6" box="[735,1060,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Tripleurospermum inodorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sch. Bip. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A7DDFB2CFAB4C0D5" box="[1240,1366,1188,1214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5BFFF2A66AFB2BFF56C089" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 18, a female feeding on nectar on a capitulum of Tripleurospermum inodorum. 19, a female feeding on nectar from a flower of Linaria sp. through a hole gnawed out by itself in the spur. 20, a male licking the outer surface of the petals of a flower of Medicago falcata. 21, a female licking an air cushion. 22, courtship. 23, a male sleeping in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A3F2FB4FFE1EC08A" box="[247,508,1223,1249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seguieriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A3F2FB4FFE1EC08A" box="[247,508,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Euphorbia seguieriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Neck. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A15DFB4FFCE4C089" box="[600,774,1223,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A male was recorded on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A73CFB4FFF1AC16D" authority="M. Bieb." authorityName="M. Bieb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Asperula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="supina">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A73CFB4FFB10C08A" box="[1081,1266,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Asperula supina</emphasis>
|
||
M. Bieb. (Rubiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several males were observed feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A1D0FB64FB25C16E" box="[725,1223,1259,1285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pentaphyllum" subSpecies="herbaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A1D0FB64FC11C16E" box="[725,1011,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Dorycnium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A74EFB63FB25C16E" box="[1099,1223,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">herbaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both females and males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A3F8FA98FE6EC142" box="[253,396,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A3F8FA98FE6EC142" box="[253,396,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have rather long proboscis allowing them visiting flowers with nectar hidden inside a corolla tube, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A22AFABCFE7BC126" box="[303,409,1332,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Asperula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="supina">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A22AFABCFE7BC126" box="[303,409,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">A. supina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The wasps (both sexes), however, were also revealed feeding at flowers of an undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A214FAD0FDCEC119" box="[273,556,1367,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A214FAD0FE87C11A" box="[273,357,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Linaria</emphasis>
|
||
(Plantaginaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which had nectar hidden in the spur, which was much longer than the wasp proboscis. To get the nectar,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A2DEFAF4FD89C1FE" box="[475,619,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A2DEFAF4FD89C1FE" box="[475,619,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">L. limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gnawed the spur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A054FAF4FC47C1FE" box="[849,933,1404,1429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Linaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A054FAF4FC47C1FE" box="[849,933,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Linaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. with the mandibles and then inserted the proboscis into the resulted hole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5BFFF2A101FA17FDBAC1D1" box="[516,600,1439,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 18, a female feeding on nectar on a capitulum of Tripleurospermum inodorum. 19, a female feeding on nectar from a flower of Linaria sp. through a hole gnawed out by itself in the spur. 20, a male licking the outer surface of the petals of a flower of Medicago falcata. 21, a female licking an air cushion. 22, courtship. 23, a male sleeping in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5BFFF2A3C2FA4BFD1DC2DE" blockId="9.[151,1437,647,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
Unusual behavior of adult wasps (both females and males) was also observed. The wasps landed on a rather dry substrate, which did not contain nectar, extended the proboscis, and licked substrate surface with the glossa. Such substrates were various parts of plants, e.g., petals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A1E2F983FC4EC24E" box="[743,940,1547,1573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A1E2F983FC4EC24E" box="[743,940,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Medicago falcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5BFFF2A0BFF983FBEFC24D" box="[954,1037,1547,1574]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 18, a female feeding on nectar on a capitulum of Tripleurospermum inodorum. 19, a female feeding on nectar from a flower of Linaria sp. through a hole gnawed out by itself in the spur. 20, a male licking the outer surface of the petals of a flower of Medicago falcata. 21, a female licking an air cushion. 22, courtship. 23, a male sleeping in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A77AF984FE82C222" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pentaphyllum" subSpecies="herbaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A77AF984FA7EC24E" box="[1151,1436,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Dorycnium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A3E1F9A7FE82C222" box="[228,352,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">herbaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rachis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A2D6F9A7FD5DC222" box="[467,703,1583,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hedysarum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tauricum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A2D6F9A7FD5DC222" box="[467,703,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Hedysarum tauricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as a paper notebook, an air cushion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5BFFF2A7B7F9A7FAE1C221" box="[1202,1283,1583,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 18, a female feeding on nectar on a capitulum of Tripleurospermum inodorum. 19, a female feeding on nectar from a flower of Linaria sp. through a hole gnawed out by itself in the spur. 20, a male licking the outer surface of the petals of a flower of Medicago falcata. 21, a female licking an air cushion. 22, courtship. 23, a male sleeping in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), a stick of an entomological net, human skin, and clothes. It could be supposed that such a behavior served to obtain some mineral substance. The duration of such acts was up to 20–30 min. They were, however, periodically interrupted: wasps flew away but then returned again and repeated their action.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC5BFFF2A3C2F948FA6EC3BD" blockId="9.[151,1437,647,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A3C2F948FE9AC2B2" bold="true" box="[199,376,1727,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Male behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Males were observed mainly patrolling the nesting site. They made slow flights across its territory. Doing this, the males periodically (1–2 times per minute) landed on grass or stones. Such a behavior was sometimes interrupted for feeding on flowers or abovementioned licking various substrates. Three times the males were observed landing on shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A2F4F8A4FD03C32E" baseAuthorityName="Krynicki" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[497,737,1835,1861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Xeropicta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="derbentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A2F4F8A4FD03C32E" box="[497,737,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Xeropicta derbentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and investigating them with the antennae. These shells were actually abandoned nests of the wasp since they had remains of the nest plug. A couple of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A7A5F8C7FA7FC302" box="[1184,1437,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbiferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A7A5F8C7FA7FC302" box="[1184,1437,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Leptochilus limbiferus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed once. Courtship lasted 16 min. It might, however, take actually more time because the wasps had been noticed already together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5BFFF2A2EAF81FFDA1C3D9" box="[495,579,1943,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 18, a female feeding on nectar on a capitulum of Tripleurospermum inodorum. 19, a female feeding on nectar from a flower of Linaria sp. through a hole gnawed out by itself in the spur. 20, a male licking the outer surface of the petals of a flower of Medicago falcata. 21, a female licking an air cushion. 22, courtship. 23, a male sleeping in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). After that, copulation was observed during few seconds but it was probably unsuccessful. One male was found sleeping inside an empty shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC5BFFF2A09CF834FBD3C3BE" baseAuthorityName="Krynicki" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[921,1073,1979,2005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Xeropicta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="298" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="derbentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC5BFFF2A09CF834FBD3C3BE" box="[921,1073,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">X. derbentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="06B9F3C7FC5BFFF2A744F833FB70C3BD" box="[1089,1170,1979,2006]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[151,1435,781,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Bionomics of Leptochilus limbiferus. 18, a female feeding on nectar on a capitulum of Tripleurospermum inodorum. 19, a female feeding on nectar from a flower of Linaria sp. through a hole gnawed out by itself in the spur. 20, a male licking the outer surface of the petals of a flower of Medicago falcata. 21, a female licking an air cushion. 22, courtship. 23, a male sleeping in a shell of Xeropicta derbentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407534/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="298">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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) at 17.35 (solar time).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |