238 lines
37 KiB
XML
238 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="7620355B53A2139CBCD14B9EC8C57843" ID-DOI="10.1649/072.067.0109" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1622480059807" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Asano, Makoto & Kojima, Hiroaki" docDate="2013" docId="960687D57757FFE6FC97FB80FEA1784A" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.67.1.40-45.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Laius asahinai Nakane 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="6A3FFFAD7757FFE5FF9BFFD3FF9F7C12" masterDocTitle="Description Of The Early Instars Of Laius Asahinai Nakane (Coleoptera: Malachiidae): First Discovery Of A Foetomorphic Larva In Malachiidae" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="40" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698950844603" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C850339ADCCD55BED70BEE896D3AC9D0">Description Of The Early Instars Of Laius Asahinai Nakane (Coleoptera: Malachiidae): First Discovery Of A Foetomorphic Larva In Malachiidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3FE76C6A1162A4B15CD8D9C755CC90A3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="15F07F94FA6C62D87D49D0A2DC4DAB0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3974C2CB210D6D74F40358DDAA7E14E7">Asano, Makoto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="717615BBA673EA83B8F9BE009D812312">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 JAPAN</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AE44C4ACEFC92C40B0E3E9524580C08F">Kojima, Hiroaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4733F6041EF1034BF2304A76B1F8F855">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 JAPAN</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="85AEDF24379310632AEF715B5AA2D28B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AA50C9E1560083C632C826FB963199C6">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B27C4BEAFF12F1872D964C59E5E03784">
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<mods:date id="11E8AF5A595B0BF14B7880236B1D8BA0">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C34205B3EB54887542B44CD09E31514A">2013-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="42B6AB405C574C8A5A9C5E40E4D77A47">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E3936F61146999FB7A6FFC82A7828D9B" type="DOI">10.1649/072.067.0109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7EB58B73E406F368A82E5F4928839DEB" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="960687D57757FFE6FC97FB80FEA1784A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:960687D57757FFE6FC97FB80FEA1784A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/960687D57757FFE6FC97FB80FEA1784A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="56B565487757FFE5FC97FB80FB9C788C" pageId="0" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E1036C37757FFE5FC97FB80FBAA787B" blockId="0.[780,1077,1107,1183]" box="[780,1077,1107,1129]" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="455881AF7757FFE5FC97FB80FBAA787B" box="[780,1077,1107,1129]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407757FFE5FC97FB80FBAA787B" authority="Nakane, 1955" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[780,1077,1107,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17757FFE5FC97FB80FBAA787B" bold="true" box="[780,1077,1107,1129]" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17757FFE5FC97FB80FC00787B" bold="true" box="[780,927,1107,1129]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Laius asahinai</emphasis>
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Nakane, 1955
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E1036C37757FFE5FCF6FBBCFB9C788C" blockId="0.[780,1077,1107,1183]" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">
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First instar (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FCDEFB5AFC3A788C" box="[837,933,1161,1182]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FC29FB5AFC5F788C" box="[946,960,1161,1182]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,627,646]" captionTargetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetId="figure-483@3.[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 6–7. Laius asahinai, head. 6) First instar, ventral view; 7) Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm." pageId="0" pageNumber="40">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FC50FB5AFC64788C" box="[971,1019,1161,1183]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="0" pageNumber="40">9–14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56B565487757FFE4FD5EFB67FC687DD4" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E1036C37757FFE4FD5EFB67FE347FBE" blockId="0.[685,1173,1203,1729]" lastBlockId="1.[173,660,707,940]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17757FFE5FD5EFB67FCDA78DB" bold="true" box="[709,837,1204,1225]" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
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Measurements in mm (
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17757FFE5FBD3FB60FBCB78DA" box="[1096,1108,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis>
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= 1): BL = 0.84; BW = 0.25; HL = 0.13; HW = 0.18; UL = 0.05. Body unpigmented and translucent, very soft, oblong oval in form, setae absent except on head capsule. Surviving yolk visible in midgut (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FD2FFAEBFC8D795F" box="[692,786,1336,1357]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FC84FAEBFCCE795F" box="[799,849,1336,1357]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="0" pageNumber="40">9, 10</figureCitation>
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), chorion still covering abdomen.
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17757FFE5FD36FA80FD7D797A" bold="true" box="[685,738,1363,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Head</emphasis>
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: Subtrapezoidal, with 4 pairs of short setae dorsally and 1 pair of short setae along frontal margin; pore, frontal arm, and epicranial stem indistinct. Labrum fused with frons. Five stemmata obscurely visible, 3 arranged in transverse row anteriorly and 2 posteriorly. Antennae unsegmented (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FD2FFA21FD6E7A15" box="[692,753,1522,1543]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,627,646]" captionTargetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetId="figure-483@3.[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 6–7. Laius asahinai, head. 6) First instar, ventral view; 7) Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm." pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Mandibles vestigial, with about 5 sensilla at tip, fused with head capsule, and not overlapping each other (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467757FFE5FCB0F9FBFCF27A2F" box="[811,877,1576,1597]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,627,646]" captionTargetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetId="figure-483@3.[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 6–7. Laius asahinai, head. 6) First instar, ventral view; 7) Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm." pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Maxillary and labial palpi unsegmented. Prementum, maxillae, and postmentum undivided and fused with each other. Hypopharynx visible, salivary glands visible through integument.
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17757FFE5FCABF941FCE07AB5" bold="true" box="[816,895,1682,1703]" pageId="0" pageNumber="40">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Pronotum about 2.0X as broad as long, about 1.3X as broad as head, obtusely angulate. Pro-, meso, and metanota each with 1 pair of egg bursters (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FEC9FD0EFE037EE0" box="[338,412,733,754]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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), without setae or markings (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FF7DFD2BFEB17F1F" box="[230,302,760,781]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FEA7FD2BFED57F1F" box="[316,330,760,781]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">9</figureCitation>
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). Legs conical and unsegmented (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FF2FFCC0FF657F3A" box="[180,250,787,808]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FE93FCC0FEBD7F3A" box="[264,290,787,808]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">10</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FEACFCC0FE047F3A" bold="true" box="[311,411,787,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Nine-segmented, widest at basal 3 segments and then narrowing posteriorly. Urogomphi undeveloped, with slight slit in middle, setae absent (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FEB2FCB1FEFD7F65" box="[297,354,866,887]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FEE8FCB1FDBD7F65" bold="true" box="[371,546,866,887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
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: Esophagus (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FF28FCAEFF697F80" box="[179,246,893,914]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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), proctodeum (
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||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FE1AFCAEFE5B7F80" box="[385,452,893,914]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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), and trachea (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FDD1FCAEFD137F80" box="[586,652,893,914]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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) visible through integument.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4AD0664B7756FFE4FF5EFDA5FDA27E9B" box="[197,573,630,649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" startId="1.[197,229,630,649]" targetBox="[173,659,191,606]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FF5EFDA5FDA27E9B" blockId="1.[197,573,630,649]" box="[197,573,630,649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FF5EFDA5FE9F7E9B" bold="true" box="[197,256,630,649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407756FFE4FE8DFDA5FE0A7E9B" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[278,405,630,649]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FE8DFDA5FE0A7E9B" box="[278,405,630,649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Laius asahinai</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, adult male
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<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FD99FDA5FDA77E9B" box="[514,568,630,649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">in situ</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FEC4FC1CFE697FED" blockId="1.[329,502,975,1023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
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Second instar (
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FECBFC39FE2F7FED" box="[336,432,1002,1023]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Figs. 4, 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FE26FC39FE547FED" box="[445,459,1002,1023]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,627,646]" captionTargetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetId="figure-483@3.[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 6–7. Laius asahinai, head. 6) First instar, ventral view; 7) Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">7</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FE4CFC39FE707FED" box="[471,495,1002,1023]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">16</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FF5EFBC7FC687DD4" blockId="1.[173,660,1044,1729]" lastBlockId="1.[707,1194,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FF5EFBC7FEDE783B" bold="true" box="[197,321,1044,1065]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements in mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FDDDFBC7FDCD783B" box="[582,594,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): BL = 1.14, BW = 0.26; HL = 0.11; HW = 0.15; UL = 0.06. Body unpigmented and translucent, soft, rugose except for legs, oblong ovate in form. Surviving yolk visible in midgut, old cuticle of first instar still covering abdomen.
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FE59FB4AFE6878BC" bold="true" box="[450,503,1177,1198]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Subtrapezoidal; pores indistinct, frontal arm and epicranial stem distinct. Frons with 11 pairs of setae; epicranial plates each with 10 setae. Five visible stemmata arranged as in first instar. Antennae 3-segmented, second segment with a conical sensorium and short seta, third segment with 5 setae. Labrum fused with frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FF2FFA80FF6B797A" box="[180,244,1363,1384]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibles protruding, fused with head capsule and not overlapping each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FDD3FABDFD197991" box="[584,646,1390,1411]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,627,646]" captionTargetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetId="figure-483@3.[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 6–7. Laius asahinai, head. 6) First instar, ventral view; 7) Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); external surface with 1 long and 2 short setae; condyle indistinct. Maxillary and labial palpi both 1-segmented, with apical sensilla. Stipes each with 6 setae. Postmentum with 4 pairs of setae. Prementum, stipes, and postmentum undivided and fused with each other. Hypopharynx invisible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FE62F9DEFDAD7A30" box="[505,562,1549,1570]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,627,646]" captionTargetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetId="figure-483@3.[172,1193,183,604]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 6–7. Laius asahinai, head. 6) First instar, ventral view; 7) Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FDD9F9DEFD137A30" bold="true" box="[578,652,1549,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Pronotum about 2.3X as broad as long, about 1.4X as broad as head, obtusely angulate; dorsum unpigmented, with 1 pair of setae on antero-lateral portion, 4 or 5 pairs on basal portion, and
|
||
<quantity id="D9579B267756FFE4FDBBF9A4FDDA7A9E" box="[544,581,1655,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
middle. Meso- and metanota subequal in width. Mesonotum bearing 3 pairs of setae on antero-lateral portion, 7 pairs on basal portion, and 1 pair in middle. Metanotum bearing 2 pairs of setae on anterolateral portion, 5 pairs on basal portion, and 1 pair in middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FCA0FEC1FCE07D35" box="[827,895,274,295]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs conical, smooth and unsegmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FCD7FEFFFC187D53" box="[844,903,300,321]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FC01FEFFFC627D53" bold="true" box="[922,1021,300,321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Nine-segmented, widest at third and fourth segments, slightly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, first to eighth segments each usually with 2 setae, of which 1 is short, and 5 pairs of short setae centrally. Urogomphi short, with several setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FC2AFE62FC747DD4" box="[945,1003,433,454]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[272,1051,178,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Laius asahinai. 2) First instar, dorsal view; 3) First instar, ventral view; 4) Second instar, dorsal view;" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56B565487756FFE6FD40FE1FFEA1784A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FD40FE1FFCBE7F17" blockId="1.[707,1194,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FD40FE1FFCA17DF3" bold="true" box="[731,830,460,481]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<tableCitation id="532D03787756FFE4FCD0FE1FFC057DF3" box="[843,922,460,481]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[197,245,193,212]" captionText="Table 1. Morphological changes from completion of dorsal closure to mature larva of Laius asahinai." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
summarizes the morphological changes from completion of dorsal closure to larval maturation of
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FC0EFDD3FB9B7E07" box="[917,1028,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407756FFE4FC0EFDD3FB9E7E07" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[917,1025,512,533]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">L. asahinai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
At about 10 days after oviposition, the embryo of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407756FFE4FB99FDC8FBEE7E22" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[1026,1137,539,560]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FB99FDC8FBEE7E22" box="[1026,1137,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">L. asahinai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
completes dorsal closure. At this time, the tracheal system is formed. The larval cuticle, head capsule, and mandibles are unsclerotized and unpigmented. The antennae, maxillary palpi, labial palpi, and legs are unsegmented, and the labium is undivided and unpigmented. Yolk remains in the embryo which is covered with an embryonic cuticle (ec) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FD51FD23FC8A7F17" box="[714,789,752,773]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FD40FCD9FC527FE6" blockId="1.[707,1194,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Hatching begins about one day after dorsal closure. The first instar ruptures and removes the thin chorion using egg bursters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86942A467756FFE4FC4BFC93FB947F47" box="[976,1035,832,853]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[175,215,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,191,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[151,1172,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 8–16. Laius asahinai. 8) Egg hatch; 9) First instar, lateral view; 10) First instar, ventral view; 11) Head of first instar, dorsal view; 12) First instar, abdominal apex; 13) First instar, tracheal system; 14) First instar, egg burster; 15) Embryonic cuticle; 16) Second instar, in situ. eb = egg burster, ec = embryonic cuticle, ep = esophagus, pd = proctodeum, tc = trachea." pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larvae are inactive and nonfeeding, and remain at the site of hatching for one day. The embryonic cuticle disappears after hatching. Form of the first instar is identical to that of the embryo at completion of dorsal closure except for the existence of egg bursters and cephalic setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FD40FC29FC2F7921" blockId="1.[707,1194,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">About one day after hatching, the first larval molt begins. The second instar is also inactive and non-feeding, with non-functioning mouthparts and legs. Morphological changes from the first to second instar are number of body setae increased, antennae segmented, maxillary and labial palpi 1-segmented, hypopharynx hidden behind labium, frontal arm and epicranial stem distinct, egg bursters absent, and urogomphi formed. However, other areas, such as the mouthparts and legs, remain incompletely developed compared with later larval morphs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FD40FAEBFBD67A2E" blockId="1.[707,1194,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">About four days after the first larval molt, the second larval molt begins. The third instar is immediately active, able to walk in search of prey. Morphological changes from the second to third instar are head capsule and urogomphi sclerotized and pigmented, other body parts pigmented, setae visible over entire body, legs segmented, mouthparts developed, and number of stemmata decreases from five to four. Normal larval morphogenesis was completed at this instar.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37756FFE4FD40F991FB367AD3" blockId="1.[707,1194,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407756FFE4FD40F991FCF67A45" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[731,873,1602,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17756FFE4FD40F991FCF67A45" box="[731,873,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="41">Laius asahinai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupates at least after the seventh larval molt, with the last instar being 10 times larger than the first. There are normally three to five instars in the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407756FFE4FC5CF941FD657AD3" authority="(Lawrence 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera (Lawrence 1991)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus, the observance of eight instars in
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AD0664B7755FFE7FF34F945FB0B7ABB" box="[175,1172,1685,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" startId="2.[175,215,1686,1705]" targetBox="[303,1051,193,1668]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37755FFE7FF34F945FB0B7ABB" blockId="2.[151,1172,1685,1729]" box="[175,1172,1685,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17755FFE7FF34F945FE947ABB" bold="true" box="[175,267,1685,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figs. 2–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407755FFE7FEBBF946FE007ABA" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[288,415,1685,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17755FFE7FEBBF946FE007ABA" box="[288,415,1685,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Laius asahinai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17755FFE7FE30F945FE217ABB" bold="true" box="[427,446,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">2)</emphasis>
|
||
First instar, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17755FFE7FD00F945FD317ABB" bold="true" box="[667,686,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">3)</emphasis>
|
||
First instar, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17755FFE7FC09F945FC3A7ABB" bold="true" box="[914,933,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Second instar, dorsal view;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37755FFE7FF0CF97DFD497AD3" blockId="2.[151,1172,1685,1729]" box="[151,726,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17755FFE7FF0CF97DFF347AD3" bold="true" box="[151,171,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Second instar, lateral view. eb = egg burster. Scale =
|
||
<quantity id="D9579B267755FFE7FD17F97DFD4D7AD3" box="[652,722,1710,1729]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37754FFE6FE48FFACFB367C80" blockId="3.[467,1193,127,146]" box="[467,1193,127,146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 67(1), 2013 43</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AD0664B7754FFE6FF5EFDA0FCF97E8C" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" startId="3.[197,237,627,646]" targetBox="[172,1193,183,604]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37754FFE6FF5EFDA0FCF97E8C" blockId="3.[173,1194,627,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17754FFE6FF5EFDA0FEBF7E94" bold="true" box="[197,288,627,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs. 6–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407754FFE6FEAEFDA0FE257E94" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[309,442,627,646]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17754FFE6FEAEFDA0FE257E94" box="[309,442,627,646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Laius asahinai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, head.
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17754FFE6FD9BFDA0FD8B7E94" bold="true" box="[512,532,627,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">6)</emphasis>
|
||
First instar, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17754FFE6FC90FDA0FC807E94" bold="true" box="[779,799,627,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">7)</emphasis>
|
||
Second instar, ventral view. an = antenna, hp = hypopharynx, md = mandible, mp = maxillary palp. Scale = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37754FFE6FF36FD3AFDBB7F5C" blockId="3.[173,660,745,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
|
||
this species is deemed exceptional among beetles. Supernumerary instars (
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17754FFE6FE38FCD0FE5F7F0A" box="[419,448,771,792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
., a ninth instar) are known in some species of the related family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407754FFE6FF36FCEAFDBF7F5C" authority="(Estrada and Jaime 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Estrada and Jaime" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[173,544,825,846]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Melyridae (Estrada and Jaime 1997)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1036C37754FFE6FF5EFC80FEA1784A" blockId="3.[173,660,745,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407754FFE6FF79FC80FECE7F7A" baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[226,337,851,872]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, morphogenesis, including segmentation of mouthparts and legs and formation of setae and urogomphi, usually occurs during the latter part of the egg stage, from dorsal closure through hatching. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9AF4D407754FFE6FE71FC6EFDC47FC0" authorityName="Nakane" authorityYear="1955" box="[490,603,957,978]" class="Insecta" family="Melyridae" genus="Laius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CDBEAD17754FFE6FE71FC6EFDC47FC0" box="[490,603,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. asahinai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphogenesis continues into the larval stage, reaching completion at the third instar. We suggest that the unique growth process is the result of interrupted morphogenesis some time after completion of dorsal closure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |