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<mods:title id="33C494D431E25DD8A8A4C7A86EC1986C">Phylogeny and revision of Leucaltis and Leucettusa (Porifera: Calcarea), with new classification proposals and description of a new type of aquiferous system</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F083198FB81FD51FBF0" ID-CoL="6Q4C7" ID-ENA="196264" authority="HAECKEL, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[239,666,1070,1095]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
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, 1872
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(
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F08302BFBFBFE6CFBD9" box="[348,423,1109,1134]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
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4
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,
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;
<tableCitation id="C6F5034CFFB97F0830B9FBFBFDE6FBD9" box="[462,557,1109,1134]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="11.[164,228,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 1. Spicule measurements of Leucaltis clathria" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
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1
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)
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Synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F083056FB23FE20FB15" box="[289,491,1165,1186]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Artynas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">Artynas clathria</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F08337DFB23FD3FFB14" author="Haeckel E" box="[522,756,1165,1187]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" refId="ref31452" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die KalkschMamme. Eine monographie, Vols 1 - 3. Berlin: Reimer." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 159</bibRefCitation>
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F0831E6FB02FEB3FB76" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[145,376,1196,1217]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">Leucaltis clathria</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F0830EAFB02FD5DFB75" author="Haeckel E" box="[413,662,1196,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" refId="ref31452" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die KalkschMamme. Eine monographie, Vols 1 - 3. Berlin: Reimer." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 159</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F083070FB65FE28FB57" author="Burton M" box="[263,483,1226,1248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" refId="ref30578" refString="Burton M. 1963. A reVision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London: British Museum (Natural History)." type="book" year="1963">Burton, 1963: 598</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F083086FB64FEDFFB49" author="Borojevic R &amp; Peixinho S" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="988 - 1036" refId="ref30255" refString="Borojevic R, Peixinho S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nordnord-est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum National d´Histoire Naturelle, 3 402: 988 - 1036." type="journal article" year="1976">Borojević &amp; Peixinho, 1976: 1002</bibRefCitation>
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Borojević
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F0830ECFB44FE1CFB49" box="[411,471,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002: 1148
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F08330FFB47FE98FAAA" author="Dohrmann M &amp; Voigt O &amp; Erpenbeck D &amp; Worheide G" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="830 - 843" refId="ref31192" refString="Dohrmann M, Voigt O, Erpenbeck D, Worheide G. 2006. Non-monophyly of most supraspecific taxa of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) revealed by increased taxon sampling and partitioned Bayesian analysis of ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and EVolution 40: 830 - 843." type="journal article" year="2006">
Dohrmann
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F0833F9FAA6FEEFFA8B" author="Lanna E &amp; Cavalcanti FF &amp; Cardoso L &amp; Muricy G &amp; Klautau M" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref32290" refString="Lanna E, Cavalcanti FF, Cardoso L, Muricy G, Klautau M. 2009. Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F0831BDFA0CFE13FA00" author="Lopes MV &amp; Condor-Lujan B &amp; Azevedo F &amp; Perez T &amp; Klautau M" box="[202,472,1441,1463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="56 - 70" refId="ref32489" refString="Lopes MV, Condor-Lujan B, Azevedo F, Perez T, Klautau M. 2018 a. A new genus of calcareous sponge discovered in the Caribbean Sea: Bidderia gen. nov. (Porifera, Calcarea, Calcinea). Zootaxa 4526: 56 - 70." type="journal article" year="2018">
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, 2018a: 59
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F083093FA0FFDACFA01" author="Lopes MV &amp; Padua A &amp; Condor-Lujan B &amp; Klautau M" box="[484,615,1441,1463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="127 - 150" refId="ref32539" refString="Lopes MV, Padua A, Condor-Lujan B, Klautau M. 2018 b. Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Florida: new species, new records and biogeographical affinities. Zootaxa 4526: 127 - 150." type="journal article" year="2018">2018b: 139</bibRefCitation>
;
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F083303FA0CFD6BFA00" box="[628,672,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">non</emphasis>
Dendy, 1913: 16;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F08307AFA6EFE2DFA62" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1883" box="[269,486,1472,1493]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F08307AFA6EFE2DFA62" box="[269,486,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Leucetta clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F08337EFA6EFD38FA62" author="Polejaeff N" box="[521,755,1472,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883: 29</bibRefCitation>
;
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F0831E6FA71FE2EFA44" box="[145,485,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F0831E6FA71FEFDFA43" box="[145,310,1503,1524]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Heteropegma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Heteropegma</taxonomicName>
nodus gordii
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F08337CFA70FD32FA43" author="Polejaeff N" box="[523,761,1502,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883: 45</bibRefCitation>
(in part,
<collectingCountry id="F3607667FFB97F08307FFA53FEB7F9A4" box="[264,380,1533,1555]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
material only);
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F083323FA50FE8EF986" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F083323FA50FEE5F986" authorityName="Poléjaeff" authorityYear="1883" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Heteropegma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodus-gordii">Heteropegma nodus-gordii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F083038F9B2FD81F986" author="Hanitsch R" box="[335,586,1564,1586]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="205 - 219" refId="ref31472" refString="Hanitsch R. 1895. Notes on a collection of sponges from the west coast of Portugal. Transactions of the LiVerpool Biological Society 9: 205 - 219." type="journal article" year="1895">Hanitsch, 1895: 209</bibRefCitation>
;
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F08332EF9B2FEF7F9E7" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F08332EF9B2FEEEF9F8" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Amphoriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">Amphoriscus nodusgordii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F083031F994FDFEF9E7" author="Breitfuss LL" box="[326,565,1594,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref30465" refString="Breitfuss LL. 1898. Kalkschwammfauna der Westkuste Portugals. Zoologische Jahrburger Abteilung fur Systematik 11: 89 - 102." type="journal article" year="1898">Breitfuss, 1898: 90</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFB97F083333F994FD29F9E7" box="[580,738,1594,1616]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F083333F994FD7EF9F8" box="[580,693,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Leucaltis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFB97F0831E6F9F7FE7CF9D8" author="Thacker RW &amp; Hill AL &amp; Hill MS &amp; Redmond NE &amp; Collins AG &amp; Morrow CC &amp; Spicer L &amp; Carmack CA &amp; Zappe ME &amp; Pohlmann D &amp; Hall C &amp; Diaz M-C &amp; Bangalore PV" box="[145,439,1625,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" pagination="373 - 387" refId="ref33585" refString="Thacker RW, Hill AL, Hill MS, Redmond NE, Collins AG, Morrow CC, Spicer L, Carmack CA, Zappe ME, Pohlmann D, Hall C, Diaz M-C, Bangalore PV. 2013. Nearly complete 28 S rRNA gene sequences confirm new hypotheses of sponge evolution. IntegratiVe and ComparatiVe Biology 53: 373 - 387." type="journal article" year="2013">
Thacker
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F08318DF9F4FEFFF9D9" box="[250,308,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013: 385
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFB97F0831E6F908FDBFF94F" blockId="8.[145,761,1701,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F0831E6F908FEF6F90C" box="[145,317,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Type specimen:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CAAFFB97F08303EF908FDBBF94F" collectionCode="MNHN, LBIM" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" specimenCode="C 1968.667, BMNH 1956.4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Fragment (
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F0830BDF90BFD3AF90D" box="[458,753,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<collectionCode id="ED66AE32FFB97F0830BDF90BFDE9F90D" box="[458,546,1701,1722]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">MNHN</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED66AE32FFB97F083352F90BFDA0F90D" box="[549,619,1701,1722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">LBIM</collectionCode>
.
<specimenCode id="DBD19E8CFFB97F083318F90BFD3AF90D" box="[623,753,1701,1722]" collectionCode="LBIM" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">C 1968.667</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
) and slides (
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F083078F96AFE3DF96E" box="[271,502,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<specimenCode id="DBD19E8CFFB97F083078F96AFE7FF96E" box="[271,436,1732,1753]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">BMNH 1956.4</specimenCode>
.26.42
</emphasis>
) of Haeckels specimen used in the original description (
<typeStatus id="54CC8855FFB97F083374F94CFDA2F94F" box="[515,617,1762,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFB97F0831E6F881FD3EF8D4" blockId="8.[145,760,1837,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CAAFFB97F0831E6F881FD3EF8D4" country="United States of America" latitude="27.9" location="Florida" longLatPrecision="1234" longitude="-80.01667" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F0831E6F881FEEFF8F4" box="[145,292,1838,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<typeStatus id="54CC8855FFB97F0831E6F881FF0DF8F3" box="[145,198,1839,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49B3F815FFB97F083058F880FE48F8F3" box="[303,387,1838,1860]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3607667FFB97F0830FAF880FD6EF8F3" box="[397,677,1838,1860]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">United States of America</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE435030FFB97F0833C5F880FF6EF8D4" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" precision="925" value="27.9">27°54ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE435030FFB97F0831C7F8E3FED3F8D4" box="[176,280,1868,1891]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="699" precision="925" value="-80.01667">80°01ʹ W</geoCoordinate>
; inaccurate coordinates). Floridian ecoregion.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFB97F08325EFF68FB4BFD72" blockId="8.[809,1425,197,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F08325EFF68FC72FF6C" box="[809,953,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Description:</emphasis>
Sponge body tubular and repent with some anastomosis (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F083561FF4AFB44FF4E" box="[1046,1167,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
). The anastomosis is variable; it can be loose and sparse or dense, with tubes closely attached to each other. Tubes are mostly cylindrical, but commonly compressed in few parts, giving the body a folded appearance. Consistency harsh to the touch, relatively firm and friable. Colour white or pink in life and white, beige to light brown or pink after fixation (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F0832BAFE14FBF5FE67" box="[973,1086,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
). Outer surface smooth. Body wall thin (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F0832D1FE77FC30FE59" box="[934,1019,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Atrial cavity wide and spacious. Atrial surface slightly hispid due to the apical actines of cortical and atrial tetractines. Oscula are few, simple circular apertures without ornamentation (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F083246FDFAFC4EFDDE" box="[817,901,595,618]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[145,223,1064,1086]" captionTargetBox="[217,1352,199,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-443@10.[213,1357,195,1035]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 6942). A, cortical triactine. B, cortical tetractine. C, regular choanosomal triactine. D, regular choanosomal tetractine. E, sagittal atrial triactine. F, sagittal atrial tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). The aquiferous system represents the new
<typeStatus id="54CC8855FFB97F08325EFDDDFC94FD3F" box="[809,863,627,648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">type</typeStatus>
, kladonoid, with choanocyte chambers mostly elongated and ramified, commonly these ramifications fuse with each other (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F083568FD1EFBBBFD72" box="[1055,1136,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFB97F08325EFD40FBE9FB81" blockId="8.[809,1425,750,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFB97F08325EFD40FC51FCB4" box="[809,922,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Skeleton:</emphasis>
The oscular margin has a transitional skeleton comprised of large sagittal triactines and tetractines, gradually becoming regular as the body wall thickens. Cortical skeleton well developed, with several layers of tangential triactines and tetractines (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F083246FC26FC4DFC2A" box="[817,902,904,926]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal skeleton reduced, with many regular triactines and tetractines sparse around the canals (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F0832F5FC6BFC1FFC6D" box="[898,980,965,987]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Excurrent canals and atrial skeleton comprised of sagittal triactines and tetractines, lying tangentially, with the apical actines pointing into the atrial cavity (
<figureCitation id="134C2A72FFB97F0832B4FB8FFBD9FB81" box="[963,1042,1057,1079]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1573,1595]" captionTargetBox="[235,1370,199,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-114@9.[231,1375,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Leucaltis clathria (A, B, UFRJPOR 6942; CF, holotype BMNH 1956.4.26.42). A, specimen in situ, Panama, Caribbean Sea (Photo: M.-C. Díaz). B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of the skeleton. D, tangential section of the cortical surface. E, detail of the choanosomal skeleton with regular spicules. F, tangential section of the atrial surface with sagittal spicules. (*) highlights the apical actine of a sagittal tetractine." pageId="8" pageNumber="699">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>