324 lines
36 KiB
XML
324 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C6AB2A468A1769F2DE9C33E1C31D2E11">One new genus and three new species of the Penenirmus-complex (Phthiraptera Ischnocera) from China, with resurrection of Picophilopterus Ansari, 1947</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B29F72094FD96FF1A" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,612,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pici">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29F72094FE7BFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,393,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picophilopterus pici</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B28F82094FDAEFF1A" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[408,604,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="570 - 571" refId="ref11013" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Pediculus. In: Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft & Storch, Hafniae, pp. 570 - 571." type="book chapter" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557C9DF6AEE0B2B0C2094FD17FF19" box="[620,741,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29F720B8FED5FF7E" blockId="9.[151,741,151,213]" box="[151,295,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13392A25DF6AEE0B29FF20B8FF1AFF7E" box="[159,232,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[242,1338,185,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[234,1354,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3–4. Male head, dorsal and ventral views. 3, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp. 4, Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior. Abbreviations: ads—anterior dorsal seta; as1–3—anterior setae 1–3; avs3—anterior ventral seta 3; mts1–3—marginal temporal setae 1–3; pns—postnodal seta; s3–4—sensilla 3–4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826898/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13392A25DF6AEE0B299420B8FEEDFF7E" box="[244,287,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,195,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[169,1419,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Genitalia. 5, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., dorsal view. 6, male Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. 7, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, dorsal view. 8, male Picophilopterus pici (Fabricius, 1798) sensu lato ex Picus canus sordidior, ventral view. 9, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, Picophilopterus blythipici n. sp., ventral view. Abbreviations: pst1–2—parameral setae 1–2; VH—ventral horns of endomere." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826900/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">8–9</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B29F72103FDF0FEBC" authority="Fabricius, 1798: 571" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="571" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,514,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Pediculidae" genus="Pediculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29F72103FED5FEBC" box="[151,295,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pediculus pici</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B284E2103FDF0FEBC" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[302,514,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="570 - 571" refId="ref11013" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Pediculus. In: Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft & Storch, Hafniae, pp. 570 - 571." type="book chapter" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798: 571</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29F7211DFDA9FE9D" blockId="9.[151,816,255,402]" box="[151,603,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B1DF6AEE0B29F7211DFDA5FE9D" author="Burmeister, H." box="[151,599,286,310]" page="427" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1838">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B29F7211DFDA5FE9D" ID-CoL="3739F" authority="Burmeister, 1838: 427" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="427" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,599,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Docophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29F7211DFE99FE9D" box="[151,363,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Docophorus scalaris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B2811211DFDA5FE9D" author="Burmeister, H." box="[369,599,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref9973" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Mallophaga. In: Handbuch der Entomologie. 2 (1). Enslin, Berlin, pp. 418 - 443." type="journal article" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838: 427</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29F7213EFDBAFEFE" blockId="9.[151,816,255,402]" box="[151,584,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310B1DF6AEE0B29F7213EFDB6FEFE" author="Ansari, R. A. M." box="[151,580,317,341]" page="265" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1947">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B29F7213EFDB6FEFE" ID-CoL="4HQFR" authority="Ansari, 1947: 265" authorityName="Ansari" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,580,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuktola">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29F7213EFE77FEFE" box="[151,389,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picophilopterus tuktola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B28EB213EFDB6FEFE" author="Ansari, R. A. M." box="[395,580,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="253 - 303" refId="ref9902" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1947) Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, India, 13, 253 - 303." type="journal article" year="1947">Ansari, 1947: 265</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29F7215FFCC2FEDF" blockId="9.[151,816,255,402]" box="[151,816,348,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B29F7215FFDF8FEDF" ID-CoL="8NJHJ" authority="Mey" authorityName="Mey" box="[151,522,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sitzendorfensis">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29F7215FFE24FEDF" box="[151,470,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picophilopterus sitzendorfensis</emphasis>
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Mey
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</taxonomicName>
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[in Złotorzycka], 1980: 129.
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<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29F72178FD2DFE39" blockId="9.[151,816,255,402]" box="[151,735,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B29F72178FE07FE39" ID-CoL="76H5G" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[151,501,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29F72178FECFFE39" box="[151,317,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Penenirmus pici</emphasis>
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(
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)
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B289F2179FD29FE39" author="Price, R. D. & Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. & Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H." box="[511,731,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refId="ref12175" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. Illinois NHS, Champaign, Illinois, x + 501 pp." type="book" year="2003">
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Price
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<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2B592178FD9EFE39" box="[569,620,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
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2003: 210
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host:
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|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B287B21C2FDABFE70" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[283,601,448,475]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B287B21C2FE5AFE71" box="[283,424,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picus viridis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—green woodpecker (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2A3421C3FC5FFE70" box="[852,941,448,475]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Picidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29A721E6FB89FE54" blockId="9.[151,1437,448,1195]" box="[199,1147,484,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29A721E6FE94FE55" bold="true" box="[199,358,484,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6A3CFDDF6AEE0B280C21E7FB84FE54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427662308" box="[364,1142,484,511]" country="Estonia" location="Estonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157630DF6AEE0B280C21E7FE32FE55" box="[364,448,484,510]" name="Estonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
—following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B2B3021E7FCABFE54" author="Clay, T. & Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[592,857,484,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref10363" refString="Clay, T. & Hopkins, G. H. E. (1960) The early literature on Mallophaga (Part IV, 1787 - 1818). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 9, 1 - 61, 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27551" type="journal article" year="1960">Clay & Hopkins (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B98802DF6AEE0B2D7A21E6FB84FE54" box="[1050,1142,485,511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29A7220BFB9EFD88" blockId="9.[151,1437,448,1195]" box="[199,1132,520,547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29A7220BFEA9FD88" bold="true" box="[199,347,520,547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Other hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
25 species and subspecies of woodpeckers (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2A2C220BFC57FD88" box="[844,933,520,547]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Picidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); see Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF6AEE0B29A7222EFAC2FDEC" box="[199,1328,556,583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29A7222EFAC2FDEC" blockId="9.[151,1437,448,1195]" box="[199,1328,556,583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29A7222EFE85FDED" bold="true" box="[199,375,556,583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Host in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157630DF6AEE0B2845222FFE80FDED" box="[293,370,556,582]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B281E222EFCD3FDEC" authority="(Rippon, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Rippon" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[382,801,556,583]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="canus" subSpecies="sordidior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B281E222EFD81FDED" box="[382,627,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picus canus sordidior</emphasis>
|
||
(Rippon, 1906)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—gray-headed woodpecker:
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2D0A222EFADBFDEC" bold="true" box="[1130,1321,557,583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">new host record</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF6AEE0B29A72253FBD2FD24" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29A72253FBD2FD24" blockId="9.[151,1437,448,1195]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29A72253FE43FDC1" bold="true" box="[199,433,592,618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6A3CFDDF6AEE0B28D72252FBEEFD24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427662304" collectingDate="2013-01-08" collectionCode="IZGAS" collectorName="Y. Wu & Y. Zhang" country="China" county="Ruili County" elevation="991" location="Wudiancun" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D04FD29DF6AEE0B28D72252FE29FDC0" box="[439,475,593,619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D04FD29DF6AEE0B28872252FDF8FDC0" box="[487,522,593,619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 nymphs,
|
||
<location id="8EDD607BDF6AEE0B2BEF2253FCE0FDC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB87B6DF6AEE0B29F72094FAACFB01:8EDD607BDF6AEE0B2BEF2253FCE0FDC1" box="[655,786,592,618]" country="China" county="Ruili County" name="Wudiancun" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" stateProvince="Yunnan">Wudiancun</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA9B45DF6AEE0B2A352252FC11FDC0" box="[853,995,593,619]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.915" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="9.03" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="m" value="991.5" valueMax="1080.0" valueMin="903.0">
|
||
<elevation id="002FD193DF6AEE0B2A352252FC11FDC0" box="[853,995,593,619]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.915" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="9.03" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="m" value="991.5" valueMax="1080.0" valueMin="903.0">903–1080 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62DC4E2CDF6AEE0B2A8D2253FB8DFDC0" box="[1005,1151,592,619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Ruili County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C6F842DF6AEE0B2DE72252FABAFDC1" box="[1159,1352,592,619]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157630DF6AEE0B2C322253FA6AFDC1" box="[1362,1432,592,618]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFBC1060DF6AEE0B29F72276FEE9FD24" box="[151,283,629,655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2013-01-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF8E988DF6AEE0B29F72276FEE9FD24" box="[151,283,629,655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2013-01-08">8 Jan. 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26F75376DF6AEE0B28442276FE98FD24" box="[292,362,629,655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Y. Wu</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26F75376DF6AEE0B28ED2276FE07FD25" box="[397,501,628,655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Y. Zhang</collectorName>
|
||
, bird J-0681, GD-PHTH-00119–00122 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED13AE65DF6AEE0B2ADB2276FBE6FD24" box="[955,1044,629,655]" country="Georgia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahe1-tsbj" name="Georgian Academy of Sciences, Insititute of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">IZGAS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318652BDF6AEE0B29A7229AFAACFB01" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29A7229AFBBEFC21" blockId="9.[151,1437,448,1195]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B29A7229AFEC9FD18" bold="true" box="[199,315,665,691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was previously recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3157630DF6AEE0B2A50229BFC81FD19" box="[816,883,664,690]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B2AFF229BFB97FD18" author="Chu, X. & Dik, B. & Gustafsson, D. R. & Che, X. & Zhang, Q. & Zou, F." box="[927,1125,664,691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="334 - 344" refId="ref10281" refString="Chu, X., Dik, B., Gustafsson, D. R., Che, X., Zhang, Q. & Zou, F. (2019) The influence of host body size and food guild on prevalence and mean intensity of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) on birds in Southern China. Journal of Parasitology, 105, 334 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 17 - 137" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Chu
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2AB6229AFBE2FD19" box="[982,1040,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and this report is based on the same specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B28E522BFFD9BFD7D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[389,617,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B28E522BFFD9BFD7D" box="[389,617,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picophilopterus pici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from at least 16 host species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B2DEF22BFFABCFD7C" author="Price, R. D. & Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. & Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H." box="[1167,1358,700,727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refId="ref12175" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. Illinois NHS, Champaign, Illinois, x + 501 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Price
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2DB222BEFAF6FD7D" box="[1234,1284,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is unclear whether all louse populations are conspecific. As we show above, at least the population from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2C7E22E3FEADFCB5" baseAuthorityName="Rickett" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Blythipicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhotis" subSpecies="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2C7E22E3FEADFCB5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Blythipicus pyrrhotis sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2B102306FD45FCB5" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[624,695,773,798]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2B102306FD45FCB5" box="[624,695,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. pici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B2AEA2307FBBAFCB4" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[906,1096,772,799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="139 - 146" refId="ref10653" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1971) The Brueelia (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 79, 139 - 146." type="journal article" year="1971">Dalgleish (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2DA32307FECAFCE8" authority="(Denny, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Denny" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2DA32307FA6EFCB5" box="[1219,1436,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Brueelia straminea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B29FF232AFEC2FCE8" author="Denny, H." box="[159,304,809,835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refId="ref10731" refString="Denny, H. (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or, an essay on the British species of parasitic insects belonging to the order of Anoplura of Leach, with the modern divisions of the genera according to the views of Leach, Nitzsch, and Burmeister, with highly magnified figures of each species. Henry G. Bohn, London, xxiv + 262 pp., 26 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 137104" type="book" year="1842">Denny, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a large number of dissimilar species, many of which are not closely related to each other (Gustafsson & Bush,
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2999234EFEBDFCCD" box="[249,335,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">in prep.</emphasis>
|
||
), we suspect that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B2B74234FFD22FCCC" author="Dalgleish, R. C." box="[532,720,844,871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="83 - 104" refId="ref10692" refString="Dalgleish, R. C. (1972) The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80, 83 - 104." type="journal article" year="1972">Dalgleish (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
overestimated the similarities among populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2C7B234EFA92FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1307,1376,845,870]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2C7B234EFA92FCCD" box="[1307,1376,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. pici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different hosts, and that some of these populations may prove to be different species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD36A0DF6AEE0B29A72397FAACFB01" blockId="9.[151,1437,448,1195]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
The phylogeny of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B51DF6AEE0B28F82397FD73FC04" author="Johnson, K. P. & Weckstein, J. D. & Virrueta-Herrera, S. & Dona, J." box="[408,641,916,943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref11614" refString="Johnson, K. P., Weckstein, J. D., Virrueta-Herrera, S. & Dona, J. (2021) The interplay between host biogeography and phylogeny in structuring diversification of the feather louse genus Penenirmus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 165 (107297), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2021.107297" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Johnson
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B289B2396FDDFFC05" box="[507,557,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig 1) includes only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D04FD29DF6AEE0B2A112396FBFEFC05" box="[881,1036,916,943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2D522396FB8BFC05" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1074,1145,917,942]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2D522396FB8BFC05" box="[1074,1145,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. pici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2DDF2396FAB4FC05" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1865" box="[1215,1350,917,942]" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2DDF2396FAB4FC05" box="[1215,1350,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picus canus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nested within a large clade of species mostly named as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2BA623BAFCC0FC79" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[710,818,953,978]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2BA623BAFCC0FC79" box="[710,818,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; hence, genetic variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2DCC23BAFB06FC79" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1196,1268,953,978]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2DCC23BAFB06FC79" box="[1196,1268,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. pici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different hosts is unknown. However, several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2BA523DEFCDDFC5D" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[709,815,989,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Penenirmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2BA523DEFCDDFC5D" box="[709,815,989,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">P. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the same phylogeny indicate that this nominal species may represent a number of different taxa. A thorough morphological revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2DEB2403FACCFBB1" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1947" box="[1163,1342,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2DEB2403FACCFBB1" box="[1163,1342,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picophilopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all woodpeckers is needed to ascertain the true number of different species currently included under these two species names. As an example, here we provide illustrations of the head and male genitalia of lice from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2DA0244AFF4AFB2D" baseAuthorityName="Rippon" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Aves" family="Picidae" genus="Picus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="canus" subSpecies="sordidior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2DA0244AFF4AFB2D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Picus canus sordidior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may prove to be a different species from
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2BB2246EFC5AFB2D" box="[722,936,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C024D23DF6AEE0B2BB2246EFCE4FB2D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[722,790,1133,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Picophilopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="pici">P. pici</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24557C9DF6AEE0B2A7C246EFC5AFB2D" box="[796,936,1133,1158]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Note that
|
||
<emphasis id="B976EAB2DF6AEE0B2D41246EFB99FB2C" box="[1057,1131,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">pst1–2</emphasis>
|
||
are not visible in examined specimens, and are not illustrated; the absence of these setae would need to be confirmed in other specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |