675 lines
76 KiB
XML
675 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="571C1ED9CD2B6B1F5B2A67FF435C08D1" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12223" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5335115" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630178213311" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goodman, Steven M., Rakotondramanana, Claude Fabienne, Ramasindrazana, Beza, Kearney, Teresa, Monadjem, Ara, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Taylor, Peter J., Naughton, Kate & Appleton, Belinda" docDate="2015" docId="03A1986E5A375112FF25FF52166C6BA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12223.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/zoj.12223" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pipistrellus raceyi Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1008" masterDocId="FF98E0165A245106FFF0FF9412166D74" masterDocTitle="An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo" masterLastPageNumber="1018" masterPageNumber="988" pageNumber="1007" updateTime="1699176056822" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="52E4C2096E1574C6CB7EA0C5B176BFFC">An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7E9D07531FDF04FEA2CC7DCECED9025">Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F09C6B56E12E92B0406016DA02E519A">Rakotondramanana, Claude Fabienne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39FE82AB7326A032C530D323D57499FF">Ramasindrazana, Beza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15B1E029562008CD49F0B135E72022BA">Monadjem, Ara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42EF8978E09B24BEE43F6EF48860C150">Schoeman, M. Corrie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EA0B3F45492B1E355847BDCC51642C87">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F05E22548DD76579E42D18C8AD53937E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48B0B8494E4DAC1E5ABCD94DAFA97FCB">2015-04-30</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3127AF35A375115FF25FF5213756C76" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FF25FF5210A76DA8" blockId="19.[213,689,198,220]" box="[213,689,198,220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
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<heading id="D0FF9E145A375115FF25FF5210A76DA8" box="[213,689,198,220]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF25FF5213DD6DAE" ID-CoL="4J6LK" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[213,459,198,219]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF25FF5213DD6DAE" box="[213,459,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">PIPISTRELLUS RACEYI</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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BATES
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FDD4FF5E10746DAE" box="[548,610,202,218]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">ET AL</emphasis>
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., 2006
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FF60FF7813756C76" blockId="19.[144,759,236,442]" box="[144,355,236,258]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FF7813756C76" box="[144,355,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Molecular genetics</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3127AF35A375112FF60FE9F166C6BA2" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="1008" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FF60FE9F16526F7A" blockId="19.[144,759,236,442]" lastBlockId="19.[806,1422,198,862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
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This endemic species is known from two distinct portions of
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<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A375115FEF2FEBE138D6C34" box="[258,411,298,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. The samples used in the intraspecific genetic analysis include ten animals from dry deciduous western forests and
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<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A375115FDE2FEF310AD6C09" box="[530,699,359,381]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
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from humid eastern area. The K2P distance within
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FD67FE1210E16CEF" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[663,759,390,411]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD67FE1210B16CEF" box="[663,679,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD45FE1210E16CEF" box="[693,759,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">raceyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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when these lineages were pooled was 0.004 (
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD40FE3110D26CCE" box="[688,708,421,442]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
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= 7,
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A375115FCD6FF5211646DA8" box="[806,882,198,220]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[144,208,1307,1326]" captionText="Table 1. Net mean Kimura 2-Parameter distance between lineages as derived from partial cytochrome b sequences (680 bp) and calculated using MEGA5 (Tamura et al., 2011) for Malagasy vespers of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus. Italicized numbers refer to mean K2P distance within lineages. An asterisk (*) indicates that less than five samples were available from which to derive intraspecific distance. Note that only one sequence was available for Myotis ricketti and, thus, no intraspecific distance could be calculated. See Monadjem et al. (2010) for a definition of Neoromicia cf. melckorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). No haplotypes were shared between the eastern and western populations (
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FBB8FF71164A6D8E" box="[1096,1116,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
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= 17,
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A375115FB50FF7016E46D8F" box="[1184,1266,228,251]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="20.[164,228,198,217]" captionText="Table 9. Intraspecific diversity and divergence for the three most intensively sampled taxa in the genera Hypsugo and Pipistrellus. Numbers in parentheses indicate standard deviation (SD) for estimates of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi). There were no shared haplotypes between the east and west populations of Pipistrellus raceyi (five fixed mutations between lineages) or between the African and Malagasy populations of Pipistrellus hesperidus (22 fixed mutations between lineages)" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Table 9</tableCitation>
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). These populations exhibited a divergence of 0.74% (K2P), reflecting five fixed mutations in the trimmed cytochrome
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FA8FFEB6179B6C43" box="[1407,1421,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">b</emphasis>
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sequences (680 bp). When the full sequence set of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FA86FED5117F6C00" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FA86FED517906C22" box="[1398,1414,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FCD6FECB117F6C00" box="[806,873,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">raceyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was examined (
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FBDAFECB16286C00" box="[1066,1086,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
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= 17,
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A375115FB77FECB16CD6C01" box="[1159,1243,351,373]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="20.[164,228,198,217]" captionText="Table 9. Intraspecific diversity and divergence for the three most intensively sampled taxa in the genera Hypsugo and Pipistrellus. Numbers in parentheses indicate standard deviation (SD) for estimates of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi). There were no shared haplotypes between the east and west populations of Pipistrellus raceyi (five fixed mutations between lineages) or between the African and Malagasy populations of Pipistrellus hesperidus (22 fixed mutations between lineages)" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Table 9</tableCitation>
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), diversity was reasonably high in the western population (Hd 0.722, Pi 0.00287), but was noticeably low in the eastern population (Hd 0.429, Pi 0.00057), which was only represented by two different haplotypes and distinguished by a single base change.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7779F05A375115FF60FE6010316FC3" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" startId="19.[144,207,500,519]">
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FF60FE6010316FC3" blockId="19.[144,759,500,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FE6012FE6F73" bold="true" box="[144,232,500,519]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Table 8.</emphasis>
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Descriptive statistics of baculum total length (TL) measurements in Malagasy vesper bats of the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FDBB12FC6F35" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1856" box="[144,234,559,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FDBB12FC6F35" box="[144,234,559,577]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Hypsugo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF08FDBB13796F35" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1926" box="[248,367,559,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF08FDBB13796F35" box="[248,367,559,577]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Neoromicia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FE5DFDBB10336F36" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[429,549,559,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FE5DFDBB10336F36" box="[429,549,559,578]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with most individuals represented in the molecular genetic portion of this study. For species represented by ≥ 3 individuals, data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), minimum– maximum,
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FEF9FD31130D6FC3" box="[265,283,677,695]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
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= number of individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FCCFFD82160D6E2A" blockId="19.[806,1422,198,862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
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This species is notably divergent from the other
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FCD6FDA111CD6F3F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[806,987,565,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vespertilioninae">Vespertilioninae</taxonomicName>
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samples included in the analysis, specifically members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FB8CFDC716EF6F1C" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1148,1273,595,616]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FB8CFDC716EF6F1C" box="[1148,1273,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and without more extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling, little can be advanced concerning possible sister taxa or the geographical region the ancestral form that colonized
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<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A375115FC9DFD5A11EE6F90" box="[877,1016,718,740]" name="Madagascar" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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was from.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A375115FB8FFD5A17446F90" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[1151,1362,718,740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Bates
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FB3AFD5B16EC6F97" box="[1226,1274,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2006)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
suggested, based on baculum morphology, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FAD9FD79179B6E76" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[1321,1421,749,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FAD9FD79172F6E76" box="[1321,1337,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FABAFD79179B6E76" box="[1354,1421,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be closely related to Asiatic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FB44FC9811496E4B" authority="Imaizumi, 1959" authorityName="Imaizumi" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="endoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FB44FC9816D26E55" box="[1204,1220,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FB23FC9F17066E54" box="[1235,1296,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">endoi</emphasis>
|
||
Imaizumi, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This interesting hypothesis warrants further molecular investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FF60FD4A10FF697D" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<table id="F908DBD85A37AEF9FF60FD4A10E1697D" box="[144,759,734,1033]" gridcols="2" gridrows="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FD4A10E16F85" box="[144,759,734,753]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<th id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FD4A135E6F85" box="[144,328,734,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFD4A10E16F85" box="[573,759,734,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">TL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FC8C10E16E5F" box="[144,759,792,811]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FC8C135E6E5F" box="[144,328,792,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FC8C135E6E5F" authorityName="Peterson, Eger & Mitchell" authorityYear="1995" box="[144,328,792,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FC8C12B46E5E" box="[144,162,792,810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF40FC8C135E6E5F" box="[176,328,792,811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">malagasyensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFC8C10E16E5F" box="[573,759,792,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
2.10, 2.25,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD40FC8C10D46E5E" box="[688,706,792,810]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FCA410E16E30" box="[144,759,816,836]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FCA4135E6E30" box="[144,328,816,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FCA5131E6E37" baseAuthorityName="Thomas & Schwann" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[144,264,816,836]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matroka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FCA512B46E37" box="[144,162,817,835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF40FCA4131E6E37" box="[176,264,816,835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">matroka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFCA410E16E30" box="[573,759,816,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">2.26 ± 0.128</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FCDD10E16E28" box="[144,759,841,860]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FCDD10E16E28" box="[144,759,841,860]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
2.12–2.49,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD5FFCDD10D76E2F" box="[687,705,841,859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FCF510E16E01" box="[144,759,865,885]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FCF5135E6E01" box="[144,328,865,885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FCF613166E00" box="[144,256,865,885]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FCF612B46E00" box="[144,162,866,884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF40FCF513166E00" box="[176,256,865,884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFCF510E16E01" box="[573,759,865,885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
3.12,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD87FCF6109F6E00" box="[631,649,866,884]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FCEE10E16EF9" box="[144,759,890,909]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FCEE135E6EF9" box="[144,328,890,909]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FCEF130B6EF9" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[144,285,890,909]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FCEF12896EF9" box="[144,159,891,909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF5DFCEE130B6EF9" box="[173,285,890,909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFCEE10E16EF9" box="[573,759,890,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">1.73 ± 0.153</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FC0710E16ED2" box="[144,759,915,934]" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FC0710E16ED2" box="[144,759,915,934]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
1.60–2.10,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD5FFC0710D76ED1" box="[687,705,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FC3F10E16ECB" box="[144,759,939,959]" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FC3F135E6ECB" box="[144,328,939,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FC3812FD6ECA" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[144,235,940,959]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FC3812896ECA" box="[144,159,940,958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF5DFC3812FD6ECA" box="[173,235,940,958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(east)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFC3F10E16ECB" box="[573,759,939,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
6.10, 10.00,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD4DFC3810D96ECA" box="[701,719,940,958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FC5010E16EA3" box="[144,759,964,983]" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FC50135E6EA3" box="[144,328,964,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FC5112FD6EA2" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[144,235,964,983]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FC5112896EA3" box="[144,159,965,983]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF5DFC5012FD6EA2" box="[173,235,964,982]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(west)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFC5010E16EA3" box="[573,759,964,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
8.90,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD87FC51109F6EA3" box="[631,649,965,983]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FC4810E16E84" box="[144,759,988,1008]" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FC48135E6E84" box="[144,328,988,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FF60FC4913066E9B" authorityName="Goodman & Rakotondramanana & Ramasindrazana & Kearney & Monadjem & Schoeman & Taylor & Naughton & Appleton" authorityYear="2015" box="[144,272,988,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bemainty">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60FC4912B56E9B" box="[144,163,989,1007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF40FC4813066E9B" box="[176,272,988,1007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">bemainty</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FDCDFC4810E16E84" box="[573,759,988,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">1.70 ± 0.097</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A37AEF9FF60FC6110E1697D" box="[144,759,1013,1033]" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<td id="76E942465A37AEF9FF60FC6110E1697D" box="[144,759,1013,1033]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
1.50–1.79,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD5FFC6210D7697C" box="[687,705,1014,1032]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FCD6FC3111C66ECE" blockId="19.[806,1421,933,1047]" box="[806,976,933,954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FCD6FC3111C66ECE" box="[806,976,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Morphometrics</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FCD6FC5016406963" blockId="19.[806,1421,933,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
Measurements presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A375115FB72FC5016CC6EAD" box="[1154,1242,964,986]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[135,199,414,435]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. Figures in bold are of specimens collected and measured by SMG and those in standard script by a variety of different field collectors. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-test, n.s. = not significant" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Animals from eastern populations are in general larger than those from western populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7779F05A375115FF60F95C173B6A1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5335139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335139/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" startId="19.[144,222,1736,1755]" targetBox="[144,1425,1101,1705]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A375115FF60F95C173B6A1A" blockId="19.[144,1422,1736,1902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FF60F95C12E06BAF" bold="true" box="[144,246,1736,1755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of bacula from two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FC2BF95C16476BAF" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[987,1105,1736,1755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FC2BF95C16476BAF" box="[987,1105,1736,1755]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FB8CF95C17206BAF" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[1148,1334,1736,1755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FB8CF95C17206BAF" box="[1148,1334,1736,1755]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 217886, total length 8.90 mm) from Kirindy Forest (CNFEREF); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FCB6F97111EB6B8C" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[838,1021,1765,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FCB6F97111EB6B8C" box="[838,1021,1765,1784]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 222722, total length 6.10 mm) from near Andasibe; C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FE69F897109D6A62" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[409,651,1795,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FE69F897109D6A62" box="[409,651,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 176094, average total length of four specimens 1.9 mm) from Parc National de Kirindy Mitea (redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A375115FD60F8B4115D6A47" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[656,843,1824,1843]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD24F8B511176A47" box="[724,769,1824,1843]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 10A); D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FC17F8B416CE6A47" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[999,1240,1824,1843]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FC17F8B416CE6A47" box="[999,1240,1824,1843]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 209270, total length 1.90 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FD30F8A911A76A24" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[704,945,1853,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FD30F8A911A76A24" box="[704,945,1853,1872]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 217905, total length 1.70 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; F:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A375115FE68F8CF109C6A1A" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[408,650,1883,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A375115FE68F8CF109C6A1A" box="[408,650,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1007">Pipistrellus hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TM 48624, UP-840, total length 2.18 mm) from South Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7779F05A305112FF54FF5213A56C3A" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" startId="20.[164,228,198,217]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54FF5213A56C3A" blockId="20.[164,1441,198,334]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54FF5212EB6DAD" bold="true" box="[164,253,198,217]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Table 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Intraspecific diversity and divergence for the three most intensively sampled taxa in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FAE7FF5317676DAD" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1856" box="[1303,1393,199,217]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FAE7FF5317676DAD" box="[1303,1393,199,217]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Hypsugo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF54FF7013006D83" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[164,278,228,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54FF7013006D83" box="[164,278,228,247]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numbers in parentheses indicate standard deviation (SD) for estimates of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi). There were no shared haplotypes between the east and west populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FB81FE9517266C67" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[1137,1328,257,276]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FB81FE9517266C67" box="[1137,1328,257,276]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Pipistrellus raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(five fixed mutations between lineages) or between the African and Malagasy populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FBE9FE8A171C6C45" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[1049,1290,286,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FBE9FE8A171C6C45" box="[1049,1290,286,305]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Pipistrellus hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22 fixed mutations between lineages)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54FEE117076F78" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<table id="F908DBD85A30AEF9FF54FEE117B76F51" box="[164,1441,373,549]" gridcols="5" gridrows="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A30AEF9FF54FEE117B76CFC" box="[164,1441,373,392]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FF54FEE113276CFC" box="[164,305,373,392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FE62FEE110786CFC" box="[402,622,373,392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Population</th>
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FD3FFEE111416CFC" box="[719,855,373,392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Hd (SD)</th>
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FC47FEE116646CFC" box="[951,1138,373,392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Pi (SD)</th>
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FB22FEE117B76CFC" box="[1234,1441,373,392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">% divergence (K2P)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A30AEF9FF54FE3B17B76C80" box="[164,1441,431,500]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FF54FE3B13276C80" box="[164,305,431,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF54FE2413326CB6" authorityName="Goodman & Rakotondramanana & Ramasindrazana & Kearney & Monadjem & Schoeman & Taylor & Naughton & Appleton" authorityYear="2015" box="[164,292,431,451]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bemainty">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54FE2412A16CB6" box="[164,183,432,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF34FE3B13326CB6" box="[196,292,431,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">bemainty</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF54FE5C12E96CAE" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[164,255,456,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54FE5C12A56CAE" box="[164,179,456,474]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF31FE5C12E96CAE" box="[193,255,456,474]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FE62FE3B10786C80" box="[402,622,431,500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
n/a* (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE3DFE2413C96CB6" box="[461,479,432,450]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 13) East (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE21FE5C13F56CAE" box="[465,483,456,474]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8) West (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE24FE7513F06C87" box="[468,486,481,499]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FD3FFE3B11416C80" box="[719,855,431,500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">0.962 (0.050) 0.429 (0.028) 0.722 (0.159)</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FC47FE3B16646C80" box="[951,1138,431,500]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">0.00519 (0.00072) 0.00057 (0.00022) 0.00287 (0.00439)</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FB22FE3B17B76C80" box="[1234,1441,431,500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">n/a 0.74%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35382B3A5A30AEF9FF54FE6D17B76F51" box="[164,1441,505,549]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<th id="76E942465A30AEF9FF54FE6D13276F51" box="[164,305,505,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF54FE6E13276F78" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[164,305,505,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54FE6E12A56F78" box="[164,179,506,524]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF31FE6D13276F78" box="[193,305,505,524]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FE62FE6D10786F51" box="[402,622,505,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
Madagascar (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FDD0FE6E10246F78" box="[544,562,506,524]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 28) Africa†
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FD3FFE6D11416F51" box="[719,855,505,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">0.744 (0.078) n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FC47FE6D16646F51" box="[951,1138,505,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">0.00181 (0.00035) n/a</td>
|
||
<td id="76E942465A30AEF9FB22FE6D17B76F51" box="[1234,1441,505,549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">1.89%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54FDD811216F2B" blockId="20.[164,1441,588,666]" box="[164,823,588,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF5FFDD913656F2B" authorityName="Goodman & Rakotondramanana & Ramasindrazana & Kearney & Monadjem & Schoeman & Taylor & Naughton & Appleton" authorityYear="2015" box="[175,371,588,607]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bemainty">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF5FFDD913656F2B" box="[175,371,588,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Hypsugo bemainty</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only sampled as a single population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54FDFD13776FEE" blockId="20.[164,1441,588,666]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
†Only two samples were available from the African population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FCAAFDFD165F6F08" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[858,1097,617,636]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FCAAFDFD165F6F08" box="[858,1097,617,636]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Pipistrellus hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and intraspecific diversity could not be calculated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54FD4813D16F85" blockId="20.[164,779,732,1549]" box="[164,455,732,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54FD4813D16F85" box="[164,455,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Craniodental morphology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54FD6E10296B79" blockId="20.[164,779,732,1549]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
As mentioned under this header for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FD94FD6F11156E7B" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[612,771,762,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD94FD6F10626E64" box="[612,628,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD77FD6E11156E7B" box="[647,771,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, members of this genus occurring on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A305112FDA1FC8D10CA6E5B" box="[593,732,793,815]" name="Madagascar" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
are easily differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FE20FCAC10446E39" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1926" box="[464,594,824,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE20FCAC10446E39" box="[464,594,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Neoromicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on upper toothrow counts. Further,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A305112FE3DFCC2108E6E18" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[461,664,854,876]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FDE4FCC310526E1F" box="[532,580,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have provided a few characters to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FD9FFCE1111D6EFE" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[623,779,885,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD9FFCE110696EFE" box="[623,639,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD61FCE1111D6EFE" box="[657,779,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF12FC0013536EDD" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[226,325,916,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF12FC0012E46EDD" box="[226,242,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FEF2FC0013536EDD" box="[258,325,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other member of the genus occurring on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A305112FF0AFC2613956EBC" box="[250,387,946,968]" name="Madagascar" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (1) the second upper incisor (I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FD24FC2410CA6EC8" attach="left" box="[724,732,944,956]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">3</superScript>
|
||
) ≤½ the length of the first upper incisor (I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FDBCFC5A10426EAE" attach="left" box="[588,596,974,986]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">2</superScript>
|
||
) (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FD7AFC4411146E91" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[650,770,976,997]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD7AFC4411146E91" box="[650,770,976,997]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) vs. I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FF22FC7912CC6E8D" attach="left" box="[210,218,1005,1017]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">3</superScript>
|
||
nearly the length of I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FE36FC7913D86E8D" attach="left" box="[454,462,1005,1017]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">2</superScript>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FE09FC64102E6971" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[505,568,1008,1029]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE09FC64102E6971" box="[505,568,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FD8AFC7910946E8D" attach="left" box="[634,642,1005,1017]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">2</superScript>
|
||
is unicuspid (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF3AFB9A13576957" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[202,321,1038,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF3AFB9A13576957" box="[202,321,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) vs. bicuspid (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FDF1FB9A10556957" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[513,579,1038,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FDF1FB9A10556957" box="[513,579,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and (3) that the first upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FE50FBBE13B16942" attach="left" box="[416,423,1066,1078]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">3</superScript>
|
||
) is notably small (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FD7FFBB811156935" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[655,771,1068,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD7FFBB811156935" box="[655,771,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as compared to large and prominent (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FD69FBDF10C86914" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[665,734,1099,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD69FBDF10C86914" box="[665,734,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A reevaluation of these characters based on the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FEF3FB1D138E69E9" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[259,408,1160,1182]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FEF3FB1D130569EA" box="[259,275,1161,1182]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FED1FB1C138E69E9" box="[289,408,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequenced in this study (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD48FB1D10F469EA" box="[696,738,1161,1182]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">N =</emphasis>
|
||
13) found: characters 1 – consistent in all cases, character 2 – almost uniformly consistent, with the exception of MNHN 1986.1074 with a seemingly bicuspid I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FF5DFA9412A36878" attach="left" box="[173,181,1280,1292]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">2</superScript>
|
||
, character 3 – consistent in all cases, with some variation in size of the P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FE7FFA8B1381685F" attach="left" box="[399,407,1311,1323]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">3</superScript>
|
||
, which was always smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FF32FAD413376821" authorityName="Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[194,289,1344,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF32FAD412C46821" box="[194,210,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF10FAD413376821" box="[224,289,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A305112FEDFFAD413E16822" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[303,503,1344,1366]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE85FAD413B56821" box="[373,419,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that the relative length of I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FEB3FAC8135D681C" attach="left" box="[323,331,1372,1384]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">3</superScript>
|
||
to I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A305112FE86FAC81368681C" attach="left" box="[374,382,1372,1384]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">2</superScript>
|
||
between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FE16FACB10606807" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[486,630,1374,1396]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE16FACB13E06800" box="[486,502,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FDF3FACA10606807" box="[515,630,1374,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FD5DFACB130568E6" baseAuthorityName="Seabra" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD5DFACB130568E6" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Hypsugo anchietae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FECEFAE913C668E6" authority="Goodman & Rakotondramanana & Ramasindrazana & Kearney & Monadjem & Schoeman & Taylor & Naughton & Appleton, 2015" authorityName="Goodman & Rakotondramanana & Ramasindrazana & Kearney & Monadjem & Schoeman & Taylor & Naughton & Appleton" authorityYear="2015" box="[318,464,1405,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bemainty" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FECEFAE9134568E6" box="[318,339,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE95FAE913C668E6" box="[357,464,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">bemainty</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F48115A305112FE2DFAE9102D68E6" box="[477,571,1405,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, see below] were similar and the best means to differentiate these two taxa based on craniodental characters was the former has a distinctly thin zygomata and without a jugal eminence (fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0849D5A305112FED1FA63134A6B79" box="[289,348,1527,1549]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A305112FE96FA6C10226B79" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[358,564,1527,1549]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FE40FA6C13F76B78" box="[432,481,1527,1549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54F9D213266B2F" blockId="20.[164,779,1606,1903]" box="[164,304,1606,1627]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FF54F9D213266B2F" box="[164,304,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Bioacoustics</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FF54F9F016346F85" blockId="20.[164,779,1606,1903]" lastBlockId="20.[826,1441,732,1090]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
Bioacoustics (average values, sexes combined,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FD35F9F110CF6B0E" box="[709,729,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, which include from the west
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A305112FE00F91710206BEC" box="[496,566,1666,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A305112FD81F917108A6BEC" box="[625,668,1666,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and from the east
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A305112FEF8F93513216BC3" box="[264,311,1697,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
): PF: 56.6 (range 53.4–58.2) kHz, Fmax: 114.8 (range 91.7–128.3) kHz, Fmin: 46.0 (range 41.7– 51.4) kHz, Dur: 2.6 (range 2.3–3.1) ms, IPI: 67.3 (range 14.8–125.0) ms (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A305112FEADF96913A76A67" box="[349,433,1789,1811]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[144,207,198,217]" captionText="Table 6. Descriptive statistics of echolocation calls parameters in Malagasy vesper bats of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus represented in the molecular genetic portion of this study (see Methods section for the definition of the variables). For species represented by ≥ 3 specimens, data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), minimum– maximum, N: number of individuals. For Neoromicia robertsi, only recordings for a single male were available" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). The single sequenced female with associated bioacoustic recordings had several parameters that fell outside the range for
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A305112FD71F8AE111D6A24" box="[641,779,1850,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A305112FF5CF8CD12FB6A1B" box="[172,237,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[144,222,1483,1502]" captionTargetBox="[367,1197,195,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-165@17.[367,1199,195,1453]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Plot of principal component scores associated with the five bioacoustic variables for genotyped Malagasy vesper specimens on A, PC1 vs. PC2, B, PC1 vs. PC3 and C) PC2 vs. PC3. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 7." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335133/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further work is needed to verify this pattern.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FCCAFD4816346F85" box="[826,1058,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Bacular morphology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FCCAFD6F16DE6936" blockId="20.[826,1441,732,1090]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
In their description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FBC6FD6F177B6E64" authority=", Bates et al. (2006)" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="2006" box="[1078,1389,762,784]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FBC6FD6F16506E64" box="[1078,1094,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FBA4FD6F16836E64" box="[1108,1173,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A305112FB54FD6F177B6E64" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[1188,1389,762,784]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FB1BFD6F170C6E7B" box="[1259,1306,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided details on its bacular morphology. The length of this structure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FC0AFCAC164D6E39" box="[1018,1115,824,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FC0AFCAC161C6E39" box="[1018,1034,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FBE9FCAC164D6E39" box="[1049,1115,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctly longer than any other Malagasy vesper and measures 8.90 and 10.00 mm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A305112FCB1FCE011836EFF" box="[833,917,884,907]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="19.[144,207,500,519]" captionText="Table 8. Descriptive statistics of baculum total length (TL) measurements in Malagasy vesper bats of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus, with most individuals represented in the molecular genetic portion of this study. For species represented by ≥ 3 individuals, data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), minimum– maximum, N = number of individuals." pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). It has a long and narrow shaft, with a slight curvature, and variable deflection at the distal end that seems to indicate some intraspecific variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A305112FABAFC2611586E92" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[144,222,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,1101,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-394@19.[144,1425,1100,1706]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of bacula from two species of Pipistrellus. A, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 217886, total length 8.90 mm) from Kirindy Forest (CNFEREF); B, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 222722, total length 6.10 mm) from near Andasibe; C, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 176094, average total length of four specimens 1.9 mm) from Parc National de Kirindy Mitea (redrawn from Bates et al., 2006, Fig. 10A); D, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 209270, total length 1.90 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; E, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 217905, total length 1.70 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; F: Pipistrellus hesperidus (TM 48624, UP-840, total length 2.18 mm) from South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335139/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A specimen obtained outside of Andasibe (FMNH 222722) had a distinctly shorter baculum (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0849D5A305112FADFFC7B17836970" box="[1327,1429,1007,1029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
), which may be related to age and lack of ossification of the structure (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A305112FBF2FBB816416935" box="[1026,1111,1068,1090]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="19.[144,207,500,519]" captionText="Table 8. Descriptive statistics of baculum total length (TL) measurements in Malagasy vesper bats of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus, with most individuals represented in the molecular genetic portion of this study. For species represented by ≥ 3 individuals, data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), minimum– maximum, N = number of individuals." pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A305112FB96FBB816AD6936" box="[1126,1211,1068,1090]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[144,222,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,1101,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-394@19.[144,1425,1100,1706]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of bacula from two species of Pipistrellus. A, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 217886, total length 8.90 mm) from Kirindy Forest (CNFEREF); B, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 222722, total length 6.10 mm) from near Andasibe; C, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 176094, average total length of four specimens 1.9 mm) from Parc National de Kirindy Mitea (redrawn from Bates et al., 2006, Fig. 10A); D, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 209270, total length 1.90 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; E, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 217905, total length 1.70 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; F: Pipistrellus hesperidus (TM 48624, UP-840, total length 2.18 mm) from South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335139/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FCCAFBE7167A69FC" blockId="20.[826,1441,1138,1313]" box="[826,1132,1138,1160]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FCCAFBE7167A69FC" box="[826,1132,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Known geographical range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FCCAFB0516966855" blockId="20.[826,1441,1138,1313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6023255A305112FCCAFB05166A6855" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="de Mikea" latitude="-22.266666" location="Foret de Mikea" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="43.478333" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" specimenCode="FMNH 176165" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Localities from which sequenced specimens of this species are known are presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A305112FB35FB3B173469B0" box="[1221,1314,1199,1221]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,222,1840,1859]" captionTargetBox="[228,1339,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[226,1341,194,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Map of localities mentioned in text associated with sequenced members of the genera Neoromicia, Pipistrellus, and Hypsugo captured on Madagascar. Other localities mentioned in the text and an elevational gradient are also shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335119/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
. One specimen from another site referred to this species includes
|
||
<location id="8ED77FA35A305112FC78FB79162E6876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1986E5A375112FF25FF52166C6BA2:8ED77FA35A305112FC78FB79162E6876" box="[904,1080,1260,1282]" latitude="-22.266666" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="43.478333" name="Foret de Mikea" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
Forêt
|
||
<collectorName id="26FD4CAE5A305112FC3DFB78162E6876" box="[973,1080,1260,1282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">de Mikea</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C4FBF5A305112FBB4FB7816AA6876" box="[1092,1212,1260,1282]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="16.00" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" precision="9" value="-22.266666">22°16.00′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C4FBF5A305112FB39FB7917546876" box="[1225,1346,1260,1282]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="28.70" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" precision="9" value="43.478333">43°28.70′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBAE81035A305112FAA1FB79119B6855" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" type="Museum">FMNH 176165</specimenCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A305112FC56FA9F16626855" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[934,1140,1291,1313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FC01FA9816376854" box="[1009,1057,1291,1313]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FCCAFAC6163B6813" blockId="20.[826,1442,1362,1750]" box="[826,1069,1362,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FCCAFAC6163B6813" box="[826,1069,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A305112FCCAFAE4166C6BA2" blockId="20.[826,1442,1362,1750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">
|
||
Notable genetic differences were found between eastern and western populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A305112FB94FA1B16D668D0" box="[1124,1216,1423,1444]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raceyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FB94FA1B166268D0" box="[1124,1140,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A305112FB71FA1B16D668D0" box="[1153,1216,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">raceyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B397DA5A305112FADFFA1B174868D0" box="[1327,1374,1423,1444]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen being from the eastern locality of Kianjavato (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A305112FCB2FA5F116B6895" box="[834,893,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,222,1840,1859]" captionTargetBox="[228,1339,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[226,1341,194,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Map of localities mentioned in text associated with sequenced members of the genera Neoromicia, Pipistrellus, and Hypsugo captured on Madagascar. Other localities mentioned in the text and an elevational gradient are also shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335119/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further, statistically significant differences were identified between specimens from these two different portions of the island in several external measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A305112FC31F9B3160C6B49" box="[961,1050,1575,1597]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[135,199,414,435]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. Figures in bold are of specimens collected and measured by SMG and those in standard script by a variety of different field collectors. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-test, n.s. = not significant" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) and in all cranial and dental measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A305112FC1AF9D216526B2F" box="[1002,1092,1606,1628]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="10.[135,199,430,451]" captionText="Table 3. Cranial measurements (in millimetres) of adult vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. See Methods for an explanation of variable acronyms. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-test, n.s. = not significant" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">Tables 3</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A305112FB8CF9D2169D6B28" box="[1148,1163,1606,1628]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[135,199,403,424]" captionText="Table 4. Dental measurements (in millimetres) of adult vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. See Methods for an explanation of variable acronyms. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-tests, n.s. = not significant" pageId="20" pageNumber="1008">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Further work is needed to assess the level of genetic divergence and possible reproductive isolation between eastern and western populations; herein we maintain them as a single taxon, with divergent populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |