456 lines
52 KiB
XML
456 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="2A5FF7A670F265C70F910912FA3069BB" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12223" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5335115" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630178213311" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goodman, Steven M., Rakotondramanana, Claude Fabienne, Ramasindrazana, Beza, Kearney, Teresa, Monadjem, Ara, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Taylor, Peter J., Naughton, Kate & Appleton, Belinda" docDate="2015" docId="03A1986E5A345114FF20FB9D16AA6A1B" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12223.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/zoj.12223" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pipistrellus hesperidus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1005" masterDocId="FF98E0165A245106FFF0FF9412166D74" masterDocTitle="An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo" masterLastPageNumber="1018" masterPageNumber="988" pageNumber="1004" updateTime="1699176056822" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7EDF88791415DCF31C48CB04ED9C885D">An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D657EEA07164E939B49F406F75CE1795">Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CCED1D4608CBBD169846AD9F2046C51F">Rakotondramanana, Claude Fabienne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E60F321EDC182FB22A79A8672A8CAF59">Ramasindrazana, Beza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="459EC300B345595F533674D96A245836">Kearney, Teresa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BA858190FC2A6112C9BB096EA7D1DE6">Monadjem, Ara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7520E7228CC050EA653B0F20C7DBAC73">Schoeman, M. Corrie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="719ACF912C7AC8B4D77CA730C73EE864">Taylor, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE05D7C712807D69D5F051022B4ED261">Naughton, Kate</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3462AB462B0196B0ACAE95AC4645E3D2">Appleton, Belinda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="008459E33F121364D7ACAF6D48D96485">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A470D3D4E3145F83F59C4295A30AB605">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A9C257F5F5FDD2116E1B1B00CE25394C">2015-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="407D35568BA51E14E0BD09EACB4283DE">173</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E1A273AB3F2CAC6502E4640C400709B8">988</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="07109432FAE52968A2A8E37E83BDEDB0">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/zoj.12223</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="52E9BE2380BC959F50ABD4F7DF9402EC" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A1986E5A345114FF20FB9D16AA6A1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1986E5A345114FF20FB9D16AA6A1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1986E5A345114FF20FB9D16AA6A1B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1005" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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<subSubSection id="C3127AF35A345116FF20FB9D13616931" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF20FB9D10C9696A" blockId="16.[208,735,1032,1054]" box="[208,735,1032,1054]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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<heading id="D0FF9E145A345116FF20FB9D10C9696A" box="[208,735,1032,1054]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FF20FB9D10156968" ID-CoL="4J6KJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[208,515,1033,1054]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1014" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF20FB9D10156968" box="[208,515,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">PIPISTRELLUS HESPERIDUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(TEMMINCK, 1840)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF54FBBB13616931" blockId="16.[164,779,1071,1521]" box="[164,375,1071,1093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF54FBBB13616931" box="[164,375,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Molecular genetics</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3127AF35A345114FF54FBDA16AA6A1B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1006" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF54FBDA10756885" blockId="16.[164,779,1071,1521]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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K2P distance within this lineage for animals obtained in dry forest habitats of western
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<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FDFDFBF8108069F6" box="[525,662,1132,1154]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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was 0.001 (
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF5CFB1F12D669D4" box="[172,192,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">N</emphasis>
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= 14,
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A345116FEF7FB1F134E69D5" box="[263,344,1163,1185]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[144,208,1307,1326]" captionText="Table 1. Net mean Kimura 2-Parameter distance between lineages as derived from partial cytochrome b sequences (680 bp) and calculated using MEGA5 (Tamura et al., 2011) for Malagasy vespers of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus. Italicized numbers refer to mean K2P distance within lineages. An asterisk (*) indicates that less than five samples were available from which to derive intraspecific distance. Note that only one sequence was available for Myotis ricketti and, thus, no intraspecific distance could be calculated. See Monadjem et al. (2010) for a definition of Neoromicia cf. melckorum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Table 1</tableCitation>
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); hence, these populations show little genetic variation at the nucleotide level. No haplotype was shared in common between sequenced samples of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FF54FB73132A698F" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[164,316,1254,1276]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF54FB7312A26988" box="[164,180,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF32FB72132A698F" box="[194,316,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FE70FB7210186988" box="[384,526,1254,1276]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(TM 47666) and
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<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FD22FB7312FC686F" name="Swaziland" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
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(TM 47738), as compared to those from
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<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FD32FA9112F8684D" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FEF2FAB01300684D" box="[258,278,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">N</emphasis>
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= 28,
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A345116FE90FAB013A0684E" box="[352,438,1316,1338]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="20.[164,228,198,217]" captionText="Table 9. Intraspecific diversity and divergence for the three most intensively sampled taxa in the genera Hypsugo and Pipistrellus. Numbers in parentheses indicate standard deviation (SD) for estimates of haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi). There were no shared haplotypes between the east and west populations of Pipistrellus raceyi (five fixed mutations between lineages) or between the African and Malagasy populations of Pipistrellus hesperidus (22 fixed mutations between lineages)" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Table 9</tableCitation>
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). These lineages exhibited a divergence of 1.89% (K2P), reflecting 22 fixed mutations in the trimmed sequence. Haplotype diversity was reasonably high in the Malagasy population (Hd 0.744), in spite of a lower nucleotide diversity (Pi 0.00181), but these indices were not calculated for the African population due to limited sample size.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF54F98B13586B40" blockId="16.[164,587,1567,1620]" box="[164,334,1567,1588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF54F98B13586B40" box="[164,334,1567,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Morphometrics</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF54F9AB105D6B27" blockId="16.[164,587,1567,1620]" box="[164,587,1598,1620]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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Measurements presented in
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A345116FE01F9AA10506B27" box="[497,582,1598,1620]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[135,199,414,435]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. Figures in bold are of specimens collected and measured by SMG and those in standard script by a variety of different field collectors. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-test, n.s. = not significant" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Table 2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF54F91613D16BE3" blockId="16.[164,779,1666,1903]" box="[164,455,1666,1687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FF54F91613D16BE3" box="[164,455,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Craniodental morphology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FF54F93517556D8E" blockId="16.[164,779,1666,1903]" lastBlockId="16.[826,1441,198,250]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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Members of this genus are easily differentiated from known Malagasy members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FD99F95410FE6BA1" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1926" box="[617,744,1728,1749]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FD99F95410FE6BA1" box="[617,744,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Neoromicia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of five post-canine teeth as compared with four in the latter genus, which lacks a first upper premolar (P
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<superScript id="7C7D84305A345116FEFBF88E13056A52" attach="left" box="[267,275,1818,1830]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">3</superScript>
|
||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FEDEF88810126A45" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[302,516,1819,1841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Bates
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||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FE8AF88813BD6A45" box="[378,427,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">et al</emphasis>
|
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. (2006)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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noted that the upper canine (C
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A345116FEE1F8AC130F6A30" attach="left" box="[273,281,1848,1860]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">1</superScript>
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) was not in contact with the second upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A345116FEC0F8C3132E6A17" attach="left" box="[304,312,1879,1891]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">4</superScript>
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||
). On the basis of specimens sequenced herein, this character holds, although in some cases these two teeth are almost in direct contact.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFE8F11D06C44" blockId="16.[826,1249,283,335]" box="[826,966,283,304]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFE8F11D06C44" box="[826,966,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Bioacoustics</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFEAD16F76C3A" blockId="16.[826,1249,283,335]" box="[826,1249,312,335]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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||
Measurements presented in
|
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<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A345116FB78FEAD16CB6C3A" box="[1160,1245,312,335]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[144,207,198,217]" captionText="Table 6. Descriptive statistics of echolocation calls parameters in Malagasy vesper bats of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus represented in the molecular genetic portion of this study (see Methods section for the definition of the variables). For species represented by ≥ 3 specimens, data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), minimum– maximum, N: number of individuals. For Neoromicia robertsi, only recordings for a single male were available" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Table 6</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFEFA16346CF7" blockId="16.[826,1442,366,694]" box="[826,1058,366,387]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
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<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFEFA16346CF7" box="[826,1058,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Bacular morphology</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFE1916446FC2" blockId="16.[826,1442,366,694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
As described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FC03FE1916A96CD7" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[1011,1215,397,419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBCBFE19167C6CD6" box="[1083,1130,397,418]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for Malagasy specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FC6BFE3816256CB4" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[923,1075,427,449]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FC6BFE3811BD6CB5" box="[923,939,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FC4AFE3F16256CB4" box="[954,1075,427,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the baculum is relatively short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0849D5A345116FCB2FE5E11DC6CAB" box="[834,970,458,479]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
); here we add an additional
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A345116FAD6FE5E11636C8A" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
that range in total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0849D5A345116FB6BFE7C17236C8A" box="[1179,1333,488,510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.6">1.60–2.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A345116FAB3FE7C17826C8B" box="[1347,1428,488,511]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="19.[144,207,500,519]" captionText="Table 8. Descriptive statistics of baculum total length (TL) measurements in Malagasy vesper bats of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus, with most individuals represented in the molecular genetic portion of this study. For species represented by ≥ 3 individuals, data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), minimum– maximum, N = number of individuals." pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). The distal tip and proximal base show a bifid indentation, and the shaft is distinctly recurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A345116FACFFDB217836F48" box="[1343,1429,550,572]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[144,222,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,1101,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-394@19.[144,1425,1100,1706]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of bacula from two species of Pipistrellus. A, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 217886, total length 8.90 mm) from Kirindy Forest (CNFEREF); B, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 222722, total length 6.10 mm) from near Andasibe; C, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 176094, average total length of four specimens 1.9 mm) from Parc National de Kirindy Mitea (redrawn from Bates et al., 2006, Fig. 10A); D, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 209270, total length 1.90 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; E, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 217905, total length 1.70 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; F: Pipistrellus hesperidus (TM 48624, UP-840, total length 2.18 mm) from South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335139/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is the same configuration found in African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FA79FDD111B96F0C" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FA79FDD1178F6F2E" box="[1417,1433,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFDF711B96F0C" box="[826,943,611,632]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A345116FC4FFDF716046F0C" box="[959,1042,611,633]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[144,222,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,1101,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-394@19.[144,1425,1100,1706]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of bacula from two species of Pipistrellus. A, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 217886, total length 8.90 mm) from Kirindy Forest (CNFEREF); B, Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 222722, total length 6.10 mm) from near Andasibe; C, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 176094, average total length of four specimens 1.9 mm) from Parc National de Kirindy Mitea (redrawn from Bates et al., 2006, Fig. 10A); D, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 209270, total length 1.90 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; E, Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 217905, total length 1.70 mm) from Grotte de Sarodrano; F: Pipistrellus hesperidus (TM 48624, UP-840, total length 2.18 mm) from South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335139/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FBEDFDF716EA6F0D" author="Kearney TC & Volleth M & Contrafatto G & Taylor PJ" box="[1053,1276,611,633]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" pagination="55 - 76" refId="ref21617" refString="Kearney TC, Volleth M, Contrafatto G, Taylor PJ. 2002. Systematic implications of chromosome GTG-band and bacula morphology for southern African Eptesicus and Pipistrellus and several other species of Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Acta Chiropterologica 4: 55 - 76." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Kearney
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB71FDF016B96F0C" box="[1153,1199,611,633]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which ranges in total length from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0849D5A345116FBC2FD1616C06FE3" box="[1074,1238,641,663]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7 to 2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(T. Kearney, unpublished data,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FC07FD35161D6FC2" box="[1015,1035,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFD42167A6F9F" blockId="16.[826,1442,726,870]" box="[826,1132,726,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFD42167A6F9F" box="[826,1132,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Known geographical range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFD61165C6E12" blockId="16.[826,1442,726,870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
In
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A345116FCAAFD6011A16E7D" box="[858,951,756,778]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[144,222,1840,1859]" captionTargetBox="[228,1339,195,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[226,1341,194,1810]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Map of localities mentioned in text associated with sequenced members of the genera Neoromicia, Pipistrellus, and Hypsugo captured on Madagascar. Other localities mentioned in the text and an elevational gradient are also shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335119/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, localities are presented of sequenced specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FC67FC87163E6E5C" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[919,1064,787,808]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FC67FC8711B16E5C" box="[919,935,787,808]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FC44FC87163E6E5C" box="[948,1064,787,808]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also include the sites mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FC5AFCA616606E33" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[938,1142,817,839]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FC02FCA616346E32" box="[1010,1058,817,839]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for verified records of this species on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FC49FCC416536E12" box="[953,1093,848,870]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFC12163B6EEF" blockId="16.[826,1442,902,1903]" box="[826,1069,902,923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFC12163B6EEF" box="[826,1069,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A345116FCCAFC30176E68D7" blockId="16.[826,1442,902,1903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
Different lines of evidence, including karyological distinctions (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FC19FC5716D96EAD" author="Volleth M & Bronner G & Gopfert MC & Heller KG & von Helversen O & Yong HS" box="[1001,1231,963,985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" refId="ref22773" refString="Volleth M, Bronner G, Gopfert MC, Heller KG, von Helversen O, Yong HS. 2001. Karyotype comparison and phylogenetic relationships of Pipistrellus - like bats" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Volleth
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBB7FC57166C6EAC" box="[1095,1146,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), have been published indicating that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FBBDFC7616F96E82" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1101,1263,993,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBBDFC76164B6E83" box="[1101,1117,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB81FC7516F96E82" box="[1137,1263,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely paraphyletic and best considered a species complex. However, because of a lack of resolution in character differences of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B397DA5A345116FC15FBA916426927" box="[997,1108,1085,1107]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
representing different proposed names currently considered synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FA79FBC8169269E4" authority=", Simmons (2005)" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FA79FBC8178F6905" box="[1417,1433,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFBEE11A269FB" box="[826,948,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FC37FBEE169269E4" author="Simmons N" box="[967,1156,1146,1168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref22511" refString="Simmons N. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, eds. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, third edn. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 312 - 529." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognised several subspecies, which include
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBC4FB0E165269DB" box="[1076,1092,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBA0FB0D164969DA" box="[1104,1119,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">h</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB9BFB0D16D169DA" box="[1131,1223,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">fuscatus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas, 1901 from much of the Afrotropics and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB7AFB2C168C69B9" box="[1162,1178,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB5BFB2316AC69B8" box="[1195,1210,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">h</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB3AFB23170869B8" box="[1226,1310,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
Sundevall, 1846 from southern Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FB5EFB42172C6998" box="[1198,1338,1238,1260]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Greater genetic sampling is needed from southern Africa to resolve the differences found in the current study between this portion of the continent and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FB88FAA61715683C" box="[1144,1283,1330,1352]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but given the subtle genetic differences and seemingly continuous character states associated with bacular morphology, we maintain Malagasy populations as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FB26FA1A176768D7" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[1238,1393,1422,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB26FA1A16F068D7" box="[1238,1254,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB07FA1A176768D7" box="[1271,1393,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A345117FCA3FA3811B16BA1" blockId="16.[826,1442,902,1903]" lastBlockId="17.[806,1421,1636,1903]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1005" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FCA3FA38164568B6" author="Milne-Edwards A" box="[851,1107,1452,1474]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" pagination="1034 - 1038" refId="ref21958" refString="Milne-Edwards A. 1881. Observations sur quelques animaux de Madagascar. Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (for 1880): 1034 - 1038." type="journal article" year="1881">Milne-Edwards (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a small species of vespertilionid from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A345116FBC6FA5F16DF6895" box="[1078,1225,1483,1505]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FCCAFA7D1623688A" box="[826,1077,1513,1534]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humbloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FCCAFA7D1623688A" box="[826,1077,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Vespertilio humbloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A345116FBB9FA7E1741688B" author="Peterson RL & Eger JL & Mitchell L" box="[1097,1367,1513,1535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" refId="ref22146" refString="Peterson RL, Eger JL, Mitchell L. 1995. Chiropteres. Vol. 84. Faune de Madagascar. Paris: Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Peterson
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB32FA7E16E0688A" box="[1218,1270,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the type series was apparently lost and the status of this taxon could not be assessed. In the MNHN, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B397DA5A345116FC25F9D216276B2F" box="[981,1073,1606,1627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series associated with Milne- Edwards’ description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FBCDF9F016AB6B0D" box="[1085,1213,1636,1657]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humbloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBCDF9F016586B0D" box="[1085,1102,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBABF9F016AB6B0D" box="[1115,1213,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">humbloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was located (MNHN 1986.1074 to 1986.1082); most of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A345116FB00F91617B76BEC" box="[1264,1441,1666,1688]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were immature. Through the courtesy of Dr. Cécile Callou of the MNHN, the skulls from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0EE2F15A345116FB1DF954174F6BA2" box="[1261,1369,1728,1750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens were extracted, cleaned, and allocated the numbers MNHN 1986.1074 and 1986.1075. Both of these specimens have a prominent first upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A345116FA7AF88E17846A52" attach="left" box="[1418,1426,1818,1830]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">3</superScript>
|
||
), typical of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FBD4F8AE16B76A3B" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1060,1185,1850,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FBD4F8AE16B76A3B" box="[1060,1185,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A345116FB29F8AF172E6A24" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1856" box="[1241,1336,1851,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A345116FB29F8AF172E6A24" box="[1241,1336,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1004">Hypsugo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, 1986.1074 has a seemingly bicuspid second upper incisor (I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A355117FF52F9F612BC6B1A" attach="left" box="[162,170,1634,1646]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">3</superScript>
|
||
) and 1986.1075 an unicuspid I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A355117FDFDF9F610036B1A" attach="left" box="[525,533,1634,1646]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">3</superScript>
|
||
that, in both cases, the longest portion of the I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A355117FE36F91513D86BF9" attach="left" box="[454,462,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">3</superScript>
|
||
reaches the length of the first upper incisor (I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A355117FE8BF90B13956BDF" attach="left" box="[379,387,1695,1707]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">2</superScript>
|
||
) cingulum; a diastema between C and second upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A355117FDFEF92A10006BBE" attach="left" box="[526,534,1726,1738]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">4</superScript>
|
||
), a prominent first upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A355117FE95F948137B6B9C" attach="left" box="[357,365,1756,1768]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">3</superScript>
|
||
) in lateral view (similar to the illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A355117FEECF96913C36A67" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[284,469,1789,1811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FE90F96A139B6A66" box="[352,397,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133335FD5A355117FE10F96910386A67" box="[480,558,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[164,243,837,856]" captionTargetBox="[165,1444,196,805]" captionTargetId="figure-464@14.[164,1445,196,807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Echolocation calls of the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. (FMNH 217884), Neoromicia malagasyensis (FMNH 222724), Neoromicia matroka (FMNH 222727), Neoromicia robertsi (FMNH 222729), Pipistrellus hesperidus (FMNH 209270), and Pipistrellus raceyi (FMNH 217886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335131/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); and craniodental measurements falling within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A355117FD93F88810E16A45" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[611,759,1820,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FD93F88810656A45" box="[611,627,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FD71F88810E16A45" box="[641,759,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A355117FF67F8AE12E06A3B" box="[151,246,1850,1872]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="10.[135,199,430,451]" captionText="Table 3. Cranial measurements (in millimetres) of adult vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. See Methods for an explanation of variable acronyms. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-test, n.s. = not significant" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">Tables 3</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68A1CC35A355117FEC5F8AE13536A24" box="[309,325,1850,1872]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[135,199,403,424]" captionText="Table 4. Dental measurements (in millimetres) of adult vesper species of the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus identified from Madagascar and relevant type specimens with the holotype of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. having been sequenced. Measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. See Methods for an explanation of variable acronyms. Statistical differences between the sexes within species with sufficient sample sizes are examined based on Student’s t-tests, n.s. = not significant" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). On the basis of these different features, we identify the Milne-Edwards series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A355117FD2DF8CD119B6B0D" box="[733,909,1636,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humbloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FD2DF8CD10F86A1A" box="[733,750,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FCD6F9F0119B6B0D" box="[806,909,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">humbloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A355117FC4EF9F1164D6B0D" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[958,1115,1636,1658]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FC4EF9F111D86B0E" box="[958,974,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FC11F9F0164D6B0D" box="[993,1115,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this awaits confirmation based on bacular structure or molecular genetics. Hence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A355117FCD6F93611A16BC2" box="[806,951,1697,1719]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humbloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FCD6F93611216BC3" box="[806,823,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FCBCF93511A16BC2" box="[844,951,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">humbloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A355117FA85F93611B66BA1" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FA85F93617936BC3" box="[1397,1413,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FCD6F95411B66BA1" box="[806,928,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7779F05A355117FF60FA5F12F46B6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5335133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5335133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5335133/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" startId="17.[144,222,1483,1502]" targetBox="[367,1197,195,1453]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A355117FF60FA5F12F46B6D" blockId="17.[144,1422,1483,1561]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A355117FF60FA5F12E168AA" bold="true" box="[144,247,1483,1502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Plot of principal component scores associated with the five bioacoustic variables for genotyped Malagasy vesper specimens on A, PC1 vs. PC2, B, PC1 vs. PC3 and C) PC2 vs. PC3. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB729785A355114FCCFF94B16AA6A1B" blockId="17.[806,1421,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="18.[826,1442,1544,1903]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1006" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">
|
||
Two unsexed specimens held in the BMNH (28.1.24.1, 28.1.24.2) were collected by Capt. K. Parcon in
|
||
<date id="FFB60FB85A355117FAA5F969114B6A45" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" value="1922-06">June 1922</date>
|
||
on Europa Island (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C4FBF5A355117FBBAF88F16D66A45" box="[1098,1216,1819,1841]" degrees="22.3683" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" precision="5" value="-22.3683">22.3683°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C4FBF5A355117FB3FF88F17526A45" box="[1231,1348,1819,1841]" degrees="40.3633" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005" precision="5" value="40.3633">40.3633°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) positioned halfway across the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A355117FBB0F8AE16DC6A24" box="[1088,1226,1850,1872]" name="Mozambique" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
Channel between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A355117FCD6F8CD11A06A1B" box="[806,950,1881,1903]" name="Mozambique" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A355117FC01F8CD166A6A1B" box="[1009,1148,1881,1903]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="1005">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Using the craniodental characters outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A365114FE6BF99D10496B6A" author="Bates PJJ & Ratrimomanarivo F & Harrison DL & Goodman SM" box="[411,607,1544,1566]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" pagination="299 - 324" refId="ref20719" refString="Bates PJJ, Ratrimomanarivo F, Harrison DL, Goodman SM. 2006. A review of pipistrelles and serotines (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar, including the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 299 - 324." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FE10F99D101B6B69" box="[480,525,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9954895A365114FD67F99C13346B49" author="Monadjem A & Taylor PJ & Cotterill FPD & Schoeman MC" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" refId="ref22081" refString="Monadjem A, Taylor PJ, Cotterill FPD, Schoeman MC. 2010. Bats of southern and central Africa. A biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis. Johannesburg: Wits University Press." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Monadjem
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FF54F9B312C76B48" box="[164,209,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the two animals are referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A365114FD7CF9B311126B48" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[652,772,1575,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FD7CF9B311126B48" box="[652,772,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and one of the specimens in relatively good shape (BMNH 28.1.24.2), based on the form of the first upper premolar (P
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A365114FED9F91513276BF9" attach="left" box="[297,305,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">3</superScript>
|
||
) and the second upper incisor (I
|
||
<superScript id="7C7D84305A365114FD6EF91510B06BF9" attach="left" box="[670,678,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">3</superScript>
|
||
), as well as cranial shape, is identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A365114FDE6F93610BB6BC2" authorityName=", Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[534,685,1697,1719]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hesperidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FDE6F93610306BC3" box="[534,550,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FDC5F93510BB6BC2" box="[565,685,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">hesperidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A365114FF54F954137D6BA1" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[164,363,1728,1749]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Neoromicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FF54F954137D6BA1" box="[164,363,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Neoromicia nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as written on the specimen label. This identification needs to be verified based on molecular data or potentially bacular morphology. In the same accession of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A365114FE53F88F10306A44" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[419,550,1819,1840]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FE53F88F10306A44" box="[419,550,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material is a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A365114FEF3F8AE10B56A24" authority="Peters, 1868" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[259,675,1850,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Coleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FEF3F8AE13E96A3B" box="[259,511,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Coleura seychellensis</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1868
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 28.1.24.3) obtained by the same captain on
|
||
<date id="FFB60FB85A365114FD6CF8CD11626B69" box="[668,884,1544,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" value="1924-10-04">4 October 1924</date>
|
||
near Amirante Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A365114FB57F99C17306B6A" box="[1191,1318,1544,1566]" name="Seychelles" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C4FBF5A365114FACCF99C178A6B6A" box="[1340,1436,1544,1566]" degrees="6.000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" precision="55" value="-6.0">6.000°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C4FBF5A365114FCCAF9B311BD6B49" box="[826,939,1575,1597]" degrees="53.1667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" precision="5" value="53.1667">53.1667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), indicating that Capt. Parcon navigated boats in the western Indian Ocean. The context that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0852FB5A365114FCCAF9F011AE6B0D" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[826,952,1636,1657]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CF56A5A365114FCCAF9F011AE6B0D" box="[826,952,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were obtained is ambiguous and they could have been stowaways on the vessel after docking in a coastal area and then transported to Europa Island; the direction of travel from Africa towards
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A365114FC68F94A160A6B80" box="[920,1052,1758,1780]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
or vice versa is unknown. However, if they represent a natural occurrence on Europa Island, this would provide evidence of movements for this species spanning at least half the distance between southern Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F69E85A365114FBDCF8CD16AE6A1B" box="[1068,1208,1881,1903]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="1006">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |