234 lines
40 KiB
XML
234 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="D3DB40C6CCC474A0F980257E176056AD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181382" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88807cb4-fc76-4283-aa2a-793dbcb1b8db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181382" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459832709300" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fu, Xin Hua & Ballantyne, Lesley" docDate="2008" docId="0395B077FF949E7F3D82FAF9FAD6FECC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01733p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1733" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pygoluciola Wittmer 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFACC80FFF929E773D15FFCFFFFDFFB6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and behaviour of lucioline fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) with redefinition and new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer from mainland China and review of Luciola LaPorte" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698223077516" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="90950CC4BF6417FACCB52D47C14DF264">Taxonomy and behaviour of lucioline fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) with redefinition and new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer from mainland China and review of Luciola LaPorte</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6DF50724A77E2F5C713CE94DB4FFA841">Fu, Xin Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="016F1A85190DF5BEC1D8EFF930B88A4E">Ballantyne, Lesley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="C0EB51ABE73A0D889036A7B563E6D53E">
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<mods:date id="34829741624C71584BEDD2021FCFFD40">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="BB3401E153E433340D622FB6ADEB8E76" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6754627C9B4EFA31651B1DAB683FC498">1733</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9F118821134898506F6E100123C58935" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181382</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0395B077FF949E7F3D82FAF9FAD6FECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227073" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0395B077FF949E7F3D82FAF9FAD6FECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0395B077FF949E7F3D82FAF9FAD6FECC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C32652EAFF949E713D82FAF9FDC5FAE6" box="[151,568,1334,1360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF949E713D82FAF9FDC5FAE6" blockId="6.[151,568,1334,1360]" box="[151,568,1334,1360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0CBB60DFF949E713D82FAF9FDC5FAE6" bold="true" box="[151,568,1334,1360]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713D82FAF9FDC5FAE6" bold="true" box="[151,568,1334,1360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF949E713DFBFAF9FDC5FAE6" ID-CoL="63QVY" authority="Wittmer, 1939" authorityName="Wittmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[238,568,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pygoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Pygoluciola
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713C93FAF9FDC5FAE6" author="Wittmer" box="[390,568,1334,1360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" refString="Wittmer, W. (1939) Fauna Buruana. Coleoptera 7. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malayischen Malacodermata. Treubia, 17, 21 - 24 (Lampyridae)." type="journal article" year="1939">Wittmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32652EAFF949E713D82FA4EFDF1FA6E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF949E713D82FA4EFCB4FA2E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1409,1529]" box="[151,841,1409,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2C264FFF949E713D82FA4EFCB4FA2E" box="[151,841,1409,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF949E713D82FA4EFE20FA2E" ID-CoL="63QVY" authority="Wittmer, 1939:21" authorityName="Wittmer" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,477,1409,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pygoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713D82FA4EFEE5FA2E" box="[151,280,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pygoluciola</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D2770FF949E713C0BFA4EFE20FA2E" author="Wittmer" box="[286,477,1409,1432]" page="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713C0BFA4EFE40FA2E" author="Wittmer" box="[286,445,1409,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" refString="Wittmer, W. (1939) Fauna Buruana. Coleoptera 7. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malayischen Malacodermata. Treubia, 17, 21 - 24 (Lampyridae)." type="journal article" year="1939">Wittmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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:21
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D2770FF949E713CF2FA4EFCB8FA2E" author="Ballantyne" box="[487,837,1409,1432]" page="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713CF2FA4EFCD8FA2E" author="Ballantyne" box="[487,805,1409,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Lambkin, C. (2006) A phylogenetic reassessment of the rare S. E. Asian firefly genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54, 31 - 58." type="journal article" year="2006">Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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:22
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF949E713D82FA6EFDF1FA6E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1409,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2C264FFF949E713D82FA6EFDF1FA6E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF949E713D82FA6EFE7EFA0E" ID-CoL="5H69" authority="(Pygoluciola)" baseAuthorityName="Pygoluciola" box="[151,387,1441,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713D82FA6EFF14FA0E" box="[151,233,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Luciola</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713DECFA6EFE87FA0E" box="[249,378,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pygoluciola</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713C99FA6EFE64FA0E" box="[396,409,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D2770FF949E713CB4FA6EFD6EFA0E" author="McDermott" box="[417,659,1441,1464]" page="115" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713CB4FA6EFD9AFA0E" author="McDermott" box="[417,615,1441,1464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="McDermott, F. A. (1966) Lampyridae Pars. 9. Coleopterorum Catalogus (Junk-Schenkling) (Ed. Sec), 1 - 149 (Luciolini, 98 - 118)." type="journal article" year="1966">McDermott, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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:115
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D2770FF949E713FB5FA6EFC74FA0E" author="Ballantyne" box="[672,905,1441,1464]" page="119" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713FB5FA6EFCA1FA0E" author="Ballantyne" box="[672,860,1441,1464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. (1968) Revisional Studies of Australian and Indomalayan Luciolini (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae). University of Queensland Papers, Department of Entomology, University of Queensland Press II (6), 103 - 139." type="journal article" year="1968">Ballantyne, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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:119
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D2770FF949E713E83FA6EFB02FA0E" author="Ballantyne" box="[918,1279,1441,1464]" page="233" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713E83FA6EFB2DFA0E" author="Ballantyne" box="[918,1232,1441,1464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & McLean, M. R. (1970) Revisional studies on the firefly genus Pteroptyx Olivier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 96, 223 - 305." type="journal article" year="1970">Ballantyne & McLean, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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:233
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D2770FF949E71381EFA6EFE68FA6E" author="Ballantyne" page="82" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E71381EFA6EFE93FA6E" author="Ballantyne" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Lambkin, C. (2000) The Lampyridae of Australia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 46, 15 - 94." type="journal article" year="2000">Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 82
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 2001:363.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32652EAFF949E713D82FA2EFC3CFA4E" box="[151,961,1505,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B830161FF949E713D82FA2EFC3CFA4E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1409,1529]" box="[151,961,1505,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713D82FA2EFEDEFA4F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1505,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<typeStatus id="5487BFC3FF949E713D82FA2EFF32FA4F" box="[151,207,1505,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.—
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF949E713C50FA2EFD44FA4E" authority="Wittmer, 1939" authorityName="Wittmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[325,697,1505,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pygoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stylifer">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713C50FA2EFDEBFA4E" box="[325,534,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pygoluciola stylifer</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF949E713F08FA2EFD44FA4E" author="Wittmer" box="[541,697,1505,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" refString="Wittmer, W. (1939) Fauna Buruana. Coleoptera 7. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der indo-malayischen Malacodermata. Treubia, 17, 21 - 24 (Lampyridae)." type="journal article" year="1939">Wittmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy (
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<collectionCode id="ED2D99A4FF949E713E75FA2EFC4BFA4E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[864,950,1505,1528]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RMNH</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32652EAFF949E713D82F9E6FE09F885" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF949E713D82F9E6FE09F885" blockId="6.[151,1437,1577,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713D82F9E6FEEAF9F5" bold="true" box="[151,279,1577,1603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Males exist in two forms, one in which the median posterior margin of both
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<date id="FF8227A1FF949E7139A3F9E6FB27F9F5" box="[1206,1242,1577,1603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">V7</date>
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and T8 are narrowed and strongly incline either dorsally (
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<date id="FF8227A1FF949E713F8CF99EFD42F9DD" box="[665,703,1617,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">V7</date>
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) or ventrally (T8) and may overlap each other in dried specimens. In the second
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<date id="FF8227A1FF949E713CB3F9B6FE37F925" box="[422,458,1657,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">V7</date>
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has no posterior projection, while T8 narrows very slightly and is narrowly downturned. Pronotum may have tubercles on posterolateral surface; lateral margins of pronotum diverge posteriorly; aedeagus with LL considerably longer than ML; basal piece may be asymmetrical bilobed; aedeagal sheath with narrow elongate anterior portion of sheath sternite and expanded posterior area; lateral arms of tergite clearly visible at sides.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32652EAFF949E703DD3F88EFDC2F8DA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF949E703DD3F88EFA6DFE44" blockId="6.[151,1437,1577,2003]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2020]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF949E713DD3F88EFEFBF8ED" bold="true" box="[198,262,1857,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male</emphasis>
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(expanded format). Conforms to Ballantyne & Lambkin’s (2006) generic description with these additions/exceptions: Pronotum: irregular small tubercles may be absent in posterolateral areas. Elytron: epipleuron and sutural ridge extending to but not around rounded apex, neither thickened apically; when viewed from beneath the epipleuron conceals the elytral humerus; when viewed from above the epipleuron is first visible at the sides of the elytra anterior to the posterior margin of the MS. Abdomen:
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<date id="FF8227A1FF959E70394CFF57FB80FF04" box="[1113,1149,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V7</date>
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may have LO extending over most of the area except for narrow lateral areas; anterior margin not emarginate; MPP of
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<date id="FF8227A1FF959E7039F4FF0FFAF8FF6C" box="[1249,1285,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V7</date>
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slightly produced, apically rounded; PLP lacking as are any projections or processes along the rounded posterior margin of
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<date id="FF8227A1FF959E703DACFEDFFF1DFE9C" box="[185,224,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V7</date>
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; T8: reasonably well sclerotised, a little wider than long, lateral margins subparallel sided in most of anterior visible area, in posterior 1/5 margins converge to a posterior margin which is slightly less than half the width of the most anterior (visible) portion, and is gently bisinuate, with posterolateral corners very narrowly pointed and slightly inclined ventrally; in pinned specimens a very narrow portion of the whole posterior margin of T8 inclines ventrally. Aedeagal sheath: up to 3.5 x as long as wide; anterior margin of tergite with transverse darker band. Aedeagus: ML up to ¾ as long as LL which taper towards their rounded apices.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF959E703DD3FE30FEC1FDF4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703DD3FE30FEDCFDAF" bold="true" box="[198,289,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Female</emphasis>
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. Similar to that described in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF959E703F6BFDCFFC1BFDAC" author="Ballantyne" box="[638,998,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Lambkin, C. (2006) A phylogenetic reassessment of the rare S. E. Asian firefly genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54, 31 - 58." type="journal article" year="2006">Ballantyne & Lambkin (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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except pronotum lacking posterolateral tubercles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B830161FF959E703DD3FD80FDC2F8DA" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703DD3FD80FEEFFDDF" bold="true" box="[198,274,591,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Larva</emphasis>
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. Reliably associated in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF959E703F3DFD9FFCF1FDDF" box="[552,780,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pygoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qingyu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703F3DFD9FFCF1FDDF" box="[552,780,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pygoluciola qingyu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B6008FF959E703E07FD9FFCADFDDC" box="[786,848,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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only. Larvae conform to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF959E7039CEFD9FFD9DFD24" authority="Olivier (Ballantyne & Menayah, 2002)" authorityName="Olivier (Ballantyne & Menayah" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pteroptyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
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<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E7039CEFD9FFA66FDDF" box="[1243,1435,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pteroptyx valida</emphasis>
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Olivier (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF959E703DECFDB7FDA5FD24" author="Ballantyne" box="[249,600,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Menayah, R. (2002) A description of larvae and redescription of adults of the firefly Pteroptyx valida Olivier in Selangor, Malaysia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), with notes on Luciolinae larvae. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="2002">Ballantyne & Menayah, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only differences are noted. Elongate slender, tapering in front and behind, flattened; lateral tergal margins thickened but not explanate, extend laterally slightly and cover the laterotergites which are not visible from above. Dorsal surface heavily and evenly pigmented (very dark brown) and heavily sclerotised (no membranous areas visible dorsally); narrow dark median line runs from anterior margin of prothorax to posterior margin of body segment 11; median line not depressed and margins finely and irregularly elevated; three thoracic and nine obvious abdominal segments [the tenth is interpreted, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF959E703DD0FCA7FE5FFC34" box="[197,418,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Jeng, M. L., Lai, J. & Yang, P. S. (2003 a) Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In Jach & Ji (eds); Water Beetles of China. III: 539 - 562." type="book chapter">
|
||
Jeng
|
||
<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703C16FCA7FEC5FC37" box="[259,312,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a narrow ring of cuticle immediately following segment 9 and before the origin of the pygopods]. All terga except terminal one bear four rounded projections along their posterior margins; terminal tergum with posterolateral corners obliquely truncate. Ventral surface of meso and metathorax with median sternal elements delimited by an elongate pleural suture from the lateral elements, the laterotergites; this ventral surface is composed of two areas in each segment, in the mesothorax an anterior presternum with paired laterotergites bearing well developed spiracles, followed by a median subrectangular sternal area bearing legs, above coxae episterna and epimera of meso and metathorax visible as thin sclerotised strands; similar arrangement in the metathorax except the metathoracic spiracle is rudimentary. Ventral surface of abdominal segments 1–8 have a single median sternal area per segment separated by elongate laterosternites from paired laterotergites (a pair per segment) bearing spiracles; laterotergites on segment 8 small and partially concealed by wider sternal plate which carries small round LOs at its posterolateral corners; venter of terminal segment lacking the differentiation of previous segments and bearing along its posterior margin pygopodia. Head and antennae of larvae as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF959E703F21FA87FB9EFAD4" authority="Ballantyne & Menayah 2002" authorityName="Ballantyne & Menayah" authorityYear="2002" box="[564,1123,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pteroptyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703F21FA87FD0BFAD7" box="[564,758,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pteroptyx valida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF959E703E10FA87FBA6FAD4" author="Ballantyne" box="[773,1115,1352,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Menayah, R. (2002) A description of larvae and redescription of adults of the firefly Pteroptyx valida Olivier in Selangor, Malaysia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae), with notes on Luciolinae larvae. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="2002">Ballantyne & Menayah 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with following exceptions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703D8AFABFFED6FA3C" box="[159,299,1392,1418]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 23" captionStart-1="FIGURE 24" captionStart-10="FIGURE 33" captionStart-11="FIGURE 34" captionStart-12="FIGURE 35" captionStart-13="FIGURE 36" captionStart-14="FIGURE 37" captionStart-15="FIGURE 38" captionStart-16="FIGURE 39" captionStart-17="FIGURE 40" captionStart-2="FIGURE 25" captionStart-3="FIGURE 26" captionStart-4="FIGURE 27" captionStart-5="FIGURE 28" captionStart-6="FIGURE 29" captionStart-7="FIGURE 30" captionStart-8="FIGURE 31" captionStart-9="FIGURE 32" captionStartId-0="26.[151,255,1135,1159]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,255,1755,1779]" captionStartId-10="35.[151,255,1608,1632]" captionStartId-11="36.[151,255,1610,1634]" captionStartId-12="37.[151,255,1614,1638]" captionStartId-13="38.[151,255,1606,1630]" captionStartId-14="39.[151,255,1610,1634]" captionStartId-15="40.[151,255,1610,1634]" captionStartId-16="41.[151,255,1610,1634]" captionStartId-17="42.[151,255,1606,1630]" captionStartId-2="27.[151,255,1447,1471]" captionStartId-3="28.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionStartId-4="29.[151,255,1481,1505]" captionStartId-5="30.[151,255,1624,1648]" captionStartId-6="31.[151,255,1478,1502]" captionStartId-7="32.[151,255,1478,1502]" captionStartId-8="33.[151,255,1623,1647]" captionStartId-9="34.[151,255,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1436,736,1127]" captionTargetBox-1="[560,1041,1257,1708]" captionTargetBox-10="[151,1436,194,1583]" captionTargetBox-11="[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetBox-12="[151,1436,194,1590]" captionTargetBox-13="[151,1436,194,1581]" captionTargetBox-14="[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetBox-15="[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetBox-16="[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetBox-17="[151,1436,194,1581]" captionTargetBox-2="[231,1354,194,1422]" captionTargetBox-3="[231,1355,194,1424]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,194,1457]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,194,1454]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1435,194,1454]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1434,194,1461]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[156,1439,736,1129]" captionTargetId-1="figure@26.[539,1047,1247,1731]" captionTargetId-10="figure@35.[151,1436,194,1584]" captionTargetId-11="figure@36.[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetId-12="figure@37.[151,1436,194,1590]" captionTargetId-13="figure@38.[151,1436,194,1582]" captionTargetId-14="figure@39.[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetId-15="figure@40.[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetId-16="figure@41.[151,1436,194,1586]" captionTargetId-17="figure@42.[151,1436,194,1582]" captionTargetId-2="figure@27.[231,1355,194,1423]" captionTargetId-3="figure@28.[231,1356,194,1424]" captionTargetId-4="figure@29.[151,1436,194,1457]" captionTargetId-5="figure@30.[151,1436,194,1600]" captionTargetId-6="figure@31.[151,1436,194,1454]" captionTargetId-7="figure@32.[151,1436,194,1454]" captionTargetId-8="figure@33.[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetId-9="figure@34.[151,1436,194,1461]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-10="35" captionTargetPageId-11="36" captionTargetPageId-12="37" captionTargetPageId-13="38" captionTargetPageId-14="39" captionTargetPageId-15="40" captionTargetPageId-16="41" captionTargetPageId-17="42" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionTargetPageId-4="29" captionTargetPageId-5="30" captionTargetPageId-6="31" captionTargetPageId-7="32" captionTargetPageId-8="33" captionTargetPageId-9="34" captionText-0="FIGURE 23. Larva: outline dorsal surface only." captionText-1="FIGURE 24. Larva: head, semidiagrammatic, dorsal surface, antennae and mandibles only. M mandible; A 1 - A 3 antennal segments 1 - 3; S stemmata." captionText-10="FIGURE 33. Larva: protergum (anterior end to top right)." captionText-11="FIGURE 34. detail 33, mid line. Scale bar = 120 Μm." captionText-12="FIGURE 35. detail 33, anterior margin. Scale bar = 231 Μm." captionText-13="FIGURE 36. detail 33, posterior margin (anterior end to bottom left). Scale bar = 0.6 mm." captionText-14="FIGURE 37. Larva: mesotergum (anterior end to bottom left). Scale bar = 0.86 mm." captionText-15="FIGURE 38. detail 37 mid line. Scale bar = 0.27 mm." captionText-16="FIGURE 39. Larva: terminal tergum (anterior end to bottom left). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-17="FIGURE 40. Larva: abdominal terga. Scale bar = 0.75 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 25. Larva: head anterior half dorsal. Scale bar = 0.43 mm. A, antenna; AM, antennal membrane; S, stemmata; M, mandible." captionText-3="FIGURE 26. Larva: head, anterior half, ventral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. L, lacinia; LP, labial palp; MP, maxillary palp; PM, prementum; POM, postmentum." captionText-4="FIGURE 27. Larva: mandibles dorsal. Scale bar = 200 μm. M, mandible." captionText-5="FIGURE 28. Larva: apical segments of left antenna from below. Scale bar = 150 μm. A 1 - A 3, antennal segments 1 - 3; SC, sense cone antenna." captionText-6="FIGURE 29. Larva: left antenna detail segment 3 and sense cone. Scale bar = 43 μm. A 3, antennal segment 3; SC, sense cone." captionText-7="FIGURE 30. Larva: ventrolateral view apical half of both mandibles showing inner teeth of left mandible. Scale bar = 136 μm. M mandible." captionText-8="FIGURE 31. Larva: dorsolateral view, apices maxillary and labial palpi. Scale bar = 120 μm. LA, lacinia; LP, labial palp; MP, maxillary palp." captionText-9="FIGURE 32. as for 31, ventrolateral view, R side only. Scale bar = 120 μm. MP, maxillary palp." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/181394/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/181395/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/181404/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/181405/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/181406/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/181407/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/181408/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/181409/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/181410/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/181411/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/181396/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/181397/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/181398/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/181399/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/181400/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/181401/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/181402/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/181403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 23–40</figureCitation>
|
||
): a well defined epicranial stem present behind median dorsal frontoclypeus; anterolateral margins of epicranial suture not clearly defined (visible as slightly darker line after head was cleared and ventral mouthpart complex removed); front margin of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703E12FA0FFC6DFA6C" box="[775,912,1472,1498]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="26.[151,255,1755,1779]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,255,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox-0="[560,1041,1257,1708]" captionTargetBox-1="[231,1354,194,1422]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[539,1047,1247,1731]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[231,1355,194,1423]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Larva: head, semidiagrammatic, dorsal surface, antennae and mandibles only. M mandible; A 1 - A 3 antennal segments 1 - 3; S stemmata." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Larva: head anterior half dorsal. Scale bar = 0.43 mm. A, antenna; AM, antennal membrane; S, stemmata; M, mandible." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/181395/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/181396/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 24–25</figureCitation>
|
||
), with very short rounded median projection (nasale); 3rd segment of antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703F25FA25FD70F9B2" box="[560,653,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="30.[151,255,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,194,1600]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 28. Larva: apical segments of left antenna from below. Scale bar = 150 μm. A 1 - A 3, antennal segments 1 - 3; SC, sense cone antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181399/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703F8EFA25FD41F9B2" box="[667,700,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="31.[151,255,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,194,1454]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 29. Larva: left antenna detail segment 3 and sense cone. Scale bar = 43 μm. A 3, antennal segment 3; SC, sense cone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181400/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">29</figureCitation>
|
||
), with elongate slender tip subequal in length to thicker basal portion, and surrounded by 2 strong hairs; sense cone elongate slender. Mouthparts conform to general condition seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF959E703C32F9F4FE17F9E2" box="[295,490,1595,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pteroptyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703C32F9F4FE17F9E2" box="[295,490,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pteroptyx valida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for mandibles, which have 2 strong teeth on their inner margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E70382EF9F5FA65F9E2" box="[1339,1432,1594,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[231,1354,194,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[231,1355,194,1423]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 25. Larva: head anterior half dorsal. Scale bar = 0.43 mm. A, antenna; AM, antennal membrane; S, stemmata; M, mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181396/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703D82F9ADFF4AF9CA" box="[151,183,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="29.[151,255,1481,1505]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1457]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,194,1457]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 27. Larva: mandibles dorsal. Scale bar = 200 μm. M, mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181398/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703DD6F9ADFF19F9CA" box="[195,228,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="32.[151,255,1478,1502]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,194,1454]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 30. Larva: ventrolateral view apical half of both mandibles showing inner teeth of left mandible. Scale bar = 136 μm. M mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181401/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">30</figureCitation>
|
||
); labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703C4FF9ADFE1CF9CA" box="[346,481,1634,1660]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 31" captionStart-1="FIGURE 32" captionStartId-0="33.[151,255,1623,1647]" captionStartId-1="34.[151,255,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,194,1461]" captionTargetId-0="figure@33.[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetId-1="figure@34.[151,1436,194,1461]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="34" captionText-0="FIGURE 31. Larva: dorsolateral view, apices maxillary and labial palpi. Scale bar = 120 μm. LA, lacinia; LP, labial palp; MP, maxillary palp." captionText-1="FIGURE 32. as for 31, ventrolateral view, R side only. Scale bar = 120 μm. MP, maxillary palp." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/181402/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/181403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 31–32</figureCitation>
|
||
) with an anterior heart shaped prementum and two segmented labial palpi; posterior area consists an elongate mentum which lies between the stipes and extends almost as far as origins of cardines, and a pair of small triangular structures at its posterior end (which may represent the postmentum); apical segment of labial palpi elongate slender pointed, 3–4 × as long as width at base; apical segment of maxillary palpi elongate slender acutely rounded, 2.5 × as long as width at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E703921F8CDFB6FF8AA" box="[1076,1170,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[231,1354,194,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[231,1355,194,1423]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 25. Larva: head anterior half dorsal. Scale bar = 0.43 mm. A, antenna; AM, antennal membrane; S, stemmata; M, mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181396/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E7039B5F8CDFB3DF8AA" box="[1184,1216,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="28.[151,255,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox="[231,1355,194,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[231,1356,194,1424]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 26. Larva: head, anterior half, ventral. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. L, lacinia; LP, labial palp; MP, maxillary palp; PM, prementum; POM, postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181397/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E7039DBF8CDFB13F8AA" box="[1230,1262,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="33.[151,255,1623,1647]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,194,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 31. Larva: dorsolateral view, apices maxillary and labial palpi. Scale bar = 120 μm. LA, lacinia; LP, labial palp; MP, maxillary palp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181402/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13071DE4FF959E7039E9F8CDFAE0F8AA" box="[1276,1309,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,194,1461]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 32. as for 31, ventrolateral view, R side only. Scale bar = 120 μm. MP, maxillary palp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">32</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cardines with subtriangular anterior 1/3, and elongate slender rod like posterior 2/3 which may incline into head and thus not be clearly seen from below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32652EAFF959E7F3DD3F8B5FAD6FECC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B830161FF959E7F3DD3F8B5FAD6FECC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2020]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,378]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703DD3F8B5FEC5F822" bold="true" box="[198,312,1914,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This new species brings the number of described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF959E703E9CF8B4FBEBF822" box="[905,1046,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pygoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948DD73FF959E703E9CF8B4FBEBF822" box="[905,1046,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pygoluciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to six.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF959E7039DDF8B5FA61F822" author="Ballantyne" box="[1224,1436,1914,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. (2008) Pygoluciola satoi, a new species of the rare SE Asian firefly genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) from the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 56 (1), 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2008">Ballantyne (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describes another new species from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B41F1FF959E703F78F86DFD0CF80A" box="[621,753,1954,1980]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
with abdominal modifications conforming to those previously described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF959E703C73F805FD3AF852" author="Ballantyne" box="[358,711,1994,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Lambkin, C. (2001) A new firefly, Luciola (Pygoluciola) kinabalua, new species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), from Malaysia, with observations on a possible copulation clamp. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 49, 363 - 377." type="journal article" year="2001">Ballantyne & Lambkin 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006). The record described here from mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B41F1FF959E703822F805FA80F852" box="[1335,1405,1994,2020]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
is exceptional for several reasons: its geographic range, the synchronous flashing, and morphological diversity– it does not possess the elongate projections of male abdominal T8 and
|
||
<date id="FF8227A1FF9A9E7F3EC7FF0FFC0BFF6C" box="[978,1014,192,218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V7</date>
|
||
previously thought characteristic of the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD7C90FF9A9E7F3C01FF27FD7FFEB4" author="Ballantyne" box="[276,642,232,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="16" refString="Ballantyne, L. A. & Lambkin, C. (2001) A new firefly, Luciola (Pygoluciola) kinabalua, new species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), from Malaysia, with observations on a possible copulation clamp. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 49, 363 - 377." type="journal article" year="2001">Ballantyne and Lambkin (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006) included keys to species but this species does not possess the terminal abdomen modifications characteristic of those five species and is not accommodated by that key. In the key to genera here it is the only representative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C7AE2FF9A9E7F3E04FEF7FC63FEE7" box="[785,926,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Pygoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948DD73FF9A9E7F3E04FEF7FC63FEE7" box="[785,926,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pygoluciola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
keyed in couplet 5. Males and females are easily distinguished from existing species by the features listed, especially the dorsal colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |