treatments-xml/data/03/95/11/0395112FFFAB2942FEBDB7CFFBF9FB55.xml

<document id="E964B4A2690DD1474D63E42360F3075B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="492f8ab7-5722-46a5-a00e-e57ae4cfd1f6" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173484" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459775007755" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shelley, Rowland M. &amp; Medrano, Michael F." docDate="2006" docId="0395112FFFAB2942FEBDB7CFFBF9FB55" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01285p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1285" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nesoressa crawfordi Shelley &amp; Medrano, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFAC6957FFA22953FFB5B51EFF8BFFA9" masterDocTitle="Nesoressa crawfordi, n. gen., n. sp., a montane island milliped in New Mexico, USA; proposal of the new tribe Nesoressini and a preliminary cladogram of the lineage &quot; Aniulina &quot; (Julida: Parajulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698217701224" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F3AFEA4813FE4B0FF8C93F948332540D">Nesoressa crawfordi, n. gen., n. sp., a montane island milliped in New Mexico, USA; proposal of the new tribe Nesoressini and a preliminary cladogram of the lineage &quot; Aniulina &quot; (Julida: Parajulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="72268D7C79D07943C9F6412DDE60F00B">Shelley, Rowland M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="793239EC85C3EB709F2632994A8922D0">Medrano, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="24BA8664BFC75AB636D91F5A2729D06E">2006</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAB295AFEBDB7CFFD16FD42" blockId="9.[264,669,721,782]" box="[264,669,721,747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D0CB1755FFAB295AFEBDB7CFFD16FD42" bold="true" box="[264,669,721,747]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAB295AFEBDB7CFFE75FD42" ID-CoL="478CJ" box="[264,510,721,747]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAB295AFEBDB7CFFE75FD42" bold="true" box="[264,510,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Nesoressa crawfordi</emphasis>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFAB295AFEBDB7EAFED3FCA7" box="[264,344,756,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[302,1256,319,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1286,297,1318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nesoressa crawfordi. Head and pleurotergites 1 – 9 of a male paratype, setation omitted. Scale line = 1. 0 0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 5–22
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAB295AFEBDB621FE0BFBE0" blockId="9.[264,1323,830,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAB295AFEBDB621FE48FCF1" box="[264,451,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFEBDB621FEB4FCF1" box="[264,319,831,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
specimens
</emphasis>
. ɗ
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFE4DB621FDD4FCF0" box="[504,607,831,857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 11ɗ and 18Ψ
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFCE7B621FC49FCF0" box="[850,962,831,857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFC62B621FBA6FCF0" box="[983,1069,831,857]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">NCSM</collectionCode>
) collected by R. M. Shelley &amp; M. F. Medrano,
<date id="FF8286F9FFAB295AFDF0B679FD6BFC28" box="[581,736,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="2004-07-24">24 July 2004</date>
, at the summit of Mt. Withington (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAB295AFBCDB679FAACFC28" box="[1144,1319,871,897]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0050232" metricValueMax="3.0117288" metricValueMin="2.9983176" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" unit="ft" value="9.859" valueMax="9.881" valueMin="9.837">9,837–9,881 ft</quantity>
. [
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAB295AFEBAB691FE4DFC00" box="[271,454,911,937]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9575" metricValueMax="2.964" metricValueMin="2.951" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2.9575" valueMax="2.964" valueMin="2.951">2,951–2,964 m</quantity>
]), San Mateo Mts., ca.
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAB295AFD67B691FC9EFC00" box="[722,789,911,937]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5405568" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" unit="mi" value="22.0">22 mi</quantity>
(35.2 km) SW Magdalena, Socorro Co., New
<collectingCountry id="F32BE0A9FFAB295AFEBDB6A9FEEEFC78" box="[264,357,951,977]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Mexico</collectingCountry>
; coordinates are
<geoCoordinate id="EE08C6FEFFAB295AFD9FB6A9FD5FFC78" box="[554,724,951,977]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="33.883083">33°52'59.1&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE08C6FEFFAB295AFD54B6A9FC15FC78" box="[737,926,951,977]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-107.4888">107°29'19.7&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
. Three ɗ, 3Ψ
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFBF7B6A9FB39FC78" box="[1090,1202,951,977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFE92B6C1FEFFFC50" box="[295,372,991,1017]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">FSCA</collectionCode>
; ɗ, 2Ψ
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFE7BB6C1FDB5FC50" box="[462,574,991,1017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFD68B6C1FC92FC50" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[733,793,991,1017]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">CAS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFC90B6C1FCEDFC50" box="[805,870,991,1017]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/km06-gtbn" name="Museum of Southwestern Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">MSB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFCC7B6C1FC44FC50" box="[882,975,991,1017]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">NMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFC6EB6C1FB97FC50" box="[987,1052,991,1017]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nw7q-krra" name="University of California, Davis" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">UCD</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFB9CB6C1FB0DFC50" box="[1065,1158,991,1017]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zxpe-c0as" name="Virginia Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">VMNH</collectionCode>
. Three ɗ, 3Ψ, and
<specimenCount id="9D3A6BB0FFAB295AFE8BB119FE0EFB88" box="[318,389,1031,1057]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="generic">3 juv.</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFE25B119FD8BFB88" box="[400,512,1031,1057]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFDA0B119FDDCFB88" box="[533,599,1031,1057]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/km06-gtbn" name="Museum of Southwestern Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">MSB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2D38FCFFAB295AFDDDB119FD36FB88" box="[616,701,1031,1057]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">NCSM</collectionCode>
) taken at same locality on
<date id="FF8286F9FFAB295AFBA0B119FB3DFB88" box="[1045,1206,1031,1057]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1991-07-28">28 July 1991</date>
by C. S. Crawford.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F3B2FFAB295AFE8DB149FD93FA70" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAB295AFE8DB149FC27FBD8" blockId="9.[264,1323,830,1897]" box="[312,940,1111,1137]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAB295AFE8DB149FE24FBD9" box="[312,431,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. With the characters of the genus and tribe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAB295AFE8DB161FD93FA70" blockId="9.[264,1323,830,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAB295AFE8DB161FE41FB31" box="[312,458,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Color in life</emphasis>
. Pleurotergites generally dark mottled brown (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFAB295AFC4FB161FBB4FB30" box="[1018,1087,1151,1177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[302,1256,319,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1286,297,1318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nesoressa crawfordi. Head and pleurotergites 1 – 9 of a male paratype, setation omitted. Scale line = 1. 0 0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), prozonites lighter imparting faint banded appearance, legs also lighter but epiproct and paraprocts darker. Defensive glands black, barely distinguishable through base color, occasional individuals lighter (perhaps more recently molted) with defensive glands distinctly visible. Epicranium uniformly dark brown anteriorly, becoming mottled at level of ocellaria and continuing caudad to margin with collum, fading in interantennal region and becoming progressively more lightly mottled to level of labrum. Antennae with 7 articles, becoming progressively darker through 6th antennomere, ultimate article pale; articles generally darker on distal halves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F3B2FFAB295EFE8DB0F9FB12FDE7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAB295AFE8DB0F9FC8EF9D0" blockId="9.[264,1323,830,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAB295AFE8DB0F9FE28F9A9" box="[312,419,1511,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAB295AFE8DB0F9FE28F9A9" box="[312,419,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
. Specimen stiff and inflexible, broadly curved near midlength with head tucked tightly beneath 1st legs, impossible to straighten for length measurements without severe fragmentation. Body relatively long, slender, and parallel sided, resembling a largebodied nemasomatid more than a parajulid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAB295AFE8DB399FA9EF8C0" blockId="9.[264,1323,830,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Head smooth, polished. Ocellaria forming inverted triangle with ca. 33 ocelli arranged in 8 rows: 1+2+3+4+4+5+6+8. Facial setae as follows: epicranial 11, clypeal 55, labral not detected. Antennae (Fig. 5) with 7 articles, reaching back to midlength of pleurotergite 3, becoming more setose distad, 1st article subglobose, 25 strongly clavate, 5 with ventrodistal lobe, 6 subparallel sided, 7 short and truncate, with 4 conical, sensory cones, no other sensory structures apparent; relative lengths of antennomeres 2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;6&gt;1&gt;7.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFA82959FEBDB0A5FA95F994" blockId="10.[264,1323,1467,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFA82959FEBDB0A5FE4FFA7A" bold="true" box="[264,452,1467,1491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 5–12.</emphasis>
Anatomical features of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFA82959FD7BB0A2FCD3FA7A" box="[718,856,1468,1491]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFA82959FD7BB0A2FCD3FA7A" box="[718,856,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 5, right antenna, medial view. 6, epiproct and left paraproct, lateral view. 7, left 1st leg of male
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFA82959FC8AB0FFFC16FA51" box="[831,925,1505,1528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, caudal view. 8–9, two midbody legs on left side, caudal views, coxae not shown. 10, penis, anterior view. 11, the same, caudal view. 12, the same, lateral view. Scale line = 0.25 mm for figs. 7–12, 0.75 mm for fig. 6, 1.0 0 mm for fig. 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFA82958FE8DB36FFB3EFE07" blockId="10.[264,1324,1649,1878]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,1876]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
Dorsum smooth, glabrous, and glossy, wholly without setae excepting epiproct. Collum (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA82959FEC0B387FE34F91A" box="[373,447,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[302,1256,319,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1286,297,1318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nesoressa crawfordi. Head and pleurotergites 1 – 9 of a male paratype, setation omitted. Scale line = 1. 0 0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173485/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) moderately enlarged, slightly overlapping epicranium, lateral margins sublinear to lightly rounded. Pleuroterga virtually identical excepting shorter ones at caudal extremity and 7th, which is slightly swollen. Ventrolateral striae conspicuous on anterior pleurotergites (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA82959FDABB20AFDE9F887" box="[542,610,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[302,1256,319,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1286,297,1318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nesoressa crawfordi. Head and pleurotergites 1 – 9 of a male paratype, setation omitted. Scale line = 1. 0 0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173485/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), extending roughly halfway up lateral surfaces, fading and becoming indistinct around segment 15. Defensive glands arising on pleurotergite 6, continuing to antepenultimate segment. Epiproct (Fig. 6) short and blunt, overhanging caudal margin of paraprocts, with 4 long apical and subapical setae, 2 lateral marginal setae, and one ventral seta per side. Paraprocts with margins slightly thickened, with 2 or 3 long marginal setae. Hypoproct short and semilunar, with 2 long marginal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFA92958FE8DB4A2FC4BFC3D" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
1st leg (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA92958FE2AB4A2FE7EFE7F" box="[415,501,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[302,1256,319,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1286,297,1318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nesoressa crawfordi. Head and pleurotergites 1 – 9 of a male paratype, setation omitted. Scale line = 1. 0 0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 7) with 5 podomeres, short and slightly incrassate, tucked tightly beneath head
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFA92958FE05B4FAFE70FE54" box="[432,507,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">in situ</emphasis>
and relatively inconspicuous, relative lengths of podomeres 4&gt;5&gt;2&gt;3&gt;1, 5th narrowing distad, claw bent abruptly ventrad, apically blunt and rounded. 2nd legs strongly reduced, consisting of swollen coxosternum on which penis and greatly reduced telopodites are situated. Subsequent legs with 7 articles, pregonopodal legs not noticeably modified; midbody legs (Figs. 8–9) becoming progressively more setose distad, tarsal claws long and gently curved, apically acute. Sternum of segment 8 not modified. Penis (Figs. 10–12) short and blunt, with shallow apical indentation, sides expanding at midlength, indenting then expanding again, with short, blunt projection arising from midwidth of anterior surface and directed anteroventrad, also with minute, terminal, podomere protrusions (telopodal remnants of 2nd legs) on each side giving rise to one seta and a conical structure resembling a sensory antennal cone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFA92958FE8DB6BCFCE2FB2D" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
7th pleurotergite (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA92958FDA3B6BCFDE5FC15" box="[534,622,930,956]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[302,1256,319,1292]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[298,1286,297,1318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nesoressa crawfordi. Head and pleurotergites 1 – 9 of a male paratype, setation omitted. Scale line = 1. 0 0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA92958FD37B6BCFD41FC15" box="[642,714,930,956]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="12.[264,383,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[353,1247,326,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[353,1248,326,1598]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Gonopodal features of male paratype of N. crawfordi. 13, segment 7, lateral view of left side. 14, the same, ventral view. 15, anterior gonopods, anterior view. 16, the same, caudal view. 17, posterior gonopods, anterior view. 18, the same, lateral view of left side, prostatic groove omitted on stem of solenomere to simplify the drawing; the labeled process &quot; C &quot; is that on the right telopodite. 19, right posterior gonopod, caudal view. ACL, anterior gonopod coxal lobe; C, posterior gonopod telopodal process &quot; C &quot;; CO, coxa; PCL, posterior gonopod coxal lobe; PFP, prefemoral process; S, solenomere; ST, sternum; T, anterior gonopod telopodite. Scale line = 0.25 mm for figs. 15 – 19, 2. 4 mm for figs. 13 – 14." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">13–14</figureCitation>
) with ventral corners overlapping and extending ventrad to form elevated shield on caudal margin of gonopodal aperture, angling dorsad and curving around sides of opening. Anterior gonopod coxal lobes protruding through aperture, angling caudoventrad and nearly or actually contacting elevated caudal margin thus effectively or actually closing opening; posterior gonopods barely visible between/ beneath anterior gonopods and caudal shield
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFA92958FCACB174FCE9FB2A" box="[793,866,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">in situ</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFA9295EFE8DB18CFB12FDE7" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1876]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1324,284,1630]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
Gonopods
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFA92958FE02B18CFD8BFB02" box="[439,512,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">in situ</emphasis>
oriented generally along body axis and lying with ags ventral to pgs. Anterior gonopod (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA92958FE5DB1A4FDF8FB7D" box="[488,627,1210,1236]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="12.[264,383,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[353,1247,326,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[353,1248,326,1598]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Gonopodal features of male paratype of N. crawfordi. 13, segment 7, lateral view of left side. 14, the same, ventral view. 15, anterior gonopods, anterior view. 16, the same, caudal view. 17, posterior gonopods, anterior view. 18, the same, lateral view of left side, prostatic groove omitted on stem of solenomere to simplify the drawing; the labeled process &quot; C &quot; is that on the right telopodite. 19, right posterior gonopod, caudal view. ACL, anterior gonopod coxal lobe; C, posterior gonopod telopodal process &quot; C &quot;; CO, coxa; PCL, posterior gonopod coxal lobe; PFP, prefemoral process; S, solenomere; ST, sternum; T, anterior gonopod telopodite. Scale line = 0.25 mm for figs. 15 – 19, 2. 4 mm for figs. 13 – 14." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
) comprising very large coxal lobe and short, inconspicuous telopodite; sternum broad, equivalent in breadth throughout length; coxal lobe long and broad, extending well beyond level of distal extremity of telopodite, overlying and obscuring medial half of latter in anterior view, contiguous or closely proximate to opposite member basally and covering entire breadth of gonopod, medial margin angling smoothly and subcontinuously ventrolaterad, lateral margin curvilinear, apices broad, flattened, gently rounded, or slanted mediad; telopodite approximately ½ to 2/3 as long as coxal lobe, comprising two segments, basal one short and truncate, with small, rounded, distomedial lobe, distal segment longer and subovoid, with small field of apical setae. Posterior gonopods (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFA92958FE4EB33CFD0DF995" box="[507,646,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="12.[264,383,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[353,1247,326,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[353,1248,326,1598]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Gonopodal features of male paratype of N. crawfordi. 13, segment 7, lateral view of left side. 14, the same, ventral view. 15, anterior gonopods, anterior view. 16, the same, caudal view. 17, posterior gonopods, anterior view. 18, the same, lateral view of left side, prostatic groove omitted on stem of solenomere to simplify the drawing; the labeled process &quot; C &quot; is that on the right telopodite. 19, right posterior gonopod, caudal view. ACL, anterior gonopod coxal lobe; C, posterior gonopod telopodal process &quot; C &quot;; CO, coxa; PCL, posterior gonopod coxal lobe; PFP, prefemoral process; S, solenomere; ST, sternum; T, anterior gonopod telopodite. Scale line = 0.25 mm for figs. 15 – 19, 2. 4 mm for figs. 13 – 14." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 17–19</figureCitation>
) joined by sclerotized sternum, structurally complex with three elongate projections each; sternum with prominent, subtriangular medial prolongation, indented slightly apically; coxa broad, globose laterad; coxal process broad basally and rounded laterad, angling mediad and extending ventrad, narrowly segregated from opposite member in midline; telopodite comprising long, closely appressed, and nearly identically configured prefemoral process and solenomere, parallel and subequal in length, curving slightly anteriad distally and appearing as one in lateral view, former lateral to latter; prefemoral process expanding at 2/3 length into small lateral lobe, curving broadly anterodorsad distally, expanding then narrowing into blunt tip; solenomere slightly separated from prefemoral process basally but otherwise closely appressed, lateral surface expanding at midlength and overlapping medial margin of prefemoral process, continuing distad and curving broadly anteriad apically to bifurcate tip in parallel configuration to prefemoral process; process &quot;C&quot; a subtriangular, spiniform projection closely appressed to caudomedial surface of solenomere, ½ to 2/3 as long as latter, apically acuminate. Prostatic groove running along anterior surface of solenomere to apical opening, visible distad in lateral view through translucent prefemoral process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF43F0B1FFAE295FFEBDB35DFD54F8CB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173489/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[353,1247,326,1560]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAE295FFEBDB35DFD54F8CB" blockId="12.[264,1323,1603,1890]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAE295FFEBDB35DFE59F9F2" bold="true" box="[264,466,1603,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 13–19.</emphasis>
Gonopodal features of male paratype of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAE295FFC15B35AFBA1F9F2" box="[928,1066,1604,1627]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAE295FFC15B35AFBA1F9F2" box="[928,1066,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 13, segment 7, lateral view of left side. 14, the same, ventral view. 15, anterior gonopods, anterior view. 16, the same, caudal view. 17, posterior gonopods, anterior view. 18, the same, lateral view of left side, prostatic groove omitted on stem of solenomere to simplify the drawing; the labeled process &quot;C&quot; is that on the right telopodite. 19, right posterior gonopod, caudal view. ACL, anterior gonopod coxal lobe; C, posterior gonopod telopodal process &quot;C&quot;; CO, coxa; PCL, posterior gonopod coxal lobe; PFP, prefemoral process; S, solenomere; ST, sternum; T, anterior gonopod telopodite. Scale line=0.25 mm for figs. 15–19, 2.4 mm for figs. 13–14.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C326F3B2FFAF295CFE8DB742FB75FC27" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAF295EFE8DB742FD84FC1F" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAF295EFE8DB742FD9FFDDC" box="[312,532,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
Female
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAF295EFE14B742FD9FFDDC" box="[417,532,604,629]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Agreeing closely with males in color and somatic features. Cyphopodal aperture (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFAF295EFDA1B79AFDE6FD37" box="[532,621,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[316,1294,322,1427]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[303,1296,312,1443]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Cyphopodal features of female paratype of N. crawfordi. 20, cyphopodal aperture and cyphopods in situ, ventral view. 21, cyphopods, dorsal view. 22, the same / synoperculum, ventral view. SO, synoperculum; V, valve. Scale line = 0. 42 mm for fig. 20, 0. 50 mm for figs. 21 – 22." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) open, not covered or overlapped by pleurotergal folds or extensions, synoperculum (terminology of
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFAF295EFC80B7B2FBAFFD6F" author="Brolemann" box="[821,1060,684,710]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" refString="Brolemann, H. W. (1922) Notes on female paraiulids (myriapods), with description of a new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 15 (4), 281 - 303." type="journal article" year="1922">Brolemann (1922))</bibRefCitation>
visible in opening, overlying and completely obscuring valves. Cyphopods (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFAF295EFC49B7CAFB1CFD47" box="[1020,1175,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 22" captionStartId="14.[264,383,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[316,1294,322,1427]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[303,1296,312,1443]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 22. Cyphopodal features of female paratype of N. crawfordi. 20, cyphopodal aperture and cyphopods in situ, ventral view. 21, cyphopods, dorsal view. 22, the same / synoperculum, ventral view. SO, synoperculum; V, valve. Scale line = 0. 42 mm for fig. 20, 0. 50 mm for figs. 21 – 22." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
) with two incompletely segregated valves, divided and detached ventrally but coalesced dorsally, located dorsad to synoperculum and obscured by latter
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAF295EFC3AB63AFC5CFC94" box="[911,983,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">in situ</emphasis>
, lateral valve with four setae on ventrolateral margins; synoperculum comprising fused opercula for most of lengths, diverging distad, apically with sides extending into lightly hirsute medial and lateral lobes, former slightly longer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAF295EFE8DB6DAFD90FBFF" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAF295EFE8DB6DAFE2AFC74" box="[312,417,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Var ia t io n</emphasis>
. Aside from minor differences in the distal expansions of the pg prefemoral processes and solenomeres, and the lengths of the medial extensions of the coxal processes, the gonopods of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAF295EFDF9B10AFD69FB84" box="[588,738,1044,1069]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAF295EFDF9B10AFD69FB84" box="[588,738,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are remarkably constant with negligible variation among the populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAF295EFE8DB17AFC7AF9F7" blockId="13.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F32BE0A9FFAF295EFE8DB17AFED2FBD7" box="[312,345,1124,1150]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">As</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAF295EFED4B17AFE7CFBD4" box="[353,503,1124,1149]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAF295EFED4B17AFE7CFBD4" box="[353,503,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rather stiff, inflexible parajulid and tends to lie in a natural curl, individuals fragment severely with all but the gentlest handling. Every individual must therefore be placed in a separate microvial, or it would be impossible to determine which pieces go together, and even with a single individual, it is impossible to determine the sequence of the fragments. To avoid this extreme breakage and leave primarily intact specimens for future workers, we opted for estimations of length and width measurements, which admittedly contain error. For lengths, we measured three or four sections of the curled animals with digital calipers and then added these partial figures; for widths, we gently placed specimens on our fingers and measured with the calipers adjacent to the millipeds without squeezing them. The measurements in the following table therefore contain a small amount of error, which we preferred over reducing the samples to shards and fragments. To ensure accuracy, segment counts were obtained before the measurements and potential breakage, and include the epiproct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAF295EFE4CB3B8FB0CF949" blockId="13.[505,1312,1702,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Length(mm) Width(mm) Segment nos. (including epiprocts)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAF295EFE21B3EAFB6CF8C9" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<table id="F93C5299FFAFD6ACFEA5B3EAFAABF8C9" box="[272,1312,1780,1888]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<tr id="350CA27BFFAFD6ACFEA5B3EAFAABF8A2" box="[272,1312,1780,1803]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFE21B3EAFE3BF8A2" box="[404,432,1780,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">#</th>
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFE4CB3EAFD51F8A2" box="[505,730,1780,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Range Average</th>
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFCBEB3EAFCD0F8A2" box="[779,859,1780,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Range</th>
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFC21B3EAFC67F8A2" box="[916,1004,1780,1803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Average</th>
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFBA8B3EAFBEAF8A2" box="[1053,1121,1780,1803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Range</th>
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFB1EB3EAFAABF8A2" box="[1195,1312,1780,1803]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Average</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350CA27BFFAFD6ACFEA5B200FAABF89C" box="[272,1312,1822,1845]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFEA5B200FEE2F89C" box="[272,361,1822,1845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Males</th>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFE21B200FE3BF89C" box="[404,432,1822,1845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">22</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFE4CB200FD51F89C" box="[505,730,1822,1845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">12.8–17.6 15.7</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFCBEB200FCD0F89C" box="[779,859,1822,1845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">0.8–1.0</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFC21B200FC67F89C" box="[916,1004,1822,1845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">0.9</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFBA8B200FBEAF89C" box="[1053,1121,1822,1845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">43–49</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFB1EB200FAABF89C" box="[1195,1312,1822,1845]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">46.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350CA27BFFAFD6ACFEA5B257FAABF8C9" box="[272,1312,1865,1888]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
<th id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFEA5B257FEE2F8C9" box="[272,361,1865,1888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Females</th>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFE21B257FE3BF8C9" box="[404,432,1865,1888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">22</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFE4CB257FD51F8C9" box="[505,730,1865,1888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">12.6–21.6 17.3</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFCBEB257FCD0F8C9" box="[779,859,1865,1888]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">0.9–1.4</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFC21B257FC67F8C9" box="[916,1004,1865,1888]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">1.1</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFBA8B257FBEAF8C9" box="[1053,1121,1865,1888]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">43–51</td>
<td id="76DDCB07FFAFD6ACFB1EB257FAABF8C9" box="[1195,1312,1865,1888]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">47.68</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF43F0B1FFAC295DFEBDB0B5FE56F982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173490/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[316,1294,322,1427]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAC295DFEBDB0B5FE56F982" blockId="14.[264,1323,1451,1579]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAC295DFEBDB0B5FE5DFA6A" bold="true" box="[264,470,1451,1475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 20–22.</emphasis>
Cyphopodal features of female paratype of
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAC295DFC69B0B2FBE0FA6A" box="[988,1131,1452,1475]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAC295DFC69B0B2FBE0FA6A" box="[988,1131,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 20, cyphopodal aperture and cyphopods
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAC295DFD9EB0D1FDFDFA4F" box="[555,630,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">in situ</emphasis>
, ventral view. 21, cyphopods, dorsal view. 22, the same/ synoperculum, ventral view. SO, synoperculum; V, valve. Scale line = 0.42 mm for fig. 20, 0.50 mm for figs. 21–22.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAC295DFE8DB340FE0FF8B1" blockId="14.[264,1323,1630,1896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">We believe the data collected on widths and segment counts was performed in a sufficiently standardized manner to conduct meaningful statistical analyses. The results of twosample ttests demonstrated that females were significantly broader than males (p&lt;0.0001); however, segment count differences between the sexes were insignificant (p=0.128).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAC295CFE8DB239FB75FC27" blockId="14.[264,1323,1630,1896]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAC295DFE8DB239FE1DF8E9" box="[312,406,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Ecology</emphasis>
. In boreal forests on mountain summits,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAC295DFCC8B239FB9FF8E9" box="[893,1044,1831,1856]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAC295DFCC8B239FB9FF8E9" box="[893,1044,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found on or in moist soil and litter under rocks, fir logs, small twigs, and branches &amp; leaves. A few
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFAC295DFB4DB250FAA0F8C1" box="[1272,1323,1870,1896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
specimens that we collected on Mt. Withington were under large logs, primarily in meadows, but most were encountered in and under moist aspen leaves, fir needles, chips of bark, and other debris in a shallow ditch beside the gravel road that climbs the mountain. Labels in vials with nontypical samples provide the following habitat information: &quot;spruce forest,&quot; &quot;alpine meadow,&quot; &quot;under rocks and in fir litter in deep forest of fir,&quot; &quot;under bark of logs, Douglas fir (
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFD8EB4FAFCCEFE54" box="[571,837,484,509]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFD8EB4FAFCCEFE54" box="[571,837,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Pseudotsuga menziesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFCF8B4FAFC44FE54" box="[845,975,484,510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="variety" variety="glauca">
var.
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFC35B4FAFC44FE54" box="[896,975,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) forest,&quot; &quot;under bark of logs, mixed conifer forest,&quot; and &quot;Berlese sampling of litter from aspensprucefir area.&quot; We suspect that the specimens collected on the &quot;alpine meadow&quot; were actually on moist substrate under a log or rock and not in the open, which was our experience on Mts. Withington and Taylor, as all the individuals we saw were resting quietly. While millipeds in general tend to be poorly vagile, our observations suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFBB5B7B2FB1FFD6C" box="[1024,1172,684,709]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFBB5B7B2FB1FFD6C" box="[1024,1172,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is especially so, perhaps even rather immobile; we therefore doubt that individuals will be found openly wandering, particularly in daylight, as happens with other parajulids. No habitat information is provided on the label with the individuals taken in caves (Cibola Co.), and while the exact environment and collecting site cannot be recalled today, the milliped may have come from cool, moist plant litter in the sinks (S. B. Peck, pers. comm. to RMS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F3B2FFAD2943FE8DB682FEE6FC1F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFAD2943FE8DB682FCD2FE07" blockId="15.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFE8DB682FE4CFC1C" box="[312,455,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known from six localized, allopatric populations in Cibola and Socorro cos., one subterranean and five on highelevation mountain summits (
<figureCitation id="1307BCBCFFAD295CFB21B6DAFB6EFC77" box="[1172,1253,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[289,1320,646,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[280,1321,646,1535]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of the clade &quot; Aniulina. &quot; 1, Aniulini; 2, Gosiulini; 3, Parajulini; dots, Nesoressini. The dashed line denotes the uncertain boundary of both Aniulini and &quot; Aniulina &quot; through Manitoba and western &amp; central Ontario." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173487/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); the aniulinine,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFE3BB6F2FCBDFBAF" authority="Chamberlin, 1925" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1925" box="[398,822,1004,1030]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Aniulis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paiutus">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFE3BB6F2FDCBFBAC" box="[398,576,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Aniulis paiutus</emphasis>
(Chamberlin, 1925)
</taxonomicName>
, occurs sympatrically and syntopically on the summits (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFAD295CFE05B10AFDDEFB87" author="Shelley" box="[432,597,1044,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2001) A synopsis of the milliped genus Aniulus Chamberlin (Julida: Parajulidae: Parajulinae: Aniulini). Texas Memorial Museum, Speleological Monographs, 5, 73 - 94." type="journal article" year="2001">Shelley 2001</bibRefCitation>
). All localities lie west of the Rio Grande and east of the Continental Divide; they are also west of highway
<date id="FF8286F9FFAD295CFCECB122FC1BFBFF" box="[857,912,1084,1110]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" value="1925-01">I–25</date>
, and all but Mt. Taylor are south of
<date id="FF8286F9FFAD295CFEBDB17AFECBFBD7" box="[264,320,1124,1150]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" value="1940-01">I–40</date>
. The montane populations occur along a generally linear, northsouth axis, and the cave population is displaced about
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFD7DB192FC98FB0F" box="[712,787,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="mi" value="60.0">60 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFC9FB192FCF4FB0F" box="[810,895,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="96.0">96 km</quantity>
) westward; it and the Mt. Taylor population, the two northernmost and the only ones in Cibola Co., are approximately
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFABBB1AAFEACFB5F" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="mi" value="60.0">60 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFE83B1C2FE08FB5F" box="[310,387,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="96.0">96 km</quantity>
) apart and are segregated by some
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFCA9B1C2FCE5FB5F" box="[796,878,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="mi" value="150.0">150 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFCC8B1C2FC53FB5F" box="[893,984,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="240.0">240 km</quantity>
) from the four southern ones in Socorro Co., which occur along a
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFD67B01AFCA3FAB7" box="[722,808,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01168" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="mi" value="125.0">125 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFC8EB01AFC10FAB7" box="[827,923,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
) axis. The overall distribution is approximately
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFE0CB032FD87FAEF" box="[441,524,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3796224" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="mi" value="210.0">210 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFAD295CFDA9B032FDF2FAEF" box="[540,633,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="336.0">336 km</quantity>
) long. These mountains are small inselbergs;
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFB20B032FAA0FAEC" box="[1173,1323,1324,1349]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFB20B032FAA0FAEC" box="[1173,1323,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been encountered in extensive ranges like the Blacks and Mogollons, which lie to the south &amp; west and west of the Continental Divide, or the southern ranges of the Rockies to the north. It seems safe to say that
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFD09B0BAFCD9FA14" box="[700,850,1444,1469]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFD09B0BAFCD9FA14" box="[700,850,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is absent from the Sandia Mountains, in Bernalillo Co., which are readily accessible by paved road and cable car and lie east of both Albuquerque &amp; the Rio Grande, as repeated investigations by a number of collectors have not revealed it, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFDCCB302FD7FF99C" box="[633,756,1564,1589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Aniulis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paiutus">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFDCCB302FD7FF99C" box="[633,756,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">A. paiutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been taken there (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFAD295CFBB8B302FB39F99F" author="Shelley" box="[1037,1202,1564,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" refString="Shelley, R. M. (2001) A synopsis of the milliped genus Aniulus Chamberlin (Julida: Parajulidae: Parajulinae: Aniulini). Texas Memorial Museum, Speleological Monographs, 5, 73 - 94." type="journal article" year="2001">Shelley 2001</bibRefCitation>
). We also investigated the Manzano and Sierra Blanca ranges, in Torrance and Lincoln cos., which lie east of the Rio Grande opposite known populations to the west, and did not find
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFAA5B372FEF1F904" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFAA5B372FEF1F904" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, C. S. Crawford has sampled at comparably high elevations in the Capitan Mountains, Lincoln Co., without encountering the species, and the Sacramento Mountains, to the south in Otero Co., have been investigated by numerous arthropod biologists; therefore, we do not believe that
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFAD295CFCA9B212FC39F88C" box="[796,946,1804,1829]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFAD295CFCA9B212FC39F88C" box="[796,946,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs east of the Rio Grande. Few additional ranges exist between the Rio Grande and Continental Divide, so we suspect that few if any additional populations exist; if so, they can only be on remote mountains that are either inaccessible by road or are located on Native American reservations, where visitation requires costly special permits if allowed at all. In addition to the
<typeStatus id="54871E9BFFB22943FEE4B48AFE19FE07" box="[337,402,404,430]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
, the following material was examined:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFB22943FE8DB4A2FEE6FC1F" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
NEW
<collectingCountry id="F32BE0A9FFB22943FE37B4A2FE71FE7F" box="[386,506,444,470]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FDB0B4A2FDF5FE7C" box="[517,638,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Cibola Co</emphasis>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FD03B4A2FD71FE7F" box="[694,762,444,470]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FCBFB4A2FCDCFE7F" box="[778,855,444,470]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
) ENE Grants, Mt. Taylor (elevation not provided), 2ɗ, 2Ψ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FE44B4FAFD04FE57" box="[497,655,484,510]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1953-07-20">20 July 1953</date>
, C. C. Hoff (FSCA); W of La Mosca Peak, Mt. Taylor,
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FEBDB712FEE3FD8F" box="[264,360,524,550]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.919984" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="9.58">9,580 ft</quantity>
. (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FECEB712FE6BFD8F" box="[379,480,524,550]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2.921">2,921 m</quantity>
), 2ɗ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FD92B712FD49FD8F" box="[551,706,524,550]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1953-07-20">20 July 1953</date>
, C. C. Hoff, Gorham, Joseph (FSCA); nr. top of Mt. Taylor (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FED6B72AFE59FDE7" box="[355,466,564,590]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.39852" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="11.15">11,150 ft</quantity>
.,
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FE56B72AFDCDFDE7" box="[483,582,564,590]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.345" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.345">3,345 m</quantity>
), ɗ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FDC8B72AFC9DFDE7" box="[637,790,564,590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1953-07-21">21 July 1953</date>
, C. C. Hoff, Gorham, Joseph (FSCA);
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FB6EB72AFE91FDDF" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3528" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="11.0">11,000 ft</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FE9EB742FE19FDDF" box="[299,402,604,630]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.3">3,300 m</quantity>
), 6ɗ, Ψ, juv.,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FD89B742FC91FDDF" box="[572,794,604,630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1977-08-06" valueMax="1977-08-12" valueMin="1977-08-06">6–12 August 1977</date>
, S. B. Peck (VMNH); and
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FBD7B742FB59FDDF" box="[1122,1234,604,630]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2351472" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="10.614">10,614 ft</quantity>
. (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FB52B742FEA9FD37" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.049" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.049">3,049 m</quantity>
), ɗ, 5Ψ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FE38B79AFDA1FD37" box="[397,554,644,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="2004-07-31">31 July 2004</date>
, R. M. Shelley, M. F. Medrano (NCSM); and
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FBFEB79AFB1BFD37" box="[1099,1168,644,670]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="20.0">20 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FB15B79AFB65FD37" box="[1184,1262,644,670]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
) SW Grants (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FED0B7B2FD93FD6F" box="[357,536,684,710]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.30124" metricValueMax="2.37744" metricValueMin="2.22504" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="7.55" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="7.3">7,300–7,800 ft</quantity>
.,
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FD9DB7B2FD50FD6F" box="[552,731,684,710]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2649999999999997" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="2.19" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2.2649999999999997" valueMax="2.34" valueMin="2.19">2,190–2,340 m</quantity>
), &quot;caves nr. ice caves,&quot; 3ɗ, Ψ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FBF0B7B2FB6FFD6F" box="[1093,1252,684,710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1979-06-23">23 June 1979</date>
, S. B. &amp; J. Peck (VMNH).
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FE4EB7CAFD09FD44" box="[507,642,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Socorro Co</emphasis>
., ca.
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FD75B7CAFC8FFD47" box="[704,772,724,750]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8968192" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="18.0">18 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FCA6B7CAFCEBFD47" box="[787,864,724,750]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
) W Socorro, S. Baldy Peak (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FB04B7CAFAA9FD47" box="[1201,1314,724,750]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16992" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="10.4">10,400 ft</quantity>
.,
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FEBDB7E2FEE6FCBF" box="[264,365,764,790]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.12">3,120 m</quantity>
), Magdalena Mts., 6ɗ, 9Ψ, juv.,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FD40B7E2FC66FCBF" box="[757,1005,764,790]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1979-06-20" valueMax="1979-07-07" valueMin="1979-06-20">20 June–7 July 1979</date>
, S. B. &amp; J. Peck (VMNH) and top of Magdalena Mts. N of Langmuir Lab.,
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FCFBB63AFC36FC97" box="[846,957,804,830]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="10.0">10,000 ft</quantity>
. (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FC64B63AFBBCFC97" box="[977,1079,804,830]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.0">3,000 m</quantity>
), 5ɗ, 2Ψ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FB05B63AFECEFCCF" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1990-08-12">12 August 1990</date>
, C. S. Crawford (MSB, NCSM); and ca.
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FC93B652FCE1FCCF" box="[806,874,844,870]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="40.0">40 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FCCFB652FC4CFCCF" box="[890,967,844,870]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="64.0">64 km</quantity>
) SW San Antonio, San Mateo Peak (
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FEE4B66AFE49FC27" box="[337,450,884,910]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="10.0">10,000 ft</quantity>
.,
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FE66B66AFDBCFC27" box="[467,567,884,910]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.0">3,000 m</quantity>
), San Mateo Mts., 4ɗ, 2Ψ,
<date id="FF8286F9FFB22943FCCFB66AFB9EFC27" box="[890,1045,884,910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" value="1991-07-27">27 July 1991</date>
, C. S. Crawford (MSB, NCSM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F3B2FFB22943FE8DB6DAFE33FBFF" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFB22943FE8DB6DAFE33FBFF" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FE8DB6DAFE38FC74" box="[312,435,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
. We are pleased to name this endemic New
<collectingCountry id="F32BE0A9FFB22943FC76B6DAFB97FC77" box="[963,1052,964,990]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Mexico</collectingCountry>
species for our friend, colleague, and advisor, C. S. Crawford, Emeritus Professor of Biology at the University of New
<collectingCountry id="F32BE0A9FFB22943FEF9B10AFE22FB87" box="[332,425,1044,1070]" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. A specialist in arid ecosystems, he is a longtime student of the state's natural history.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326F3B2FFB22942FE8DB17AFBF9FB55" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFB22943FE8DB17AFDCBF92F" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FE8DB17AFE15FBD4" box="[312,414,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Remarks</emphasis>
. The sample from &quot;caves nr. ice caves,&quot; Cibola Co., is believed to have come from &quot;Ice Caves Resort,&quot; a site that existed in 1979 and was located ca.
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FBEEB192FB1AFB0F" box="[1115,1169,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
(3.2 km) SE of today's &quot;Bandera Ice Caves.&quot; The &quot;Resort&quot; was located in an area called &quot;Lava Crater,&quot; which contained collapsed lava tube caves, one being &quot;Trucket Guano Cave,&quot; now called &quot;Bat Cave.&quot; Other caves and sinkholes exist northeast of El Calderon Volcanic Cone, but according to S. B. Peck (pers. comm. to RMS), they were dry with no special fauna even at wet areas around melting ice. Based on a specimen of unreported sex collected in 1979,
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB22943FEBDB062FE17FA3F" author="Peck" box="[264,412,1404,1430]" pageId="16" pageNumber="49" refString="Peck, S. B. (1982) Invertebrate faunas and zoogeographic significance of lava tube caves of Arizona and New Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 43 (3), 405 - 412." type="journal article" year="1982">Peck (1982)</bibRefCitation>
reported the nemasomatid &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB22943FD4BB062FC0BFA3C" box="[766,896,1404,1429]" class="Diplopoda" family="Nemasomatidae" genus="Nemasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FD4BB062FC0BFA3C" box="[766,896,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Nemasoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FC2FB062FC4BFA3C" box="[922,960,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">uta</emphasis>
Chamberlin, 1912, from this location, the determination being by our colleague, W. A. Shear. We can imagine their consternation at finding a nemasomatidlike julidan in an area so remote from where this slender form was then known. Their identification as, now,
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB22943FC4CB0EAFB45F9A4" box="[1017,1230,1524,1549]" class="Diplopoda" family="Nemasomatidae" genus="Orinisobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="utus">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB22943FC4CB0EAFB45F9A4" box="[1017,1230,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">Orinisobates utus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, surely derived from its being the most proximate julidan with this body form, even though its southern limit is the Wasatch Mountains in northern Utah (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB22943FC79B35AFBFEF9F7" author="Enghoff" box="[972,1141,1604,1630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="49" refString="Enghoff, H. (1985) The millipede family Nemasomatidae. With the description of a new genus, and a revision of Orinisobates (Diplopoda: Julida). Entomologica Scandinavica, 16, 27 - 67." type="journal article" year="1985">Enghoff 1985</bibRefCitation>
), some
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FB66B35AFAA3F9F7" box="[1235,1320,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="400.0">400 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CC40DDCFFB22943FEA5B372FEE7F92F" box="[272,364,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="640.0">640 km</quantity>
) to the northwest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFB22942FE8DB38AFC7CFE9F" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="17.[264,1323,284,1276]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="16" pageNumber="47">We are puzzled by the structure on the pg telopodite that we label process &quot;C&quot;; its presence was confirmed by mounting and examining cleared gonopods from all angles under varying light intensities and magnifications under a compound microscope. Nothing similar exists in eastern North American parajulids, so for now we consider it autapomorphic for Nesoressini. We label it branch &quot;C&quot; because it is overshadowed by the longer and more prominent prefemoral process and solenomere.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B83A039FFB32942FE8DB459FBF9FB55" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,1276]" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FE58B459FD2CFEC8" author="Causey" box="[493,679,327,353]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Causey, N. B. (1974) The phylogeny of the family Paraiulidae (Paraiuloidea, Blaniulidea: Iulida: Diplopoda). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London Number 32, 23 - 37." type="book chapter" year="1974">Causey (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, the 2nd male legs in parajulids are reduced and incorporated into the bilobed penial apparatus, a characteristic (= autapomorphy) for the family, and in Nesoressini, these legs are only &quot;minute rudiments.&quot; There are indeed minute podomerelike protrusions from the penial apex that we think represent the telopodites of the legs; each gives rise to a seta and a conical structure resembling an antennal cone. Under light microscopy, these protrusions could seemingly be &quot;hyaline, membranous tubes&quot; as in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FDD3B729FCF0FDF8" authority="Enghoff 1996" authorityName="Enghoff" authorityYear="1996" box="[614,891,567,593]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Julidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FD7CB729FCF9FDF8" author="Enghoff" box="[713,882,567,593]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Enghoff, H. (1996) The penis as a phylogenetic character in the millipede family Julidae. pp. 313 - 326, In: Geoffroy, J. - J., Mauries, J. - P., &amp; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M., eds., Acta Myriapodologica. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 169, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1996">Enghoff 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and the cones, if not also the apical setae, appear to be sensory structures, so SEM is needed for higher resolution. Longer leglike appendages arise from the apical penial margin in
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FC09B799FD80FD60" authority="(Harger, 1872) (Bollmaniulini)" authorityName="(Harger, 1872) (Bollmaniulini" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Bollmaniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcifer">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FC09B799FB36FD09" box="[956,1213,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Bollmaniulus furcifer</emphasis>
(Harger, 1872) (Bollmaniulini)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FDAEB7B1FCD0FD60" author="Brolemann" box="[539,859,687,713]" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" refString="Brolemann, H. - W. (1902) Le genre Paraiulus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 71, 440 - 447." type="journal article" year="1902">Brölemann 1902, figs. 3–4</bibRefCitation>
), but in the Mexican species
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FB02B7B1FEF6FD59" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Parajulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amulensis">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FB02B7B1FEF6FD59" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Parajulus amulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FE1DB7C9FD3BFD58" authority="Parajulini" authorityName="Parajulini" box="[424,688,727,753]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Parajulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aztecus">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FE1DB7C9FD95FD59" box="[424,542,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">P. aztecus</emphasis>
(Parajulini)
</taxonomicName>
, both authored by
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FC26B7C9FBB3FD58" author="Pocock" box="[915,1080,727,753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1903 - 1910) Class DIPLOPODA, Blainville. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia, pp. 41 - 217. Taylor &amp; Francis, London (Fascicle treating the Parajulidae published in November 1903)." type="book" year="1903">Pocock, 1903</bibRefCitation>
, the appendages are lateral to the penis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FE47B7E1FCAFFCB0" author="Pocock" box="[498,804,767,793]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1903 - 1910) Class DIPLOPODA, Blainville. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia, pp. 41 - 217. Taylor &amp; Francis, London (Fascicle treating the Parajulidae published in November 1903)." type="book" year="1903" yearSuffix="a">Pocock 1903, figs. 9a, 10</bibRefCitation>
), which negates Causey's generalization for the
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FE83B639FE31FCE8" box="[310,442,807,833]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parajulidae</taxonomicName>
as a whole. In
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FDCEB639FC99FCE9" box="[635,786,807,832]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FDCEB639FC99FCE9" box="[635,786,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the penis possesses a short, anteroventrally directed projection from around midlength/midwidth of the anterior surface, which is also evident in
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FE3EB669FD8DFC39" box="[395,518,887,912]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Bollmaniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcifer">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FE3EB669FD8DFC39" box="[395,518,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">B. furcifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
though located farther distad. The penes in these parajulids differ significantly from those in
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FD64B681FD96FC48" authority="Hoffman, 1961" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1961" class="Diplopoda" family="Aprosphylosomatidae" genus="Aprosphylosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darcenae">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FD64B681FBA0FC11" box="[721,1067,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">Aprosphylosoma darcenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FBE0B681FAA1FC10" author="Hoffman" box="[1109,1322,927,953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1961) A new genus and subfamily of the diplopod family Nemasomatidae from the Pacific Northwest. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63 (1), 58 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Hoffman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
(Aprosphylosomatidae)
</taxonomicName>
and apparently also the
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FC89B6D9FB8FFC48" box="[828,1028,967,993]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paeromopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Paeromopodidae</taxonomicName>
, in which the structure is situated caudal to the 2nd legs and is deeply divided with two separate projections that join basally (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FED9B104FD96FB9D" author="Hoffman" box="[364,541,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1961) A new genus and subfamily of the diplopod family Nemasomatidae from the Pacific Northwest. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63 (1), 58 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Hoffman 1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FD9EB104FD58FB9D" author="Enghoff" box="[555,723,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Enghoff, H. (1996) The penis as a phylogenetic character in the millipede family Julidae. pp. 313 - 326, In: Geoffroy, J. - J., Mauries, J. - P., &amp; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M., eds., Acta Myriapodologica. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 169, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1996">Enghoff 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FD5CB104FC2BFB9D" author="Enghoff" box="[745,928,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Enghoff, H. (1996) The penis as a phylogenetic character in the millipede family Julidae. pp. 313 - 326, In: Geoffroy, J. - J., Mauries, J. - P., &amp; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M., eds., Acta Myriapodologica. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 169, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1996">Enghoff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
characterized the parajulid penis as double (with separate gonopores) and without setae; this is the case in these parajulids, although the separate gonopores coexist in a single, coalesced structure, and the penis in
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FAA5B174FEF1FB02" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" genus="Nesoressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">
<emphasis id="B9487C2BFFB32942FAA5B174FEF1FB02" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">N. crawfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses apical cones and a couple of minute setae.
<collectingCountry id="F32BE0A9FFB32942FC41B18CFB9EFB05" box="[1012,1045,1170,1196]" name="American Samoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="48">As</collectingCountry>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FBD2B18CFEC4FB7D" authority="Enghoff 1996" authorityName="Enghoff" authorityYear="1996" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Julidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFADDDC8FFB32942FB7CB18CFECDFB7D" author="Enghoff" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" refString="Enghoff, H. (1996) The penis as a phylogenetic character in the millipede family Julidae. pp. 313 - 326, In: Geoffroy, J. - J., Mauries, J. - P., &amp; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M., eds., Acta Myriapodologica. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 169, 1 - 682." type="journal article" year="1996">Enghoff 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, penial characters warrant greater attention in the
<taxonomicName id="4C3CDBBAFFB32942FC0BB1A4FBCEFB7D" box="[958,1093,1210,1236]" class="Diplopoda" family="Parajulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="17" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parajulidae</taxonomicName>
, which necessarily requires the greater magnification and resolution obtainable through SEM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>