treatments-xml/data/4A/94/15/4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-209-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" ModsDocID="1314-2003-209-1" checkinTime="1663958886913" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 209: 1-134" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 209" docPubDate="2022-09-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" docTitle="Lycianthes bambusarum (Bitter) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 503. 1919." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" masterDocTitle="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1663958886913" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-09-23</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
1. 
<taxonomicName LSID="4A9415A7-7AA4-5747-8D4B-FE948A1F1404" authority="(Bitter) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 503. 1919." authorityName="(Bitter) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 503. 1919." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">Lycianthes bambusarum (Bitter) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 503. 1919.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lycianthes bambusarum (Bitter) Bitter. Drawing by M. L. Szent-Ivany, first published in Symon (1985: fig. 23, as S. umbonatum Symon). Courtesy of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746653" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Lycianthes bambusarum herbarium specimen. Papua New Guinea. Morobe: Conn &amp; Kairo 142 (A). Courtesy of the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746654" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">Solanum bambusarum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 91. 1917. Type. Papua New Guinea. Madang: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Schraderberg”">&quot;Schraderberg&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Schrader Mountain], 1,900-2,000 m, May-Jun 1913, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.L. Ledermann 12129</emphasis>
(holotype: B [destroyed], no duplicates found). Papua New Guinea. Chimbu: Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area, vicinity of Haia, along the Wara oo streamcourse (first river E of Mt.Widau), 640 m, 6 Mar 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.N. Takeuchi 11704</emphasis>
(neotype, designated here: LAE [acc. # 279948]; isoneotypes: K [K000224089, K000449027], L [L.4156113]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum umbonatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbonatum">Solanum umbonatum</taxonomicName>
Symon, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 8: 63. 1985. Type. Papua New Guinea. Morobe: Edie Creek, about 4 miles (6.4 km) SW of Wau, 1,829 m, 26 Apr 1963, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T.G. Hartley 11756</emphasis>
(holotype: CANB [CANB151116]; isotypes: A, BRI [BRI-AQ0080263], K [K001153711], L [L0003674, L.2874714], LAE [acc. # 64346]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes umbonata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbonata">Lycianthes umbonata</taxonomicName>
(Symon) A.R.Bean, Austrobaileya 6(3): 568. 2003. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum umbonatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbonatum">Solanum umbonatum</taxonomicName>
Symon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bitter.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746653" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bitter) Bitter. Drawing by M.L. Szent-Ivany, first published in 
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B89" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon (1985</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 23, as 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. umbonatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. umbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Symon). Courtesy of the Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium (Adelaide, 
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="South Australia">South Australia</collectingRegion>
), reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shrubs, scrambling shrubs, lianas or epiphytes, to 3.5 m tall (long); stems terete, glabrous; new growth minutely puberulent with tiny usually single-celled papillate trichomes less than 0.1 mm long, soon glabrous; bark of older stems pale beige, somewhat corky and peeling. Sympodial units unifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple; blades 4-11 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, less commonly elliptic (i.e., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Craven &amp; Schodde 1258</emphasis>
), slightly discolorous, membranous to chartaceous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, the midrib somewhat keeled adaxially; principal veins 4-5 pairs, prominently anastomosing in arches before the margins; base acute to more commonly attenuate; margins entire; apex acuminate; petiole 0.6-1.2 cm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary fascicles of 1-4 (rarely to 8-10, e.g., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hartley 11434</emphasis>
) flowers, only 1-2 open at a time, completely glabrous; pedicels (0.6 in bud) 1-1.2 cm long at anthesis, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, glabrous or minutely papillate near the base, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly packed in leaf axils. Buds globose, becoming ellipsoid, the corolla exserted halfway from the calyx tube just before anthesis. Flowers 4-5-merous, unisexual and heterostylous, the flowers on individual plants apparently all either short-styled or long-styled and the plants dioecious (needs field testing). Calyx with the tube 2.5-3 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, cup-shaped, glabrous or minutely papillate, apparently fleshy, purple, with 4-5 small umbonate appendages to ca. 0.5 mm long or the appendages absent, the rim entire and extending for 0.25-0.5 mm beyond the appendages, the appendages more prominent in buds. Corolla 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter, purple, stellate, lobed 3/4 of the way to the base, interpetalar tissue absent, the lobes 4-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, erect to spreading, fleshy (stiff and woody in dried specimens), glabrous abaxially and adaxially but densely papillate on tips and margins, the tips cucullate. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 4-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, ellipsoid, somewhat tapering at the tips, bright yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with age. Ovary conical, vestigial in short-styled flowers, glabrous; style in short-styled flowers less than 1 mm long, in long-styled flowers 4-6 mm long, straight, purple, glabrous; stigma bilobed, the surfaces minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.6-0.7 cm in diameter, green (immature? - in 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Streimann 9635</emphasis>
remnants of the style still at apex), the pericarp glabrous, thin, matte, opaque; fruiting pedicels 1-1.3 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, erect or spreading, somewhat woody, purple or green; fruiting calyx a cup-like spreading plate beneath the berry, somewhat thickened and warty (fleshy in live plants?). Seeds 50-70 per berry, ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, round with a deep notch at the hilum, yellowish tan, the surfaces deeply pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells absent. Chromosome number not known.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746654" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
herbarium specimen. Papua New Guinea. Morobe: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conn &amp; Kairo 142</emphasis>
(A). Courtesy of the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Lycianthes bambusarum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746655" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the island of New Guinea; collected only from Papua New Guinea (Chimbu, Morobe, Madang [destroyed type only]).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746655" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant of montane forests with bamboo, 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pandanus" order="Pandanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, between 450 and 2,400 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B38" refString="2020. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
). EOO (7,346 km2 - VU); AOO (44 km2 - EN). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from three localities; in light of this and the threats to forest habitats on New Guinea more generally, I propose a preliminary threat status of Endangered (EN [B1,2ab (iii, iv)]) for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinguished by 
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 113" refId="B11" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59 - 113" title="Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum." volume="55" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of its unifoliate sympodia, narrow leaves and 4-merous flowers; 
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B89" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon (1985)</bibRefCitation>
recognised no other collections as this species, and described 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. umbonata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. umbonatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. umbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on the basis of its 5-merous flowers with distinct 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“umbos”">&quot;umbos&quot;</normalizedToken>
on the calyx. The calyx appendages in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very evident in bud (as in the type of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. umbonatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. umbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but in flower are very small to non-existent (as shown in 
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 113" refId="B11" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59 - 113" title="Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum." volume="55" year="1917">Bitter 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 92). Based on the otherwise widely overlapping descriptions I am here treating 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. umbonata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbonata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. umbonata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. rostellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rostellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from that species in being almost completely glabrous on stems and leaves, having unifoliate sympodia, and having heterostylous flowers. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes rostellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes rostellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctly pubescent, especially on the stems, with stiff, antrorse simple trichomes that often have multicellular bases, has small trowel-shaped minor leaves, and appears to have all bisexual flowers. The two taxa share narrow leaves and berries with numerous deeply notched seeds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The type of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was collected by C.L. Ledermann in his explorations of the central mountain ranges of what is now Papua New Guinea (
<bibRefCitation author="Ledermann, C" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 44" refId="B49" refString="Ledermann, C, 1919. Einiges von der Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluβ-Expedition. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 33 - 44" title="Einiges von der Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluβ-Expedition." volume="55" year="1919">Ledermann 1919</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Veldkamp, JF" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B97" refString="Veldkamp, JF, Vink, W, Frodin, DG, 1988. XI. Ledermann's and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea. Flora Malesiana Bulletin 10: 32 - 38" title="XI. Ledermann's and some other German localities in Papua New Guinea." volume="10" year="1988">Veldkamp et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, W" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 70" refId="B93" refString="Takeuchi, W, Golman, M, 2002. The present status of Ledermann's April River localities in Papua New Guinea. Sida 20: 55 - 70" title="The present status of Ledermann's April River localities in Papua New Guinea." volume="20" year="2002">Takeuchi and Golman 2002</bibRefCitation>
). I have found no duplicates of this collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ledermann 12129</emphasis>
), the original of which was cited as being in the herbarium in Berlin (
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 113" refId="B11" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59 - 113" title="Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum." volume="55" year="1917">Bitter 1917</bibRefCitation>
). These areas have rarely been accessed since 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ledermann’s">Ledermann's</normalizedToken>
collecting, and I have seen no specimens from Madang that correspond to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bambusarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bambusarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. bambusarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Takeuchi et al. 11704</emphasis>
) selected here as a neotype matches the protologue, is from a similar elevation in the same mountain range and has a number of duplicates that are widely distributed, including in Papua New Guinea (where the neotype sheet is held in LAE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-03-18" collectingDateMax="1984-05-31" collectingDateMin="1963-03-18" collectorName="Conn, Kairo, Craven, Schodde, Streimann, Stevens, Symon, Katik, Aseki" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" elevation="800" location="Blue Point" municipality="Mount Kaindi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morobe">
Papua New Guinea. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: near 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:AC3D9FAD04842676CC9C874CFBA7CACB" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Blue Point" stateProvince="Morobe">Blue Point</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:5B38B9B23A68F0C3FDEC56B7904D1FE7" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Mt. Kaindi" stateProvince="Morobe">Mt. Kaindi</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:B558F51D2B8B317FF499895193FBE9FC" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Wau" stateProvince="Morobe">Wau</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1977-04-24">24 Apr 1977</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Conn</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Kairo</collectorName>
142
</emphasis>
(A, K); near Wengomanga, via Oiwa, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:B80A815A288070CD0026CB30DC4298DB" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Aseki Patrol Area" stateProvince="Morobe">Aseki Patrol Area</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1966-04-11">11 Apr 1966</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Craven</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Schodde</collectorName>
1258
</emphasis>
(A, K, L, LAE, US); Wau, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:844BC225B6CFD7EFA785D3125D10D7D2" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Mount Kaindi" stateProvince="Morobe">Mount Kaindi</location>
, contour trail in forest, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" unit="m" value="2390.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" unit="m" value="2390.0">2,390 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1977-07-10">10 Jul 1977</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fallen 374</emphasis>
(L, LAE, MO); Tymne-Wago track, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" unit="m" value="457.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" unit="m" value="457.0">457 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1963-03-18">18 Mar 1963</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hartley 11434</emphasis>
(A, K, L, LAE); Aseki-Spreader Div., Menyamya subdistrict, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="1800.0">1,800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1972-01-08">8 Jan 1972</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stevens LAE-54766</emphasis>
(A, K, L, LAE, 
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
); Ekuti Divide, Bulolo-Aseki road, 
<locationDeviation location="Bulolo">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="km" value="33.0">33 km</quantity>
WSW of Bulolo
</locationDeviation>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" unit="m" value="2250.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" unit="m" value="2250.0">2,250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1982-10-17">17 Oct 1982</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Streimann 9635</emphasis>
(A, E, K, L, LAE); Angabena Ridge, ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:2B670434D73AE9D6430D28A0B3D55A63" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Aseki-Menyamya Rd." stateProvince="Morobe">Aseki-Menyamya Rd.</location>
, Menyamya subdistrict, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" unit="m" value="1675.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" unit="m" value="1675.0">1,675 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1972-01-07">7 Jan 1972</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Streimann</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Stevens</collectorName>
LAE-53892
</emphasis>
(A, K, L, LAE); Aseki road from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A9415A77AA457478D4BFE948A1F1404:3EBF074C47A1C7014F61FDB0F8239BA5" country="US" county="Mt. Kaindi" municipality="Mount Kaindi" name="Bulolo" stateProvince="Morobe">Bulolo</location>
, subdistrict Wau, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">2,300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1977-07-29">29 Jul 1977</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Symon 10632</emphasis>
(K, L, LAE, MO); 
<collectingMunicipality>Mount Kaindi</collectingMunicipality>
, upper slopes of 
<collectingCounty>Mt. Kaindi</collectingCounty>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1984-05-30">30 May 1984</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Symon</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Katik</collectorName>
13822
</emphasis>
(K, L, LAE, MO); 
<collectorName>Aseki</collectorName>
road below the crest, 
<collectingDate value="1984-05-31">31 May 1984</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Symon</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Katik</collectorName>
13829
</emphasis>
(K, L, LAE, MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>