250 lines
29 KiB
XML
250 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="14890762ECE1EE974C7ADD66DF4C4F0C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54508a8c-23ca-4301-b495-b63871ead137" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272528" ID-ZooBank="B0854097-2CA6-41CF-B44C-8A0F49819DA0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477991165189" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chang, Chih-Han, Snyder, Bruce A. & Szlavecz, Katalin" docDate="2016" docId="4A3787AD5450A563FF3C049F4270FEB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4179.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4179 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amynthas corticis Kinberg 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="506" masterDocId="B60EFFD5545BA56FFFAB0075471EFFF3" masterDocTitle="Asian pheretimoid earthworms in North America north of Mexico: An illustrated key to the genera Amynthas, Metaphire, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1698391540546" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="44708BCFC8CE1209BEB743A8AC3D9338">Asian pheretimoid earthworms in North America north of Mexico: An illustrated key to the genera Amynthas, Metaphire, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37EEF6DB9BC144BE67271ED9D379A9B7">Chang, Chih-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="792326628FDEA0231087F76EF539E227">Snyder, Bruce A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A580F1F8EEF34DBE59E1C76C7FDC9F99">Szlavecz, Katalin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="99F7E9A9CAFD1EFF33CD3EC06C394299">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="78303B9F3E0DA0A97F054AF702DFA3F6">2016</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF3C049F4544FAF7" bold="true" box="[151,602,1257,1284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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3.
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FF1F049C4544FAF7" authority="Kinberg, 1867" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" box="[180,602,1257,1284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF1F049C4693FAF0" bold="true" box="[180,397,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Amynthas corticis</emphasis>
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(
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)
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="8A8465305450A564FF3C0579465FFAD6" box="[151,321,1292,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF3C0579465FFAD6" blockId="11.[151,602,1257,1317]" box="[151,321,1292,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5AA52A3E5450A564FF3505794618FAD6" box="[158,262,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,376,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1515]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Color photographs of live individuals of (A) Amynthas agrestis, (B) Amynthas corticis, (C) Amynthas gracilis, (D) Amynthas hupeiensis, (E) Amynthas minimus, (F) Amynthas morrisi, (G) Amynthas tokioensis, (H) Metaphire californica, (I) Metaphire hilgendorfi, (J) Metaphire posthuma, (K) Pithemera bicincta, and (L) Polypheretima elongata, showing interspecific variations in colorations and body shapes. Specimens are from US (A, B, D, G, I) and Taiwan (C, E, F, H, J, K, L). Photo credit: Chih-Han Chang (A, B, D, E, G, H, I) and Wen-Jay Chih (C, F, J, K, L). The photographs of A. minimus and M. californica have been previously presented in Chang et al. (2009 a)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272529/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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B, 9)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8A8465305450A564FF3C05214454F9D9" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF3C05214535FA99" blockId="11.[151,1437,1364,1509]" box="[151,555,1364,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FF3C05214538FA99" authority="Kinberg, 1867: 102" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,550,1364,1386]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF3C05214646FA99" box="[151,344,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Perichaeta corticis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FEF505214538FA99" author="Kinberg" box="[350,550,1364,1386]" page="102" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="1867">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FEF5052146EAFA99" author="Kinberg" box="[350,500,1364,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata nova. Ofversigt af Kongl Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar Stockholm, 23, 97 - 103." type="journal article" year="1867">Kinberg, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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: 102
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF3C0506436EFA7A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1364,1509]" box="[151,1136,1395,1417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955450A564FF3C0506436EFA7A" box="[151,1136,1395,1417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FF3C0506451EFA7A" authority="Baird, 1869" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,512,1395,1417]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diffringens">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF3C0506466AFA7A" box="[151,372,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Pheretima diffringens</emphasis>
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(Baird, 1869)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FDB1050645DAFA7A" author="Gates" box="[538,708,1395,1417]" page="350" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="1937">
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: 350
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1954: 227; 1958: 31; 1963: 12; 1982: 44.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF3C05E74436FA5B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1364,1509]" box="[151,808,1426,1448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FF3C05E7464DFA5B" box="[151,339,1426,1448]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticus">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF3C05E7464DFA5B" box="[151,339,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Amynthas corticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FEC605E7456DFA5B" author="Sims" box="[365,627,1426,1448]" page="235" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FEC605E7455EFA5B" author="Sims" box="[365,576,1426,1448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Sims & Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 235
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FDD705E6443AFA5B" author="Easton" box="[636,804,1426,1448]" page="49" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FDD705E645E0FA5B" author="Easton" box="[636,766,1426,1448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the megadrile species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 40, 33 - 65." type="journal article" year="1981">Easton 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 49
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF3C05C54645FA16" blockId="11.[151,1437,1364,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E28E11955450A564FF3C05C54645FA16" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FF3C05C5466EFA35" box="[151,368,1456,1478]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diffringens">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF3C05C5466EFA35" box="[151,368,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Amynthas diffringens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FE2105C5458DFA35" author="Sims" box="[394,659,1456,1478]" page="235" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FE2105C54541FA35" author="Sims" box="[394,607,1456,1478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Sims & Easton 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 235
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FD3605C54473FA35" author="Reynolds" box="[669,877,1456,1478]" page="120" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FD3605C54424FA35" author="Reynolds" box="[669,826,1456,1478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Reynolds, J. W. (1978) The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). IV. Megascolecidae, with notes on distribution, biology and a key to the species in the state. Megadrilogica, 3, 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="1978">Reynolds 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 120
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 127; 2010: 144; 2011: 270.
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<treatmentCitation id="433F10AA5450A564FB3F05C547FDFA16" author="Reynolds" page="88" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FB3F05C54287FA35" author="Reynolds" box="[1172,1433,1456,1478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Reynolds, J. W. & Wetzel, M. J. (2004) Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America north of Mexico. Megadrilogica, 9, 71 - 98." type="journal article" year="2004">Reynolds & Wetzel 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 88
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 2008: 179.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF3C06674454F9D9" blockId="11.[151,1437,1554,2011]" box="[151,842,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF3C06674629F9D9" bold="true" box="[151,311,1554,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Data sources.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FE96066746D7F9D9" author="Gates" box="[317,457,1554,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Gates, G. E. (1937) The genus Pheretima in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 80, 339 - 373." type="journal article" year="1937">Gates (1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FE7F06674511F9D9" author="Gates" box="[468,527,1554,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms - Introduction to systematics and biology of megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62, 5 - 324. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FDB106674548F9D9" author="Gates" box="[538,598,1554,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FDC106674458F9D9" author="Blakemore" box="[618,838,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2013 a) Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research, 2, 15 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.1.015" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">Blakemore (2013a)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8A8465305450A564FF6C0640425CF89D" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A564FF6C0640425CF89D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1554,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
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<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF6C0640465FF9BD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1589,1614]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Size
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by
|
||
<quantity id="05669B5E5450A564FD990640458DF9BD" box="[562,659,1589,1614]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Segment numbers 79–121. Color of live specimens greenish brown. Male pores paired in XVIII, simple, on circular to oval porophores. Post-clitellar genital markings present or absent, when present, 1–3, small, around each male porophore, confined within concentric circular folds. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5/6/7/8/9. Pre-clitellar genital markings variously present, pre-setal and post-setal; the pre-setal ones widely paired or unpaired on VII–X, behind and median to spermathecal pores; the post-setal ones just in front of each spermathecal pore. Female pore single in XIV. First dorsal pore 10/11, 11/12, or 12/13. Spermathecae four pairs in VI–IX, duct shorter than ampulla, diverticulum with an oval seminar chamber and a longer, slender stalk; stalked glands associated with external genital markings. Prostate glands absent, present, or rudimentary, ducts usually present. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, extending anteriorly to XXII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8A8465305450A563FF6C070F4270FEB3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C22136BB5450A563FF6C070F4270FEB3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1554,2011]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FF6C070F4625F861" bold="true" box="[199,315,1914,1938]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Historically referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FD2A070F4465F861" box="[641,891,1914,1938]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diffringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FD2A070F4465F861" box="[641,891,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Pheretima diffringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FC01070F4380F861" box="[938,1182,1914,1938]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diffringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FC01070F4380F861" box="[938,1182,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Amynthas diffringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FB1A070F4237F861" box="[1201,1321,1914,1938]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FB1A070F4237F861" box="[1201,1321,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been frequently reported in the US.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="72F63CE65450A563FE5907E84270FEB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324406306" country="United States of America" county="The" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="507" location="Reproduction" municipality="San Francisco" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FDC107EB441DF845" box="[618,771,1950,1974]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diffringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FDC107EB441DF845" box="[618,771,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">A. diffringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been regarded as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FB4007EB427EF845" box="[1259,1376,1950,1974]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FB4007EB427EF845" box="[1259,1376,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a long time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FEBC07B746B4F829" author="Easton" box="[279,426,1986,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the megadrile species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 40, 33 - 65." type="journal article" year="1981">Easton 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FE1207B74564F829" author="Blakemore" box="[441,634,1986,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2003) Japanese earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta): a review and checklist of species. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, Electronic Supplement, 11, 1 - 43. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 1439 - 6092 - 00082" type="journal article" year="2003">Blakemore 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FD2207B745CFF829" author="Blakemore" box="[649,721,1986,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2010 a) Cosmopolitan earthworms - an eco-taxonomic guide to the peregrine species of the world. 4 th Edition. VermEcology, Yokohama, 850 pp." type="book" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5450A564FD4B07B744DCF829" author="Chang" box="[736,962,1986,2011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" refString="Chang, C. - H., Shen, H. - P. & Chen, J. - H. (2009 a) Earthworm fauna of Taiwan. National Taiwan University Press, Taipei, 174 pp." type="book" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FC9807B64471F829" box="[819,879,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); recent resurrection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385450A564FB7107B7426BF829" box="[1242,1397,1986,2010]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diffringens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95450A564FB7107B7426BF829" box="[1242,1397,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">A. diffringens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5457A563FF3C00E2466BFF43" author="Blakemore" box="[151,373,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2013 c) Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research, 2, 99 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12651 / JSR. 2013.2.2.099" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="c">Blakemore (2013c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on morphology of
|
||
<typeStatus id="1D2588195457A563FD0400ED4418FF43" box="[687,774,152,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens is still pending confirmation or rejection by molecular studies.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2B404E375457A563FEC600C94687FF26" box="[365,409,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385457A563FDE300C945A3FF27" box="[584,701,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95457A563FDE300C945A3FF27" box="[584,701,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the continental
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BA89762B5457A563FC3E00C944A7FF27" box="[917,953,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
was in
|
||
<quantity id="05669B5E5457A563FBBF00C94375FF26" box="[1044,1131,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.73964" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" unit="in" value="1866.0">1866 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2245ACC15457A563FBDF00C94209FF26" box="[1140,1303,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">San Francisco</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="005AF8595457A563FA8800C94286FF26" box="[1315,1432,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, although the specimen was originally misidentified as part of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385457A563FCCD00954343FF0B" box="[870,1117,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Pheretima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95457A563FCCD00954343FF0B" box="[870,1117,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Pheretima californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5457A563FBD1009543E1FF0B" author="Gates" box="[1146,1279,224,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refString="Gates, G. E. (1937) The genus Pheretima in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 80, 339 - 373." type="journal article" year="1937">Gates 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5457A563FAA700AA4259FF0B" author="Gates" box="[1292,1351,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refString="Gates, G. E. (1954) Exotic earthworms of the United States. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 111, 219 - 258." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A60F4B4A5457A563FAFF0095428EFF0B" author="Gates" box="[1364,1424,224,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" refString="Gates, G. E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 - 77." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="C74160605457A563FF3C01714631FEEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A3787AD5450A563FF3C049F4270FEB3:C74160605457A563FF3C01714631FEEE" box="[151,303,260,285]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="San Francisco" name="Reproduction" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" stateProvince="California">Reproduction</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385457A563FEF4017146C6FEEF" box="[351,472,260,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Perichaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95457A563FEF4017146C6FEEF" box="[351,472,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">A. corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually parthenogenetic.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="059E4D385457A563FC8C017144E8FEEF" box="[807,1014,260,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95457A563FC8C017144E8FEEF" box="[807,1014,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">Amynthas corticis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an epi-endogeic species, competes directly with native millipedes for food resources in the
|
||
<location id="C74160605457A563FCA70152439EFEB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A3787AD5450A563FF3C049F4270FEB3:C74160605457A563FCA70152439EFEB3" box="[780,1152,295,320]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="San Francisco" name="southern Appalachian Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="507" stateProvince="California">southern Appalachian Mountains</location>
|
||
(Snyder
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EAEAA95457A563FB4D015C4200FEB3" box="[1254,1310,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="507">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |