plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/44/B4/4A/44B44ADA7CAE530CAF9107A88A7AA826.xml
maintenance bab4ed9c85 added 44
2024-06-21 12:34:57 +02:00

206 lines
24 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ef918a8-b165-4acd-9b8d-681a8be3179c" ID-PMC="PMC7732820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-169-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" ID-PubMed="33354138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-169-1" checkinTime="1607107116814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Hickman, Ellen J., Guttierrez, Jorge E., Smith, Rhian J. &amp; Hopper, Stephen D." docDate="2020" docId="44B44ADA7CAE530CAF9107A88A7AA826" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 169: 1-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 169" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" docTitle="Lachnanthes caroliniana Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 329. 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140162299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hickman, Ellen J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guttierrez, Jorge E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Rhian J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hopper, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>169</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-169-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:44B44ADA7CAE530CAF9107A88A7AA826" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/44B44ADA7CAE530CAF9107A88A7AA826" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.1.
<taxonomicName LSID="44B44ADA-7CAE-530C-AF91-07A88A7AA826" authority="(Lam.) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 329. 1932." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 329. 1932.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy A swampy environment B detail of the red roots C habit of an adult flowering specimen D inflorescence showing external surface lanate and internal surface glabrous and yellow perianth E detail of a flower being visited by a bee F fruiting inflorescence, with the detail of a fruit in longitudinal section. A by U. Lorimer, B by J. Fowler, C, F by S. Zona and D, E by B. Peterson, fruit detail by J. Bradford." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy. Full colour whole plant illustration. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy A, B root: A portion of the root B cross-section C rhizome in longitudinal section D cincinnus E flower F hair G-I perianth: G outer tepal (frontal and dorsal view) H dorsal view of a inner tepal I side view of the inner tepal with epipetalous stamen J anther (frontal and dorsal view) K-M gynoecium: K cross-section L longitudinal section M stigma N-S fruit: N immature capsule O cross-section P longitudinal section Q placenta with ovules in side view R placenta with ovules in dorsal view S dehisced capsule T-V seed: T dorsal view U ventral view V longitudinal section. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bars: 0.8 mm (A, B); 1 cm (C, D, T-V); 2 mm (E, G-J, N-S); 0.4 mm (F); 1.25 mm (K, L); 0.62 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481934" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lam" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">Dilatris caroliniana</taxonomicName>
Lam., Tabl. encycl. 1: 127. 1791, as &quot;
<taxonomicName family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Caroliana" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caroliana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Caroliana</taxonomicName>
&quot;. Holotype. United States. North Carolina: s.loc., fl., fr., s.dat., Fraser s.n. (P-LA barcode P00382893!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walter ex J. F. Gmel" authorityYear="1791" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera tinctorium" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctorium">Heritiera tinctorium</taxonomicName>
Walter ex J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 113. 1791, nom. superfl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michx" authorityYear="1803" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera gmelinii" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gmelinii">Heritiera gmelinii</taxonomicName>
Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 21, pl. 4. 1803, as &quot;
<taxonomicName family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Gmelini" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gmelini" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Gmelini</taxonomicName>
&quot;, nom. superfl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pers" authorityYear="1805" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heritiera">Dilatris heritiera</taxonomicName>
Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 54. 1805, nom. superfl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Gyrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gyrotheca tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">Gyrotheca tinctoria</taxonomicName>
Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 327. 1812;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Gyrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gyrotheca tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">Gyrotheca tinctoria</taxonomicName>
W.Stone, Pl. S. New Jersey 1: 354. 1911[1912], isonym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pursh" authorityYear="1813" baseAuthorityName="Walter ex J. F. Gmel." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">Dilatris tinctoria</taxonomicName>
Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 30-31. 1813[1814].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Elliott" authorityYear="1816" baseAuthorityName="Walter ex J. F. Gmel." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">Lachnanthes tinctoria</taxonomicName>
Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1(1): 47. 1816.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Wright ex Grisebach" authorityYear="1866" baseAuthorityName="Salis" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes tinctoria subsp. var. var. major" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="tinctoria" subSpecies="var." variety="major">Lachnanthes tinctoria var. major</taxonomicName>
C.Wright ex Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.: 252. 1866. Lectotype (designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
). CUBA. s.loc., fl., fr., 1860-1864, C. Wright 3270 (GOET barcode GOET004073!; isolectotypes: BM barcode BM000923988!; G barcode G00098220!, K barcode K000574289!, MO accession no. MO-202080!, NY barcodes 00073226!, 00073227!, P barcodes P00753470!, P00753471!, S accession no. S-R-3123!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walter" authorityYear="1788" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Anonymos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anonymos tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">Anonymos tinctoria</taxonomicName>
Walter, Fl. Carol.: 68. 1788, nom. rej.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to occur from Nova Scotia (Canada) to Florida (USA), reaching Cuba (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Distribution of Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy. Beige - Temperate Coniferous Forests and Boreal Forests; Yellow - Temperate Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Pink - Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical / Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481935" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
). It grows in marshy and acidic environments, swampy grasslands, and moist pine forests throughout its range, generally producing extensive clonal populations.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481935" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lam.) Dandy. Beige - Temperate Coniferous Forests and Boreal Forests; Yellow - Temperate Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Pink - Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical/Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers and fruits from April to November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a wide EOO (1,886,962 km2) but a narrow AOO (ca. 616 km2). Nonetheless, although generally abundant within its native range,
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. caroliniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is listed as Endangered in four USA States (i.e., Connecticut, Maryland, New York, and Tennessee), as Threatened in Rhode Island and of Special Concern in Massachusetts (USDA-NRCS 2013) and as Threatened in Canada (
<bibRefCitation author="COSEWIC" journalOrPublisher="COSEWIC, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="COSEWIC, 2009. COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Redroot, Lachnanthescaroliniana in Canada. COSEWIC, Ottawa" title="COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Redroot, Lachnanthescaroliniana in Canada." year="2009">COSEWIC 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, following
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B21" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="IUCN’s">IUCN's</normalizedToken>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
recommendations,
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. caroliniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as Vulnerable (VU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically variable regarding stature and colouration, with much of this variation being related to environmental conditions. The roots and underground organs can range from yellowish-orange to dark red, the leaves, peduncles, bracts, and the outside of the tepals can range from light to dark green to bluish-green, and the tepals can be internal surface light green to yellowish-green to bright yellow. Aside from that, plants can range from 10 cm to over 100 cm tall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is commonly considered a widespread weed in blueberry and cranberry crops (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4040334" author="Meggitt, WF" journalOrPublisher="Weeds" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="271 - 276" refId="B32" refString="Meggitt, WF, Aldrich, RJ, 1959. Amitrol for control of redroot in cranberries. Weeds 7 (3): 271 - 276, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4040334" title="Amitrol for control of redroot in cranberries." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4040334" volume="7" year="1959">Meggitt and Aldrich 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28166" author="Robertson" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arnold Arboretum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 216" refId="B46" refString="Robertson, 1976. The genera of Haemodoraceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57: 205 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28166" title="The genera of Haemodoraceae in the southeastern United States." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28166" volume="57" year="1976">Robertson 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-13-00029.1" author="Meyers, SL" journalOrPublisher="Weed Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="747 - 751" refId="B33" refString="Meyers, SL, Jennings, KM, Monks, DW, Jordan, DL, Ballington, JR, 2013. Effect of PRE and POST Herbicides on Carolina Redroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana) growth. Weed Technology 27 (4): 747 - 751, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-13-00029.1" title="Effect of PRE and POST Herbicides on Carolina Redroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana) growth." url="https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-D-13-00029.1" volume="27" year="2013">Meyers et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), pastures (
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrell, J" journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Publication SS AGR 290, Gainesville" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Ferrell, J, Sellers, B, Walter, J, 2009. Control of redroot (Lachnanthescaroliniana) in pastures. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Publication SS AGR 290, Gainesville" title="Control of redroot (Lachnanthescaroliniana) in pastures." year="2009">Ferrell et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
) and to form extensive clonal populations followed by feral swine rooting disturbance (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00064.1" author="Boughton, EH" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 273" refId="B6" refString="Boughton, EH, Boughton, RK, Griffith, C, Bernath-Plaisted, J, 2016. Reproductive traits of Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy related to patch formation following feral swine rooting disturbance. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 143 (3): 265 - 273, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00064.1" title="Reproductive traits of Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy related to patch formation following feral swine rooting disturbance." url="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00064.1" volume="143" year="2016">Boughton et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Nonetheless,
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. caroliniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an important nectar source for many insects (Hopper, pers. observ.) and a pollen source for bees and certain flies. It is viewed as an important &quot;bridge species&quot; supporting flower visitors in summer until fall (autumn) daisies begin to bloom (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00064.1" author="Boughton, EH" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 273" refId="B6" refString="Boughton, EH, Boughton, RK, Griffith, C, Bernath-Plaisted, J, 2016. Reproductive traits of Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy related to patch formation following feral swine rooting disturbance. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 143 (3): 265 - 273, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00064.1" title="Reproductive traits of Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy related to patch formation following feral swine rooting disturbance." url="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-15-00064.1" volume="143" year="2016">Boughton et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Its seeds also constitute an important food source for sandhill cranes (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3799141" author="Valentine Jr, JM" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Wildlife Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="761 - 768" refId="B69" refString="Valentine Jr, JM, Noble, RE, 1970. A colony of sandhill cranes in Mississippi. The Journal of Wildlife Management 34 (4): 761 - 768, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3799141" title="A colony of sandhill cranes in Mississippi." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3799141" volume="34" year="1970">Valentine and Noble 1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink