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<document id="FDFC13D8573ED09786B79AB4DB23A2DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="22660" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4419.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0d6e3e8-7d48-4440-aad9-88eb43736798" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769633" ID-ZooBank="03CAFD21-185F-4C86-ACC3-8CEB61E7F7DD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587999891170" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di &amp; Taylor, Paul D." docDate="2018" docId="CF6D87AAE862D260FF7DF88B0EA9F90E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4419.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4419 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Characodoma wesselinghi Martino &amp; Taylor 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="3354FFD2E84ED24EFFEAFF8E0D46FF89" masterDocTitle="Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698836999326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="421F72E6CECB3170DDE61F1C5227964A">Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DAF9455027AB8A01D16EC5288E13BC5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0EA5B3249282BA79B2B16369F6680A06">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA84C1FF99849B7F795891C91A845FF5">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4EA25D19C0D9520BBCC158F76FFF9DD9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4C2CC08E96FF5BD341BCE0975BDFD96E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EF586AC2AB602F79BCACD62680F1FE1">4419</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="429F54947462D792EE09FAC65C2C6C7D" type="CLB-Dataset">22660</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="247C2E1ABD2C4CCECAD577EA2383F2AB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4419.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CF6D87AAE862D260FF7DF88B0EA9F90E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3799572" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163752446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3799572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF6D87AAE862D260FF7DF88B0EA9F90E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF6D87AAE862D260FF7DF88B0EA9F90E" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E862D262FF7DF88B0F59F896" box="[151,543,1797,1823]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE862D262FF7DF88B0F59F896" blockId="44.[151,543,1797,1857]" box="[151,543,1797,1823]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="1C3381D0E862D262FF7DF88B0F59F896" bold="true" box="[151,543,1797,1823]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE862D262FF7DF88B0F59F896" bold="true" box="[151,543,1797,1823]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE862D262FF7DF88B0C93F896" ID-CoL="86FPY" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,469,1797,1823]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE862D262FF7DF88B0C93F896" bold="true" box="[151,469,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Characodoma wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E862D262FE36F88B0F59F896" box="[476,543,1797,1823]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E862D262FF7DF8A60CF4F8C8" box="[151,434,1832,1857]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE862D262FF7DF8A60CF4F8C8" blockId="44.[151,543,1797,1857]" box="[151,434,1832,1857]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
(
<figureCitation id="DFFF2A39E862D262FF75F8A60C7AF8C8" box="[159,316,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 133–136" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,835,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,835,1903]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 133–136. Characodoma wesselinghi n. sp., Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 133, 134. Holotype RGM.1350579. 133. View of a branch (erect growth phase). 134. Group of zooids with various adventitious avicularia. 135. Paratype, RGM.1350580, close-up of zooids with partly-formed ooecia. 136. Paratype, RGM.1350581, colony on a shell fragment (encrusting growth phase). Scale bars: Fig. 133 = 500 µm; Figs 134, 136 = 200 µm; Fig. 135 = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769715/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 133–136</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="0A460307E862D262FEA2F8A60CECF8C8" box="[328,426,1832,1857]" captionStart="TABLE 30" captionStartId="46.[151,239,1377,1400]" captionText="TABLE 30. Measurements (in µm) of Characodoma wesselinghi n. sp." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Table 30</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E862D262FF7DF8FE0CB1F824" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE862D262FF7DF8FE0CB1F824" blockId="44.[151,1436,1904,2037]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE862D262FF7DF8FE0C31F800" bold="true" box="[151,375,1904,1929]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figured material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="987F881EE862D262FE67F8FE0CBEF800" box="[397,504,1904,1929]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E862D262FDF8F8FE0F13F800" box="[530,597,1904,1929]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
.1350579, and
<typeStatus id="987F881EE862D262FCFCF8FF0EC2F800" box="[790,900,1905,1929]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E862D262FC74F8FE0EA7F800" box="[926,993,1904,1929]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
.1350580,
<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E862D262FB8EF8FE09EEF800" box="[1124,1192,1904,1929]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
.1350581, Holocene,
<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E862D262FF7DF81B0DA1F824" box="[151,231,1941,1965]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">UPGG</collectionCode>
041, off
<collectingRegion id="8500F85EE862D262FEA8F81A0CB2F824" box="[322,500,1940,1965]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E862D263FF2DF8360830FF5D" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE862D263FF2DF8360830FF5D" blockId="44.[151,1436,1904,2037]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE862D262FF2DF8360C07F858" bold="true" box="[199,321,1976,2001]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colony with an encrusting and erect phase of growth. Autozooids hexagonal. Frontal shield granular, with a single row of marginal areolar pores. Orifice cleithridiate. Oral spines absent. Avicularia adventitious, single but commonly paired, placed below and/or lateral to the orifice, elliptical to rounded triangular, with a complete crossbar. A third, lozenge-shaped avicularium may occur on the proximolateral zooidal corner.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E863D263FF2DFF510925FE94" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE863D263FF2DFF510925FE94" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE863D263FF2DFF510C08FF71" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after Dr Frank Wesselingh, fossil mollusc researcher at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden,
<collectingCountry id="3FD3762CE863D263FF16FE8A0CFCFE94" box="[252,442,260,285]" name="Netherlands" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
), who kindly provided part of the material used in this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E863D263FF2DFEA90990FC9C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE863D263FF2DFEA90990FC9C" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE863D263FF2DFEA90C1FFEC9" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
Colony characterized by an erect phase of growth inferred to arise from the encrusting phase, found usually on small shell fragments, with zooids arranged quincuncially. The isolated erect phase consisting of tubular to club-shaped branches, dichotomizing at right angles with zooids arranged in 4–6 alternate, longitudinal rows. Autozooids distinct, bordered by shallow interzooidal grooves, hexagonal, longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.29). Frontal shield convex, coarsely granular, with a single row of small, circular, marginal areolar pores (
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FABFFE390DFBFE7C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 µm</quantity>
in diameter) along the proximolateral zooidal margins. Primary orifice cleithridiate, a horseshoe-shaped anter separated from a narrower, shallow, bowl-shaped sinus by two small, triangular, proximomedially directed condyles. Oral spines absent. Avicularia adventitious, single but commonly paired. When a single avicularium is present, this is suboral, median and transversely placed, elliptical with a complete crossbar,
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FB50FDC6087AFDE9" box="[1210,1340,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="100.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="90.0">90–110 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FF7DFDE20C4FFD0C" box="[151,265,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="55.0">55–75 µm</quantity>
wide; in zooids with paired avicularia, the second avicularium is placed proximolateral to the orifice, the rostrum is raised and distolaterally directed, rounded triangular with complete crossbar, about
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FB54FD010879FD21" box="[1214,1343,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="100.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="95.0">95–105 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FF7DFD3A0C4DFD44" box="[151,267,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55–70 µm</quantity>
wide. A third, larger (about
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FDBFFD3A0FA2FD44" box="[597,740,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.225" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="122.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="115.0">115–130 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E863D263FCA1FD3A0E88FD44" box="[843,974,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">90–100 µm</quantity>
large), lozenge-shaped avicularium may occur on the proximolateral zooidal corner on a swollen cystid, distolaterally directed with complete crossbar. Avicularian cystids sometimes outlined by marginal areolar pores. No complete ooecia observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="13BB6634E863D263FF7DF80D0855F87F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769715" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769715/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,264,1923,1946]" targetBox="[151,1436,835,1903]" targetPageId="45">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE863D263FF7DF80D0855F87F" blockId="45.[151,1436,1923,2038]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE863D263FF7DF80D0C32F810" bold="true" box="[151,372,1923,1946]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 133–136.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE863D263FE6BF80A0FD3F813" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[385,661,1924,1946]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE863D263FE6BF80A0FD3F813" box="[385,661,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Characodoma wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E863D263FD48F80A0FA4F810" box="[674,738,1924,1945]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE863D263FD48F80A0FA4F810" bold="true" box="[674,738,1924,1945]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 133, 134. Holotype RGM.1350579. 133. View of a branch (erect growth phase). 134. Group of zooids with various adventitious avicularia. 135. Paratype, RGM.1350580, close-up of zooids with partly-formed ooecia. 136. Paratype, RGM.1350581, colony on a shell fragment (encrusting growth phase). Scale bars: Fig. 133 = 500 µm; Figs 134, 136 = 200 µm; Fig. 135 = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E860D260FF2DFF190EA9F90E" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF2DFF190E5CFD44" blockId="46.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF2DFF190C7DFF39" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
Thirty specimens of
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FDDEFF190E27FF39" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[564,865,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FDDEFF190E27FF39" box="[564,865,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FC81FF190EEAFF39" bold="true" box="[875,940,151,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FC81FF190EEAFF39" box="[875,940,151,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were found in our samples.
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FB16FF190C5CFF5C" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FB16FF190C5CFF5C" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FECEFF320C23FF5C" bold="true" box="[292,357,188,213]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FECEFF320C23FF5C" box="[292,357,188,213]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is very similar to the Recent
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FD2EFF320860FF5D" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[708,1318,188,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FD2EFF32094DFF5C" box="[708,1035,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma biavicularium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE860D260FBF6FF320859FF5D" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[1052,1311,188,213]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref39693" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described from the
<collectingCountry id="3FD3762CE860D260FEEDFF510CCFFF71" box="[263,393,223,248]" name="Philippines" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. However, examination of the
<typeStatus id="987F881EE860D260FD1DFF510E1FFF71" box="[759,857,223,248]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
USNM8067 of
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FBF6FF6E0999FF71" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1052,1247,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FBF6FF6E0999FF71" box="[1052,1247,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. biavicularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proved the two species to be different (
<figureCitation id="DFFF2A39E860D260FE77FE8A0F7AFE95" box="[413,572,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 137, 138" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1283,1306]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,769,1262]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,769,1262]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 137, 138. Characodoma biavicularium (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929), holotype, USNM 8067, Recent, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. 137. Group of zooids. 138. Close-up of two autozooids. Scale bars: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769719/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 137–138</figureCitation>
). The constant avicularium present in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FC03FE8B09E1FE94" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1001,1191,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FC03FE8B09E1FE94" box="[1001,1191,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. biavicularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is placed parallel and lateral to the orifice and is larger than the proximolateral avicularium observed in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FBD6FEA609A7FEC9" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[1084,1249,295,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FBD6FEA609A7FEC9" box="[1084,1249,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FB03FEA9086FFEC9" bold="true" box="[1257,1321,295,320]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FB03FEA9086FFEC9" box="[1257,1321,295,320]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FAD3FEA60DFBFEEC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="125.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="110.0">110–140 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FEF5FEC20C30FEEC" box="[287,374,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
wide in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FE3CFEC30FD2FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[470,660,332,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FE3CFEC30FD2FEEC" box="[470,660,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. biavicularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FD50FEC20E7DFEEC" box="[698,827,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.05" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="100.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="95.0">95–105 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FC77FEC20956FEEC" box="[925,1040,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55–70 µm</quantity>
large in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FB9BFEC30853FEEC" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[1137,1301,332,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FB9BFEC30853FEEC" box="[1137,1301,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FAF1FEC2081CFEEC" bold="true" box="[1307,1370,332,357]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FAF1FEC2081CFEEC" box="[1307,1370,332,357]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). It is also lozenge-shaped rather than rounded triangular, and the crossbar is much more conspicuous (
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FAE9FEE1083AFE01" box="[1283,1404,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 µm</quantity>
in width in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FEE8FE1B0C85FE24" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[258,451,404,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FEE8FE1B0C85FE24" box="[258,451,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. biavicularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FE18FE1A0F79FE24" box="[498,575,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FD80FE1B0E57FE24" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[618,785,404,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FD80FE1B0E57FE24" box="[618,785,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FCF6FE1A0E18FE24" bold="true" box="[796,862,404,429]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FCF6FE1A0E18FE24" box="[796,862,404,429]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). The second, additional avicularium is oval and smaller than those observed in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FE19FE360FD1FE59" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[499,663,439,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FE19FE360FD1FE59" box="[499,663,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FD77FE390F9BFE59" bold="true" box="[669,733,439,464]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FD77FE390F9BFE59" box="[669,733,439,464]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(ca
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FCE7FE360E10FE59" box="[781,854,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FC53FE390945FE59" box="[953,1027,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 µm</quantity>
wide in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FB8EFE360864FE59" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1124,1314,439,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FB8EFE360864FE59" box="[1124,1314,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. biavicularium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FAA3FE360DFBFE7C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="100.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="90.0">90–110 µm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="803C9B59E860D260FEF7FE520CD6FE7C" box="[285,400,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="55.0">55–75 µm</quantity>
wide in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FE05FE530FD4FE7C" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[495,658,476,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FE05FE530FD4FE7C" box="[495,658,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FD72FE520F90FE7C" bold="true" box="[664,726,476,501]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FD72FE520F90FE7C" box="[664,726,476,501]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), and although sometimes located and directed in the same way as the constant avicularium in
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FE18FD8E0FD0FD91" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[498,662,511,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FE18FD8E0FD0FD91" box="[498,662,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FD74FE710F98FD91" bold="true" box="[670,734,511,536]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FD74FE710F98FD91" box="[670,734,511,536]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, it is often located medially on the frontal shield and directed proximally. The two growth-form phases, encrusting and erect, have been observed also in the Miocene
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FA68FDAB0CF1FDE9" authority="(Waters, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="excubans">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FA68FDAB0DB9FDE9" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. excubans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE860D260FEF9FDC60CE9FDE9" author="Waters, A. W." box="[275,431,584,608]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="309 - 347" refId="ref43477" refString="Waters, A. W. (1881) On fossil chilostomatous Bryozoa from south-west Victoria, Australia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 37, 309 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1881.037.01 - 04.29" type="journal article" year="1881">Waters, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="3FD3762CE860D260FDEDFDC90F37FDE9" box="[519,625,583,608]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Although in both species the two phases have been observed only isolated, they have identical zooids in all characters.
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FD06FDE20EBAFD0C" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[748,1020,620,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="excubans">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FD06FDE20EBAFD0C" box="[748,1020,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma excubans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FB79FDE30871FD0C" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[1171,1335,620,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FB79FDE30871FD0C" box="[1171,1335,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C. wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FAD4FDE20838FD0C" bold="true" box="[1342,1406,620,645]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FAD4FDE20838FD0C" box="[1342,1406,620,645]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in having a pair of triangular, proximally directed avicularia flanking the orifice, or a single largely spatulate avicularium proximal to the orifice and laterally directed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="13BB6634E860D260FF7DFA8D095CFAB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769719/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,264,1283,1306]" targetBox="[151,1436,769,1262]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DFA8D095CFAB0" blockId="46.[151,1436,1283,1337]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DFA8D0C2BFA90" bold="true" box="[151,365,1283,1306]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 137, 138.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FE99FA8A0ED7FA93" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[371,913,1284,1306]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biavicularium">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FE99FA8A0FDEFA93" box="[371,664,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma biavicularium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE860D260FD4CFA8A0ECCFA93" author="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S." box="[678,906,1284,1306]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref39693" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, USNM 8067, Recent, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. 137. Group of zooids. 138. Close-up of two autozooids. Scale bars: 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="13BB6634E860D260FF7DFAEF0ED4FAF1" box="[151,914,1377,1400]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DFAEF0ED4FAF1" blockId="46.[151,914,1377,1400]" box="[151,914,1377,1400]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DFAEF0C51FAF1" bold="true" box="[151,279,1377,1400]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">TABLE 30.</emphasis>
Measurements (in µm) of
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FDDEFAEF0E09FAF1" authority="Martino &amp; Taylor, 2018" authorityName="Martino &amp; Taylor" authorityYear="2018" box="[564,847,1377,1400]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="wesselinghi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FDDEFAEF0E09FAF1" box="[564,847,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma wesselinghi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E8357D5E860D260FCBCFAEF0ED4FAF1" box="[854,914,1377,1400]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FE0AFA1B0853F9C6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<table id="35C4C41CE8602DB1FF75FA1A0868F9C6" box="[159,1326,1428,1615]" colsContinueIn="53.[159,1327,1497,1684]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rowsContinueFrom="44.[159,1324,1265,1453]">
<tr id="F9F434FEE8602DB1FF75FA1A0868FA23" box="[159,1326,1428,1450]" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FE0AFA1A0FEBFA23" box="[480,685,1428,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N (colonies, zooids)</th>
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FCD8FA1A0E2AFA23" box="[818,876,1428,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mean</th>
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FBE9FA1A0962FA23" box="[1027,1060,1428,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">SD</th>
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FB3FFA1A0868FA23" box="[1237,1326,1428,1450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Range</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F9F434FEE8602DB1FF75FA330868FA5A" box="[159,1326,1469,1491]" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FF75FA330C6AFA5A" box="[159,300,1469,1491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Zooid length</th>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FE0AFA330FEBFA5A" box="[480,685,1469,1491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2, 12</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FCD8FA330E2AFA5A" box="[818,876,1469,1491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">442</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FBE9FA330962FA5A" box="[1027,1060,1469,1491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">46</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FB3FFA330868FA5A" box="[1237,1326,1469,1491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">372–510</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F9F434FEE8602DB1FF75FA680868FA75" box="[159,1326,1510,1532]" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FF75FA680C6AFA75" box="[159,300,1510,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Zooid width</th>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FE0AFA680FEBFA75" box="[480,685,1510,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2, 12</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FCD8FA680E2AFA75" box="[818,876,1510,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">344</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FBE9FA680962FA75" box="[1027,1060,1510,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">36</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FB3FFA680868FA75" box="[1237,1326,1510,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">298–412</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F9F434FEE8602DB1FF75F99E0868F9AF" box="[159,1326,1552,1574]" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FF75F99E0C6AF9AF" box="[159,300,1552,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Orifice length</th>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FE0AF99E0FEBF9AF" box="[480,685,1552,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2, 10</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FCD8F99E0E2AF9AF" box="[818,876,1552,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">120</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FBE9F99E0962F9AF" box="[1027,1060,1552,1574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">8</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FB3FF99E0868F9AF" box="[1237,1326,1552,1574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">110–126</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F9F434FEE8602DB1FF75F9B70868F9C6" box="[159,1326,1593,1615]" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<th id="BA255D82E8602DB1FF75F9B70C6AF9C6" box="[159,300,1593,1615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Orifice width</th>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FE0AF9B70FEBF9C6" box="[480,685,1593,1615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2, 10</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FCD8F9B70E2AF9C6" box="[818,876,1593,1615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">90</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FBE9F9B70962F9C6" box="[1027,1060,1593,1615]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">3</td>
<td id="BA255D82E8602DB1FB3FF9B70868F9C6" box="[1237,1326,1593,1615]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">87–94</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DF9FE0EA9F90E" blockId="46.[151,1007,1648,1671]" box="[151,1007,1648,1671]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N, Number of colonies and number of zooids measured; SD, standard deviation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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