285 lines
35 KiB
XML
285 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="31F4D01B62C77672E607B8359B9C8C83" ID-CLB-Dataset="22660" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4419.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0d6e3e8-7d48-4440-aad9-88eb43736798" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769633" ID-ZooBank="03CAFD21-185F-4C86-ACC3-8CEB61E7F7DD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587999891170" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di & Taylor, Paul D." docDate="2018" docId="CF6D87AAE860D27EFF7DF9430EA9FB9C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4419.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4419 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Characodoma latisinuatum Harmer 1957" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="3354FFD2E84ED24EFFEAFF8E0D46FF89" masterDocTitle="Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698836999326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D902738F4D2C12FBE06C994D97EFC0DF">Early Pleistocene and Holocene bryozoans from Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9CF0ADD3B6A2819480E92CA46E74D1A6">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A85C13F81FDED25508E17ED4D5DDA97">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A9FDD421B30E2C41AF80AE44BBD5CE4D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CF6D87AAE860D27EFF7DF9430EA9FB9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3799568" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163752447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3799568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF6D87AAE860D27EFF7DF9430EA9FB9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF6D87AAE860D27EFF7DF9430EA9FB9C" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E860D260FF7DF9430FEEF96E" box="[151,680,1741,1767]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DF9430FEEF96E" blockId="46.[151,680,1741,1801]" box="[151,680,1741,1767]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="1C3381D0E860D260FF7DF9430FEEF96E" bold="true" box="[151,680,1741,1767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DF9430FEEF96E" bold="true" box="[151,680,1741,1767]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DF9430C13F96E" bold="true" box="[151,341,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">‘Characodoma’</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FEB7F9430FEEF96E" ID-CoL="TMT5" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[349,680,1741,1767]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FEB7F9430CB1F96E" bold="true" box="[349,503,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">latisinuatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE860D260FE16F9430FEEF96E" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[508,680,1741,1767]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref40873" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora, II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E860D260FF7DF97E0CF5F881" box="[151,435,1776,1801]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DF97E0CF5F881" blockId="46.[151,680,1741,1801]" box="[151,435,1776,1801]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(
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<figureCitation id="DFFF2A39E860D260FF75F97E0C7AF880" box="[159,316,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 139–145" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1796,1819]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,581,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[228,1362,581,1788]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 139–145. ‘Characodoma’ latisinuatum Harmer, 1957, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 139–141. RGM.1350582. 139. Colony starting as an encrustation on a bivalve shell fragment, and developing an erect portion independent of the substrate; note the spinose appearance of the frontal shield of the ontogenetically older zooids compared to the smooth or finely tuberculate frontal shield of the latest budded zooids. 140. Close-up of a zooid with spinose frontal shield. 141. Close-up of zooids with smooth to finely tuberculate frontal shield. 142–144. RGM.1350583. 142. Colony covering both sides of a shell fragment. 143. Group of ovicellate zooids with single or paired adventitious avicularia. 144. Close-up of an orifice. 145. RGM.1350584, group of zooids with sealed orifice and ooecium owing to secondary calcification. Scale bars: Figs 139, 142 = 500 µm; Figs 140, 141, 145 = 100 µm; Fig. 143 = 200 µm; Fig. 144 = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769721/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 139–145</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="0A460307E860D260FEA2F97E0CECF881" box="[328,426,1776,1801]" captionStart="TABLE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 31. Measurements (in µm) of ‘Characodoma’ latisinuatum Harmer, 1957." pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Table 31</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E860D260FF7DF8BD0E27F8EE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DF8BD0E02F8C0" blockId="46.[151,865,1843,1895]" box="[151,836,1843,1865]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="67D41192E860D260FF7DF8BD0E02F8C0" box="[151,836,1843,1865]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="C66510ADE860D260FF7DF8BD0FC7F8C0" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[151,641,1843,1865]" page="1007" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1957">
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<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FF7DF8BD0FC7F8C0" ID-CoL="TMT5" authority="Harmer, 1957: 1007" authorityName="Harmer" authorityPageNumber="1007" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,641,1843,1865]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DF8BD0CEAF8C0" box="[151,428,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Characodoma latisinuatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE860D260FE59F8BA0FC7F8C0" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[435,641,1843,1865]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref40873" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora, II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957: 1007</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 68, figs 28–30.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DF8DF0E27F8EE" blockId="46.[151,865,1843,1895]" box="[151,865,1873,1895]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DF8DF0C02F8EE" box="[151,324,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FF74F8DF0C7BF8EE" ID-CoL="84ND7" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1900" box="[158,317,1873,1895]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Characodoma</taxonomicName>
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”
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE860D260FEA0F8DF0FA2F8EE" ID-CoL="TMT5" authority=": Cook & Bock, 1996: p. 85" authorityName="Cook & Bock" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1996" box="[330,740,1873,1895]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FEA0F8DF0C8EF8EE" box="[330,456,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">latisinuatum</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE860D260FE3CF8DF0FE3F8EE" author="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E." box="[470,677,1873,1895]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref39936" refString="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E. (1996) Characodoma Maplestone, a senior synonym of Cleidochasma Harmer (Cleidochasmatidae). In: Gordon, D. P., Smith, A. M. & Grant-Mackie, J. A. (Eds.), Bryozoans in Space and Time. NIWA, Wellington, pp. 81 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1996">Cook & Bock, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 85
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 18, 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E860D260FF7DF81A082BF824" box="[151,1389,1940,1965]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF7DF81A082BF824" blockId="46.[151,1436,1940,2037]" box="[151,1389,1940,1965]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF7DF81A0C2EF824" bold="true" box="[151,360,1940,1965]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figured material.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E860D260FE85F81A0CF4F824" box="[367,434,1940,1965]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
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.1350582,
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<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E860D260FDCCF81A0F2CF824" box="[550,618,1940,1965]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
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.1350583,
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<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E860D260FD37F81A0E66F824" box="[733,800,1940,1965]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
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.1350584, Holocene,
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<collectionCode id="21D5AE79E860D260FBE7F81A091BF825" box="[1037,1117,1940,1964]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">UPGG</collectionCode>
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041, off
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<collectingRegion id="8500F85EE860D260FB52F81A082FF824" box="[1208,1385,1940,1965]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">South Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E860D261FF2DF8360FD4FD91" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE860D260FF2DF83608DAF87C" blockId="46.[151,1436,1940,2037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE860D260FF2DF8360C1FF858" bold="true" box="[199,345,1976,2001]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony characterized by an encrusting phase covering minute fragments of shells, sometimes on both sides, and subsequently developing an erect phase. Autozooids arranged quincuncially, distinct by shallow
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE861D261FF7DFF190FD4FD91" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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interzooidal furrows, hexagonal to irregularly polygonal, slightly longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.14); porechamber windows small (about
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<quantity id="803C9B59E861D261FDE3FF320F13FF5C" box="[521,597,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
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long), transversely oval, visible on the inner vertical walls of broken or incomplete zooids. Frontal shield convex, evenly pseudoporous except around the orifice, at first smooth becoming finely tuberculate and almost spinous with ontogeny; pseudopores numerous, small (
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<quantity id="803C9B59E861D261FB68FE8A09BDFE94" box="[1154,1275,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12–18 µm</quantity>
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in diameter), circular; marginal areolar pores undistinguishable. Primary orifice cleithridiate, almost equidimensional, a rounded anter separated from a widely arcuate sinus by two small, triangular, proximomedially directed condyles. Oral spines absent. Avicularia adventitious, commonly single, sometimes paired, monomorphic, triangular, placed lateral and pointing the orifice; rostrum raised and crossbar complete. Ooecia prominent, globular, broader than long, finely tuberculate, with an uncalcified frontal slit, almost as long as the entire ooecium (about
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<quantity id="803C9B59E861D261FAE8FE39081FFE59" box="[1282,1369,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
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long) and usually broadest at its mid-length (
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<quantity id="803C9B59E861D261FDB9FE520F8FFE7C" box="[595,713,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 µm</quantity>
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wide), becoming closed only by the development of secondary calcification, which may also seal the orifice.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="13BB6634E861D261FF7DF88A0958F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769721/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" startId="47.[151,264,1796,1819]" targetBox="[228,1362,581,1788]" targetPageId="47">
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<paragraph id="477B36BCE861D261FF7DF88A0958F878" blockId="47.[151,1437,1796,2033]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE861D261FF7DF88A0C33F893" bold="true" box="[151,373,1796,1819]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 139–145.</emphasis>
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‘
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<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE861D261FE60F88B0F5DF892" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1900" box="[394,539,1797,1819]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE861D261FE60F88B0F5DF892" box="[394,539,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Characodoma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
’
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||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE861D261FDD8F88B0E15F892" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[562,851,1797,1819]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">
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||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE861D261FDD8F88B0FF6F892" box="[562,688,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">latisinuatum</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE861D261FD54F8880E15F892" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[702,851,1797,1819]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref40873" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora, II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, Holocene, UPGG041, off South Sulawesi. 139–141. RGM.1350582. 139. Colony starting as an encrustation on a bivalve shell fragment, and developing an erect portion independent of the substrate; note the spinose appearance of the frontal shield of the ontogenetically older zooids compared to the smooth or finely tuberculate frontal shield of the latest budded zooids. 140. Close-up of a zooid with spinose frontal shield. 141. Close-up of zooids with smooth to finely tuberculate frontal shield. 142–144. RGM.1350583. 142. Colony covering both sides of a shell fragment. 143. Group of ovicellate zooids with single or paired adventitious avicularia. 144. Close-up of an orifice. 145. RGM.1350584, group of zooids with sealed orifice and ooecium owing to secondary calcification. Scale bars: Figs 139, 142 = 500 µm; Figs 140, 141, 145 = 100 µm; Fig. 143 = 200 µm; Fig. 144 = 50 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="0FDE6537E87ED27EFF2DFF190EA9FB9C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="477B36BCE87ED27EFF2DFF19098EFD91" blockId="48.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFF2DFF190C7DFF39" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Fourteen specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFD83FF190EF1FF39" box="[617,951,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
‘Characodoma’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFCC1FF190EF1FF39" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[811,951,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">latisinuatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were found in our samples, mostly as encrusting phases on bivalve and gastropod shell fragments.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFCA6FF330EB3FF5C" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[844,1013,188,213]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref40873" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora, II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFB90FF330874FF5C" box="[1146,1330,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
C.’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFB4CFF320874FF5C" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[1190,1330,188,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">latisinuatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the Makassar Strait at
|
||
<quantity id="803C9B59E87ED27EFE86FF510CE0FF7E" box="[364,422,223,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFE16FF510FA0FF71" author="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E." box="[508,742,223,248]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref39936" refString="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E. (1996) Characodoma Maplestone, a senior synonym of Cleidochasma Harmer (Cleidochasmatidae). In: Gordon, D. P., Smith, A. M. & Grant-Mackie, J. A. (Eds.), Bryozoans in Space and Time. NIWA, Wellington, pp. 81 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1996">Cook & Bock (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 86) pointed out that the generic attribution of this species requires further investigation.
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFE01FE8A0E77FE94" box="[491,817,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
‘Characodoma’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFD4FFE8A0E77FE94" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[677,817,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">latisinuatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="987F881EE87ED27EFC1AFE8B0966FE94" box="[1008,1056,261,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFB74FE8A0878FE94" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1900" box="[1182,1342,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFB74FE8A0878FE94" box="[1182,1342,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Characodoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as other species assigned to the genus, in having a pseudoporous frontal shield and mature ovicells that are uncalcified frontally. The Miocene Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFD76FEC2091DFEED" authority="(Waters, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[668,1115,332,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rotundum">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFD76FEC20EF6FEEC" box="[668,944,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Characodoma rotundum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFC54FEC20915FEED" author="Waters, A. W." box="[958,1107,332,356]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="309 - 347" refId="ref43477" refString="Waters, A. W. (1881) On fossil chilostomatous Bryozoa from south-west Victoria, Australia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 37, 309 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1881.037.01 - 04.29" type="journal article" year="1881">Waters, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, at first sight, very similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFF5DFEFE0C3CFE01" box="[183,378,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
‘C.’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFF04FEE10C3CFE01" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[238,378,367,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">latisinuatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having a tuberculate frontal shield, though imperforate, and oral, unilateral avicularium pointing the orifice. The specimens figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFD57FE1A0EF3FE24" author="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E." box="[701,949,404,429]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref39936" refString="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E. (1996) Characodoma Maplestone, a senior synonym of Cleidochasma Harmer (Cleidochasmatidae). In: Gordon, D. P., Smith, A. M. & Grant-Mackie, J. A. (Eds.), Bryozoans in Space and Time. NIWA, Wellington, pp. 81 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1996">Cook & Bock (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also have incompletely calcified ovicells, accentuating the similarity.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFE25FE390E8EFE59" authority="(Harmer, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Harmer" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[463,968,439,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Anchicleidochasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFE25FE390E57FE59" box="[463,785,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Anchicleidochasma mirabile</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFCCBFE360EF9FE59" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[801,959,439,464]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref40873" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora, II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also superficially very similar because of its marginal areolar pores migrating distally and the oral unilateral avicularium, but differs in having a completely calcified hood-like ovicell, overhanging a subtriangular opening (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFC12FE7109FDFD91" author="Soule, J. D. & Soule, D. F. & Chaney, H. W." box="[1016,1211,511,536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="465 - 486" refId="ref42796" refString="Soule, J. D., Soule, D. F. & Chaney, H. W. (1991) New tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean Cleidochasmatidae (Cheilostomata: Ascophora). In: Bigey, F. P. & d'Hondt, J. - L. (Eds.), Bryozoa living and fossil. Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, Nantes, pp. 465 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1991">
|
||
Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFBAAFD8F093EFD91" box="[1088,1144,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="13BB6634E87ED27EFF7DFDC6094CFDD6" box="[151,1034,584,607]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="477B36BCE87ED27EFF7DFDC6094CFDD6" blockId="48.[151,1034,584,607]" box="[151,1034,584,607]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFF7DFDC60C51FDD6" bold="true" box="[151,279,584,607]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">TABLE 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in µm) of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFDD6FDC60F92FDD6" authorityName="Maplestone" authorityYear="1900" box="[572,724,584,607]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFDD6FDC60F92FDD6" box="[572,724,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Characodoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C44D3FE87ED27EFD0EFDC60941FDD6" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[740,1031,584,607]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cleidochasmatidae" genus="Characodoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latisinuatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0EAAEE87ED27EFD0EFDC60E2FFDD6" box="[740,873,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">latisinuatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23554B4DE87ED27EFC9AFDC60941FDD6" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[880,1031,584,607]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="641 - 1147" refId="ref40873" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1957) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 4. Cheilostomata Ascophora, II. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 d, 641 - 1147." type="journal article" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="477B36BCE87ED27EFE0BFDF30869FC55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<table id="35C4C41CE87E2DB1FF75FDF20869FC55" box="[159,1327,636,988]" colsContinueFrom="43.[159,1326,1245,1432]" colsContinueIn="49.[159,1327,1538,1808]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FDF20869FD1B" box="[159,1327,636,658]" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFDF20FEBFD1B" box="[481,685,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N (colonies, zooids)</th>
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FDF20E2BFD1B" box="[819,877,636,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFDF20963FD1B" box="[1029,1061,636,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFDF20869FD1B" box="[1238,1327,636,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FD2B0869FD32" box="[159,1327,677,699]" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FD2B0C24FD32" box="[159,354,677,699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zooid length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFD2B0FEBFD32" box="[481,685,677,699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FD2B0E2BFD32" box="[819,877,677,699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">351</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFD2B0963FD32" box="[1029,1061,677,699]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">23</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFD2B0869FD32" box="[1238,1327,677,699]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">308–386</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FD400869FD6D" box="[159,1327,718,740]" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FD400C24FD6D" box="[159,354,718,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zooid width</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFD400FEBFD6D" box="[481,685,718,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FD400E2BFD6D" box="[819,877,718,740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">307</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFD400963FD6D" box="[1029,1061,718,740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">17</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFD400869FD6D" box="[1238,1327,718,740]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">282–347</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FD760869FC87" box="[159,1327,760,782]" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FD760C24FC87" box="[159,354,760,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Orifice length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFD760FEBFC87" box="[481,685,760,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FD760E2BFC87" box="[819,877,760,782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">98</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFD760963FC87" box="[1029,1061,760,782]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">8</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFD760869FC87" box="[1238,1327,760,782]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">86–112</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FCAF0869FCBE" box="[159,1327,801,823]" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FCAF0C24FCBE" box="[159,354,801,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Orifice width</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFCAF0FEBFCBE" box="[481,685,801,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FCAF0E2BFCBE" box="[819,877,801,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">97</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFCAF0963FCBE" box="[1029,1061,801,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">7</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFCAF0869FCBE" box="[1238,1327,801,823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">86–109</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FCC40869FCE9" box="[159,1327,842,864]" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FCC40C24FCE9" box="[159,354,842,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Avicularium length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFCC40FEBFCE9" box="[481,685,842,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FCC40E2BFCE9" box="[819,877,842,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">87</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFCC40963FCE9" box="[1029,1061,842,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">9</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFCC40869FCE9" box="[1238,1327,842,864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">66–100</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FCFA0869FC03" box="[159,1327,884,906]" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FCFA0C24FC03" box="[159,354,884,906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Avicularium width</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFCFA0FEBFC03" box="[481,685,884,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FCFA0E2BFC03" box="[819,877,884,906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">56</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFCFA0963FC03" box="[1029,1061,884,906]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">4</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFCFA0869FC03" box="[1238,1327,884,906]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">51–65</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FC130869FC3A" box="[159,1327,925,947]" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FC130C24FC3A" box="[159,354,925,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ooecium length</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFC130FEBFC3A" box="[481,685,925,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FC130E2BFC3A" box="[819,877,925,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">172</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFC130963FC3A" box="[1029,1061,925,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">13</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFC130869FC3A" box="[1238,1327,925,947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">149–189</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F9F434FEE87E2DB1FF75FC480869FC55" box="[159,1327,966,988]" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<th id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FF75FC480C24FC55" box="[159,354,966,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ooecium width</th>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FE0BFC480FEBFC55" box="[481,685,966,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">3, 15</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FCD9FC480E2BFC55" box="[819,877,966,988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">207</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FBEFFC480963FC55" box="[1029,1061,966,988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">13</td>
|
||
<td id="BA255D82E87E2DB1FB3CFC480869FC55" box="[1238,1327,966,988]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">192–239</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="477B36BCE87ED27EFF7DFC700EA9FB9C" blockId="48.[151,1007,1022,1045]" box="[151,1007,1022,1045]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">N, Number of colonies and number of zooids measured; SD, standard deviation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |