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<document id="DD1F0767B6BCA7430BF2A7AC5194EB10" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e88778-6ab9-44ad-bce0-bb84eb35391b" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695831" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C87A10FB-E817-4293-96FD-00C2EF82D371" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583259932333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Theil, Emma Palacios &amp; Felder, Darryl L." docDate="2020" docId="DE24878AF657D62C30B4C51858C0FD6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema42.6.85-103.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 42 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631.7:Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Rathbunixa Theil &amp; Felder 2020, n. gen." docType="treatment" docUuid="316B06E6-4F1B-4109-A608-2BAC7E426737" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="221DFFF2F65AD6223355C30D5C69FFBE" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of the genus Pinnixa White, 1846 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) and allies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with generic reassignment of twenty-one species" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1698724363688" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1FB1A5CA5B60D15A6708CC57DE41BA6E">Phylogeny of the genus Pinnixa White, 1846 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) and allies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers, with generic reassignment of twenty-one species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33FEAB00976FA640E0F866286F9785E7">Theil, Emma Palacios</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C4F0C7B2D113D6AB9C16891471B194C7">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="5632369CF657D62F30B4C5185892F991" blockId="13.[993,1275,1556,1583]" box="[993,1275,1556,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
<heading id="0D7A81F0F657D62F30B4C5185892F991" box="[993,1275,1556,1583]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF657D62F377BC51958C0F990" ID-CoL="84GP4" authority="Theil &amp; Felder, 2020" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" box="[1070,1193,1556,1582]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF657D62F377BC51958C0F990" box="[1070,1193,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Rathbunixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCA57F5F657D62F37E5C5185892F991" box="[1200,1275,1557,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1E976517F657D62F301FC55459FBF9D5" box="[842,1426,1625,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="5632369CF657D62F301FC55459FBF9D5" blockId="13.[842,1426,1625,1643]" box="[842,1426,1625,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="1E976517F657D62F3078C5995FE7F978" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5632369CF657D62F3078C5995FE7F978" blockId="13.[813,1456,1684,1734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
<collectionCode id="309CAE59F657D62F3078C5995FC4F914" box="[813,941,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">
<typeStatus id="8936883EF657D62F3078C5995F37F917" box="[813,862,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES
</collectionCode>
. —
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF657D62F308BC5995924F912" authority="(Stimpson, 1960)" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[990,1357,1684,1708]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF657D62F308BC59958FCF912" box="[990,1173,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Rathbunixa sayana</emphasis>
(Stimpson, 1960)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCA57F5F657D62F3603C59859D9F912" box="[1366,1456,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF657D62F3060C5A25FE9F978" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1846" box="[821,896,1711,1734]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF657D62F3060C5A25FE9F978" box="[821,896,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">Pinnixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1E976517F657D62F3078C5EB5874F852" pageId="13" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5632369CF657D62F3078C5EB5874F852" blockId="13.[813,1456,1766,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="96">DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace broad, regions clearly defined, cardiac ridge sharp, not extending entirely across carapace. Third maxilliped ischiomerus subtrapezoidal; propodus and dactylus longer than carpus, shorter than ischiomerus; dactylus elongate, inserting near base of propodus, reaching beyond end of propodus. Chelipeds hairy or pubescent, no lines of setae or tubercles on palm; fixed finger strongly reduced or deflexed, sexually dimorphic, ontogenetically variable. Ambulatory legs elongate, slender; relative lengths P4&gt; P3&gt; P2&gt; P1. Male pleon tapering toward end, telson subtriangular; lacking gonopodal plate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E976517F654D62C33D1C3D55C8FFED1" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C3D55F61FE98" blockId="14.[132,776,216,294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">ETYMOLOGY. — Named for Mary J. Rathbun, who carefully cataloged, examined and described a large percentage of the pinnotherids presently known to mankind, including this genus. Gender feminine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C2305C8FFED1" blockId="14.[132,776,317,447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
ADDITIONAL SPECIES. —
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C323FC2305ED8FEE8" authority="(Rathbun, 1918)" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[362,689,317,342]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C323FC2305E66FEEB" box="[362,527,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Rathbunixa affinis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C314FC2305EC0FEE8" author="Rathbun" box="[538,681,317,342]" firstAuthor="Rathbun" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="123 - 184" refId="ref18600" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1918. - The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 103: 123 - 184, plates 54 - 66." type="journal article" year="1918">Rathbun, 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCA57F5F654D62C31E0C2335F61FEEB" box="[693,776,317,341]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D9C2555CBEFED1" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1846" box="[140,215,344,367]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D9C2555CBEFED1" box="[140,215,344,367]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Pinnixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E976517F654D62C33D1C27F5EEDFE01" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C27F5EEDFE01" blockId="14.[132,776,317,447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D1C27F5E77FE34" ID-CoL="84H97" authority="(Rathbun, 1894)" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[132,542,370,394]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D1C27F5D1BFE34" box="[132,370,370,394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Rathbunixa californiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C322AC27F5E71FE34" author="Rathbun" box="[383,536,370,394]" firstAuthor="Rathbun" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref18461" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1894. - Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. No. XXIV - Descriptions of new genera and species of crabs from the west coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands. Proceedings U. S. National Museum 16: 223 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.933.223" type="journal article" year="1894">Rathbun, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCA57F5F654D62C3170C27E5E14FE34" box="[549,637,370,394]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C31DFC27E5EBCFE34" ID-CoL="7PS58" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1846" box="[650,725,371,394]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C31DFC27E5EBCFE34" box="[650,725,371,394]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Pinnixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D1C2805E79FE1B" ID-CoL="84H98" authority="(Rathbun, 1894)" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[132,528,397,421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D1C2805D0DFE1B" box="[132,356,397,421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Rathbunixa occidentalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C3224C2805E60FE1B" author="Rathbun" box="[369,521,397,421]" firstAuthor="Rathbun" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref18461" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1894. - Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. No. XXIV - Descriptions of new genera and species of crabs from the west coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands. Proceedings U. S. National Museum 16: 223 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.933.223" type="journal article" year="1894">Rathbun, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCA57F5F654D62C3142C2805E06FE1B" box="[535,623,397,421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3129C2805EAEFE1A" ID-CoL="7PS58" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1846" box="[636,711,397,420]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3129C2805EAEFE1A" box="[636,711,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Pinnixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D1C2AA5DD6FE01" ID-CoL="84H99" authority="(Wass, 1955)" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wass" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[132,447,423,447]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsei" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D1C2AA5D51FE01" box="[132,312,423,447]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Rathbunixa pearsei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C3210C2AA5DD1FE01" author="Wass" box="[325,440,423,447]" firstAuthor="Wass" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="129 - 176" refId="ref19403" refString="WASS M. L. 1955. - The decapod crustaceans of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of northwestern Florida. The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 18: 129 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Wass, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCA57F5F654D62C3290C2A55E74FE01" box="[453,541,423,447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C317EC2A55E1FFE01" ID-CoL="7PS58" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1846" box="[555,630,424,447]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C317EC2A55E1FFE01" box="[555,630,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Pinnixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E976517F654D62C33D1C2DB5DB9FCC2" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C2DB5DE8FD9A" blockId="14.[132,776,470,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — In addition to the material included in the phylogenetic analyses (
<tableCitation id="1B0F0327F654D62C32C1C2FC5D89FDB7" box="[404,480,497,521]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[132,143,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Pinnotherid specimens used in phylogenetic analyses of the genus Pinnixa White, 1846 s.l. and allies. Names shown are in accord with Pinnixa s.l. prior to revisions in present paper. See “Material and Methods” for museum abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/02F26614F65FD62733D1C3D05F1CFEB8" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" tableUuid="02F26614F65FD62733D1C3D05F1CFEB8">Table 1</tableCitation>
) the following samples were available for examination:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C12B5DB9FCC2" blockId="14.[132,776,470,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<materialsCitation id="E6E53CC1F654D62C33D1C12B5DB3FD16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573304578" collectingLocationText="or DreamTaqTM Green DNA Polymerase, Fermentas, currently ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) in a Stratagene® Robocycler® Gradient 96 (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Three fragments were targeted: 1) a mitochondrial complex of about 830 bp consisting of part of the 16S rRNA gene, the tRNA-Leu, and part of the gene for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH1), 2) part of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, and 3) part of the nuclear histone subunit 3 gene. These genes represent a diverse group of mitochondrial protein- or RNA-coding genes, as well as a nuclear protein-coding gene. They have been previously shown to be informative and have an adequate resolution to solve phylogenetic relationships between and among species and genera within Pinnotheridae (Palacios Theil et al. 2016; Tsang et al. 2018). In addition, they have proved to be obtained with relative ease using the primers indicated in Table 2, which shows also the length of the fragments obtained with each primer combination. PCR products were either sent to be purified and sequenced by Beckman Coulter Genomics (Danvers, MA, USA) or purified using SureClean (Bioline, Taunton, MA, USA), resuspended in water, sequenced with the ABI BigDye terminator mix, sequencing products being run on a 3100 Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA) automated sequencer." collectionCode="FL, USA" country="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" specimenCode="ULLZ 4421, ULLZ 4425, ULLZ 5513, ULLZ 5590, ULLZ 7024, ULLZ 14001, ULLZ 14006, ULLZ 14007, ULLZ 14010, ULLZ 14082, ULLZ 14085, ULLZ 14515, ULLZ 14910, ULLZ 14913, ULLZ 15032, ULLZ 16744" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D1C12B5D51FD80" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wass" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[132,312,550,574]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsei" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D1C12B5D51FD80" box="[132,312,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Rathbunixa pearsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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,
<collectionCode id="309CAE59F654D62C319CC0BE5E95FC75" box="[713,764,947,971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">USA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="E6E53CC1F654D62C33D1C0C35E63FC58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573304548" box="[132,522,974,998]" collectionCode="FL, USA" country="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" specimenCode="USNM 48438" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="062B9EE7F654D62C33D1C0C35D7DFC58" box="[132,276,974,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">USNM 48438</specimenCode>
(Sarasota Bay,
<collectionCode id="309CAE59F654D62C32F2C0C35DACFC5B" box="[423,453,974,997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">FL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="309CAE59F654D62C3285C0C35E6DFC58" box="[464,516,974,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">USA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E976517F654D62C33D1C71B58C0FD6F" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C71B5C81FB90" blockId="14.[132,775,1046,2030]" box="[132,232,1046,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33D1C73B5D17F830" blockId="14.[132,775,1046,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
Morphological similarities among some species of this genus have been noted previously, though always between species sharing an ocean basin such as the eastern Pacific pair,
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C31FBC77A5F6FFB2E" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[686,774,1142,1168]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C31FBC77A5F6FFB2E" box="[686,774,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33E0C79A5D20FB0E" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[181,329,1174,1200]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33E0C79A5D20FB0E" box="[181,329,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the western Atlantic pair,
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C31F6C79A5F6EFB0E" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wass" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[675,775,1175,1200]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsei">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C31F6C79A5F6EFB0E" box="[675,775,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. pearsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33E0C7BB5D70FB71" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[181,281,1206,1231]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33E0C7BB5D70FB71" box="[181,281,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C327FC7BB5DA0FB6E" author="Rathbun" box="[298,457,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Rathbun" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="123 - 184" refId="ref18600" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1918. - The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 103: 123 - 184, plates 54 - 66." type="journal article" year="1918">Rathbun 1918</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C328DC7BB5E24FB6F" author="Wass" box="[472,589,1206,1233]" firstAuthor="Wass" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="129 - 176" refId="ref19403" refString="WASS M. L. 1955. - The decapod crustaceans of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of northwestern Florida. The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 18: 129 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Wass 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C3109C7BB5E9EFB6E" author="Zmarzly" box="[604,759,1206,1232]" firstAuthor="Zmarzly" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="677 - 713" refId="ref19522" refString="ZMARZLY D. L. 1992. - Taxonomic review of pea crabs in the genus Pinnixa (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) occurring on the California shelf, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology 12 (4): 677 - 713. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 193724092 X 00166" type="journal article" year="1992">Zmarzly 1992</bibRefCitation>
). We have observed great variability in the morphological characters that define
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3225C7FB5DBAFAB1" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wass" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[368,467,1270,1295]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsei">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3225C7FB5DBAFAB1" box="[368,467,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. pearsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that are reported to differentiate it from
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C326EC61B5DF3FA91" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[315,410,1302,1327]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C326EC61B5DF3FA91" box="[315,410,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C32F3C61B5E40FA8E" author="Wass" box="[422,553,1301,1328]" firstAuthor="Wass" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="129 - 176" refId="ref19403" refString="WASS M. L. 1955. - The decapod crustaceans of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of northwestern Florida. The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 18: 129 - 176." type="journal article" year="1955">Wass (1955)</bibRefCitation>
described the former species to separate specimens found in northwestern Florida from
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3395C65B5D4BFAD1" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[192,290,1366,1391]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3395C65B5D4BFAD1" box="[192,290,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distribution of which was known at that time to range from Massachusetts to Sarasota Bay, in southwestern Florida. Later records extended the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D1C6BB5C8EFA71" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[132,231,1462,1487]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D1C6BB5C8EFA71" box="[132,231,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Grand Isle, Louisiana, and Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C312DC6B85CD5FA51" author="Schmitt" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schmitt" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" refId="ref18912" refString="SCHMITT W. L., MCCAIN J. C. &amp; DAVIDSON E. S. 1973. - Decapoda I Brachyura I Fam. Pinnotheridae, in GRUNER H. E. &amp; HOLTHUIS H. L. (Eds) Crustaceorum catalogus, Vol. 3, W. Junk B. V., Den Haag, The Netherlands, 160 p." type="book" year="1973">
Schmitt
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3181C6BB5F6EFA71" box="[724,775,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
1973
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, we have samples that fit the morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3269C6F85DC8F9B0" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[316,417,1525,1550]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3269C6F85DC8F9B0" box="[316,417,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Corpus Christi, Texas. We also have collections of specimens matching the description of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33F7C5385D6FF9F0" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wass" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[162,262,1589,1614]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsei">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33F7C5385D6FF9F0" box="[162,262,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. pearsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Atlantic coast of Florida, Gulf of Mexico waters in southern Florida, and Gulf Shores, Alabama. All these samples are genetically very close in relationship (
<figureCitation id="CEB62A19F654D62C31EEC5795E9FF930" box="[699,758,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[133,144,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[223,1405,231,1874]" captionTargetId="graphics@8.[290,1319,237,1858]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — Phylogeny for species of superfamily Pinnotheroidea De Haan,1833,emphasis on genus Pinnixa White, 1846 s.l. inferred from Randomized Accelerated Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) analysis of a 1445 bp long fragment concatenated from the mitochondrial complex 16S/tRNA-Leu/ NADH1 (776 bp),the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (340 bp) and the nuclear gene for the histone 3 subunit (327 bp). Bootstrap support values are shown at the nodes when higher than 50%. Collection number follows the species name to identify samples.For samples in the subfamily Pinnixinae Števčić,2005,abbreviations indicating geographic origin are defined in “Materials and Methods”. Species name combinations as shown are prior to revisions in present paper.Abbreviations as in Material and Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695833/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). This suggests that
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C321BC5985DDBF910" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wass" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[334,434,1685,1710]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pearsei">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C321BC5985DDBF910" box="[334,434,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. pearsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C325FC5B85D04F970" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[266,365,1717,1742]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C325FC5B85D04F970" box="[266,365,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the
<typeStatus id="8936883EF654D62C3145C5B85E57F971" box="[528,574,1717,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3134C5B85EADF970" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[609,708,1717,1742]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3134C5B85EADF970" box="[609,708,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not extant, and the
<typeStatus id="8936883EF654D62C3273C5D95D3DF950" box="[294,340,1748,1774]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">type</typeStatus>
locality is the mouth of Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina, a location we were unable to represent among collection sites for our samples of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C32A4C4195E3DF893" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[497,596,1812,1837]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sayana">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C32A4C4195E3DF893" box="[497,596,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. sayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all of which are well to the south. Thus, we for now lack genetic evidence upon which to base genetic re-evaluation of these two taxa, and retain both names.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5632369CF654D62C33CEC49E58C0FD6F" blockId="14.[132,775,1046,2030]" lastBlockId="14.[813,1456,217,721]" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
When
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C33B0C49E5DFFF810" author="Rathbun" box="[229,406,1939,1966]" firstAuthor="Rathbun" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="223 - 260" refId="ref18461" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1894. - Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. No. XXIV - Descriptions of new genera and species of crabs from the west coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands. Proceedings U. S. National Museum 16: 223 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.933.223" type="journal article" year="1894">Rathbun (1894)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C315DC4995EB1F813" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[520,728,1939,1965]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C315DC4995EB1F813" box="[520,728,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Pinnixa occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C33D1C4B95D4DF873" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[132,292,1971,1997]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C33D1C4B95D4DF873" box="[132,292,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">P. californiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
she noted the resemblance between the two, but nonetheless treated them as separate species, though she later synonymized them (
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C371CC3D45884FF4D" author="Rathbun" box="[1097,1261,217,243]" firstAuthor="Rathbun" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="123 - 184" refId="ref18600" refString="RATHBUN M. J. 1918. - The grapsoid crabs of America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 103: 123 - 184, plates 54 - 66." type="journal article" year="1918">Rathbun 1918</bibRefCitation>
). However, more recently smaller and less granulate variations of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C366FC3F75F30FE8D" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C366FC3F75F30FE8D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported, indicating that this taxon should be treated as a “group of allied species” (
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C37A1C2345905FEED" author="Hart" box="[1268,1388,313,339]" firstAuthor="Hart" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" refId="ref17720" refString="HART J. F. L. 1982. - Crabs and Their Relatives of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook. Vol. 40. Provincial Secretary Province of British Columbia Ministry of Provincial Secretary and Government Services, Victoria, 267 p." type="book" year="1982">Hart 1982</bibRefCitation>
). The specimen we examined is probably one of these variants. Whether or not some of these variants could possibly match the description of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3755C29458C5FE0C" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1024,1196,408,434]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3755C29458C5FE0C" box="[1024,1196,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. californiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires further investigation. For now, we elect to retain
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3785C2B45915FE6C" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1232,1404,440,466]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3785C2B45915FE6C" box="[1232,1404,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. californiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate taxon, following
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C3712C2D45893FE4D" author="Ng" box="[1095,1274,472,499]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ng" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref18261" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyura: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3727C2D458CFFE4C" box="[1138,1190,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
. The material of
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3078C2F45FAFFDAC" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[813,966,504,530]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3078C2F45FAFFDAC" box="[813,966,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">R. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included here was collected in Panama, expanding the southern limit of the species range, which was formerly Magdalena Bay, in Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="321C4B6DF654D62C379FC13559F6FDEC" author="Schmitt" box="[1226,1439,568,594]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schmitt" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" refId="ref18912" refString="SCHMITT W. L., MCCAIN J. C. &amp; DAVIDSON E. S. 1973. - Decapoda I Brachyura I Fam. Pinnotheridae, in GRUNER H. E. &amp; HOLTHUIS H. L. (Eds) Crustaceorum catalogus, Vol. 3, W. Junk B. V., Den Haag, The Netherlands, 160 p." type="book" year="1973">
Schmitt
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C367FC1345937FDEC" box="[1322,1374,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
1973
</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the fact that we were unable to analyse additional samples of the
<emphasis id="64F9EA8EF654D62C3082C1755973FD2C" box="[983,1306,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C3082C17558E8FD2C" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[983,1153,632,658]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Rathbunixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">R. californiensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="918D4D1FF654D62C37F4C1755973FD2C" authorityName="Theil &amp; Felder" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1185,1306,632,658]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pinnotheridae" genus="Pinnixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
complex, we provisionally assign both species to this genus, based on their long recognized relationship.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>