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<document id="BAEAE61A289A2ECEDC061B9A19F2BDC9" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.2SLASH10324" ID-CLB-Dataset="36431" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="315ea7f0-0884-491d-8086-1b7ab78aefd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="343781" ID-ZooBank="4392521E-A4BD-4FA6-A1C5-CB7AD069DF42" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1488270694834" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel" docDate="2017" docId="BF748B79FFED8168A986FBD02A576EDB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4237.2.2SLASH10324.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4237 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pararaeolaimus tetradenus Leduc, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="434DF301FFEB8162A911FFE92E016D7E" masterDocTitle="Four new nematode species (Araeolaimida: Comesomatidae, Diplopeltidae) from the New Zealand continental slope" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="244" pageNumber="250" updateTime="1698437387856" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A8372E138E9CDFE5A2A8BB2A73AF2E6D">Four new nematode species (Araeolaimida: Comesomatidae, Diplopeltidae) from the New Zealand continental slope</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACBEFB197D0154E55BEF2C7D30AB23F2">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8299B976DB418C8CB3AF0057D1985548">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="BF748B79FFED8168A986FBD02A576EDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127710801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF748B79FFED8168A986FBD02A576EDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF748B79FFED8168A986FBD02A576EDB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFED8164A986FBD02F73690A" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A986FBD02C29692D" blockId="6.[151,552,1081,1141]" box="[151,552,1081,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<heading id="6C2A8D03FFED8164A986FBD02C29692D" bold="true" box="[151,552,1081,1107]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" reason="1">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A986FBD02C29692D" bold="true" box="[151,552,1081,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFED8164A986FBD02FDE692D" box="[151,479,1081,1107]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A986FBD02FDE692D" bold="true" box="[151,479,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFED8164A8F7FBD02C29692D" box="[486,552,1081,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A986FBB52F73690A" blockId="6.[151,552,1081,1141]" box="[151,370,1116,1141]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
(
<figureCitation id="AFE626EAFFED8164A98EFBB52F0A690B" box="[159,267,1116,1141]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1217,1239]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[196,1405,321,1937]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1379,227,1169]" captionTargetBox-2="[184,1403,1332,1875]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,301,1964]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1196]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1436,1289,1912]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Pararaeolaimus tetradenus sp. n. A: Male cephalic region; B: female cephalic region; C: entire male; D: male posterior body region. Scale bar: A &amp; B = 20 µm; C = 45 µm; D = 18 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Pararaeolaimus tetradenus sp. n. Entire female. Scale bar = 25 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Pararaeolaimus tetradenus sp. n. Light micrographs. A: Entire female; B: mature sperm cells. Scale bar: A = 20 µm; B = 4 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/343785/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/343786/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/343787/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="7A5F0FD4FFED8164A807FBB52F66690A" box="[278,359,1116,1141]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,437,460]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,560,1870]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (µm) of Sabatieria megadena sp. n. and Pararaeolaimus tetradenus sp. n." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/63A26AE7FFE2816BA986FE5C2AD46CB2" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="63A26AE7FFE2816BA986FE5C2AD46CB2">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFED8164A986FB4D2FED6856" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A986FB4D2FED6856" blockId="6.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A986FB4D2F1069C3" bold="true" box="[151,273,1188,1213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFED8164A808FB4D2C4C69C3" box="[281,589,1188,1213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A808FB4D2C4C69C3" box="[281,589,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164AB47FB4D2C9769C3" bold="true" box="[598,662,1188,1213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFED8164AB47FB4D2C9769C3" box="[598,662,1188,1213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterised by body length 370–530 µm, short cephalic setae 1 µm long, walls of buccal cavity not cuticularised, female with cryptocircular amphideal fovea and circular amphideal aperture, secretory-excretory system with two pairs of subventral renette cells, spicules almost straight, and absence of gubernaculum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFED8164A9D6FADD2D5F680E" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A9D6FADD2D5F680E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A9D6FADD2F4F6833" bold="true" box="[199,334,1332,1357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from the Greek
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164AA5DFADC2D806832" box="[844,897,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">tetra</emphasis>
(= four) and
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164AD09FADD2A666833" box="[1048,1127,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">adenos</emphasis>
(= gland), and refers to the secretory-excretory system with two pairs of large renette cells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFED8164A9D6FA952CA36B7E" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A9D6FA952CB168C6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A9D6FA952F3568EB" bold="true" box="[199,308,1404,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Holotype</emphasis>
. Male (NIWA 115452), collected
<date id="43631CAFFFED8164ABABFA952D5268EA" box="[698,851,1404,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" value="2007-05-30">30 May 2007</date>
(voyage TAN0707, station 45), Challenger Plateau (
<quantity id="F025978AFFED8164A98EFA492EF468C9" box="[159,245,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.217" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" unit="m" value="1217.0">1217 m</quantity>
water depth), 36.9198 °S, 167.5260 °E.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A9D6FA2D2CA36B7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A9D6FA2D2F3568A3" bold="true" box="[199,308,1476,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Paratype</emphasis>
. Female (NIWA 115453), collected
<date id="43631CAFFFED8164ABDBFA2D2D5E68A2" box="[714,863,1476,1501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" value="2007-05-28">28 May 2007</date>
(voyage TAN0707, station 23), Challenger Plateau (
<quantity id="F025978AFFED8164A98FFA012EE66881" box="[158,231,1512,1536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" unit="m" value="482.0">482 m</quantity>
water depth), 38.6200 °S, 168.9430 °E.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFED8165A9D6F9E52D956D86" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="6" pageNumber="250" type="description">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8164A9D6F9E52CFC6ACE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1188,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A9D6F9E52FA76B5B" bold="true" box="[199,422,1548,1573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Body short, colourless and cylindrical, tapering slightly towards anterior and posterior ends, with rounded anterior extremity and short conical tail. Cuticle smooth without somatic setae. Inner and outer labial sensilla not observed; four short cephalic setae present, 1 µm long. Amphideal fovea large, situated 1.2 cbd from anterior end, loop-shaped with circular contour, ventrally wound. Buccal cavity small, 4 µm deep, cupshaped, without teeth; walls of buccal cavity not cuticularised. Cylindrical pharynx with weak posterior bulb; pharyngeal tubes present. Nerve ring near middle of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system present, with two pairs of large renette cells, 16–19 × 16–25 µm, situated subventrally and slightly posterior to pharynx. Cardia 16 µm long, not surrounded by intestine. Reproductive system diorchic with two short and opposed testes, anterior testis located to the left of intestine and posterior testis to the right of intestine. Mature sperm cells globular, ~3 × 4 µm. Spicules paired, equal, almost straight, 1.1 cloacal body diameters long, without capitulum, pointed distally. Gubernaculum, precloacal supplements, and precloacal seta absent. Rectal and ejaculatory glands not observed. Tail conical; three caudal glands and spinneret present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFED8165A9D6F8552D956D86" blockId="6.[151,1437,1188,2005]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFED8164A9D6F8552F316AAB" bold="true" box="[199,304,1980,2005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="250">Females.</emphasis>
Similar to males, but with lower value of a and c, markedly smaller and cryptocircular amphideal fovea and circular amphideal aperture, and longer tail. Reproductive system didelphic, with anterior outstretched ovary to the left of intestine and posterior outstretched ovary to the right of intestine. Spermatheca not observed. Vulva located near mid-body. Granular vaginal glands not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="63A26AE7FFEC8165A986F8282D866A88" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343785/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="251" targetBox="[196,1405,321,1937]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFEC8165A986F8282D866A88" blockId="7.[151,1435,1985,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFEC8165A986F8282F156AA9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1985,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="251">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFEC8165A80CF8282C346AA9" box="[285,565,1985,2007]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="251" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFEC8165A80CF8282C346AA9" box="[285,565,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="251">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFEC8165AB2CF8282C796AA9" bold="true" box="[573,632,1985,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFEC8165AB2CF8282C796AA9" box="[573,632,1985,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="251" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: Male cephalic region; B: female cephalic region; C: entire male; D: male posterior body region. Scale bar: A &amp; B = 20 µm; C = 45 µm; D = 18 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="63A26AE7FFE3816AA986FB282DCA69A9" box="[151,971,1217,1239]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343786/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="252" targetBox="[179,1379,227,1169]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE3816AA986FB282DCA69A9" blockId="8.[151,971,1217,1239]" box="[151,971,1217,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE3816AA986FB282F1369A9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1217,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE3816AA808FB282C2E69A9" box="[281,559,1217,1239]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="252" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE3816AA808FB282C2E69A9" box="[281,559,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE3816AAB25FB282C6C69A9" bold="true" box="[564,621,1217,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE3816AAB25FB282C6C69A9" box="[564,621,1217,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Entire female. Scale bar = 25 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="63A26AE7FFE3816AA986F8642F2F6ABC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343787/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="252" targetBox="[184,1403,1332,1875]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE3816AA986F8642F2F6ABC" blockId="8.[151,1435,1933,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE3816AA986F8642F126ADD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1933,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE3816AA80BF8642C306ADD" box="[282,561,1933,1955]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="252" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE3816AA80BF8642C306ADD" box="[282,561,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE3816AAB29F8642C736ADD" bold="true" box="[568,626,1933,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE3816AAB29F8642C736ADD" box="[568,626,1933,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="252" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Light micrographs. A: Entire female; B: mature sperm cells. Scale bar: A = 20 µm; B = 4 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFE2816BA9D6FF7E2B396C80" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE2816BA9D6FF7E2FD66CF6" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BA9D6FF7E2FCC6DCE" bold="true" box="[199,461,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
There are only three other valid
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAA2DFF7E2DF36DCE" box="[828,1010,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAA2DFF7E2DF36DCE" box="[828,1010,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Pararaeolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in addition to the new species described here:
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BA856FF552D4C6DAB" authority="(Gerlach, 1951) Timm" authorityName="(Gerlach, 1951) Timm" box="[327,845,188,213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nudus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BA856FF552C466DAB" box="[327,583,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Pararaeolaimus nudus</emphasis>
(Gerlach, 1951) Timm
</taxonomicName>
, 1 961,
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAA8DFF542AAC6DAA" authority="Jensen, 1991" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1991" box="[924,1197,188,213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rumohri">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAA8DFF542A156DAB" box="[924,1044,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">P. rumohri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE2816BAD0BFF542AAC6DAA" author="Jensen" box="[1050,1197,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" refString="Jensen, P. (1991) Bodonematidae fam. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) accommodating Bodonema vossi gen. et sp. n. from the deep-sea benthos of the Norwegian Sea. Sarsia, 76, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1991">Jensen, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BADF9FF542C806D86" authority="(Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1992) Holovachov et al. 2009" authorityName="(Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1992) Holovachov et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BADF9FF542B476DAA" box="[1256,1350,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">P. curtus</emphasis>
(Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1992)
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE2816BA86BFF362C806D86" author="Holovachov" box="[378,641,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" refString="Holovachov, O., De Ley, I. T., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Gingold, R. &amp; De Ley, P. (2009) Nematodes from the Gulf of California. Part 3. Three new species of the genus Diplopeltoides Gerlach, 1962 (Nematoda: Diplopeltoididae) with overviews of the genera Diplopeltis Gerlach, 1962 and Diplopeltula Gerlach, 1950. Russian Journal of Nematology, 17, 43 - 57" type="journal article" year="2009">Holovachov et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAB9AFF362DBC6D86" box="[651,957,223,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAB9AFF362DBC6D86" box="[651,957,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE2816BAAD5FF362A036D86" box="[964,1026,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" rank="species">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAAD5FF362A036D86" bold="true" box="[964,1026,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAD83FF082AF16D86" box="[1170,1264,223,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nudus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAD83FF082AF16D86" box="[1170,1264,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">P. nudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAC34FF082B9D6D86" box="[1317,1436,223,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rumohri">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAC34FF082B9D6D86" box="[1317,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">P. rumohri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a secretory-excretory system with pairs of subventral renette cells posterior to the pharynx, but can be differentiated from both these species in having only two pairs of renette cells (
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAD58FEC02A906C3E" box="[1097,1169,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">versus</emphasis>
3–4 pairs in the other species), spicules almost straight (
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAB3DFEA42C756C1A" box="[556,628,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">versus</emphasis>
arcuate in the other species), and absence of gubernaculum (
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAC45FEA42B9A6C1A" box="[1364,1435,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">versus</emphasis>
present in the other species).
</paragraph>
<caption id="63A26AE7FFE2816BA986FE5C2AD46CB2" ID-Table-UUID="63A26AE7FFE2816BA986FE5C2AD46CB2" box="[151,1237,436,460]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/63A26AE7FFE2816BA986FE5C2AD46CB2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" targetBox="[151,1400,560,1870]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE2816BA986FE5C2AD46CB2" blockId="9.[151,1237,436,460]" box="[151,1237,436,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BA986FE5C2F0B6CB2" bold="true" box="[151,266,437,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics (µm) of
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAB04FE5D2CF66CB2" box="[533,759,436,460]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Sabatieria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="megadena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAB04FE5D2CF66CB2" box="[533,759,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Sabatieria megadena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BABEEFE5C2D3A6CB2" bold="true" box="[767,827,437,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE2816BABEEFE5C2D3A6CB2" box="[767,827,437,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAA7FFE5D2A936CB2" box="[878,1170,436,460]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAA7FFE5D2A936CB2" box="[878,1170,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Pararaeolaimus tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE2816BAD88FE5C2AD46CB2" box="[1177,1237,437,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE2816BA98EFE012B396C80" blockId="9.[159,1338,488,540]" box="[159,1336,488,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
Species
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAB0FFE012CF76C80" box="[542,758,488,510]" class="Adenophorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Sabatieria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="megadena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAB0FFE012CF76C80" box="[542,758,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Sabatieria megadena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE2816BABECFE002D326C80" box="[765,819,489,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAD82FE012B396C80" box="[1171,1336,488,510]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAD82FE012B396C80" box="[1171,1336,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Pararaeolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFE2816BAD82FDEF2C8D6AEE" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE2816BAD82FDEF2C8D6AEE" blockId="9.[159,1338,488,540]" lastBlockId="9.[151,652,1914,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BAD82FDEF2AFF6F62" box="[1171,1278,518,540]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Pararaeolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tetradenus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BAD82FDEF2AFF6F62" box="[1171,1278,518,540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">tetradenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE2816BAC15FDEE2B3B6F62" box="[1284,1338,519,540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Type species.
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BA834F8932C8D6AEE" authority="Allgen, 1932" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1932" box="[293,652,1914,1936]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BA834F8932C006AEE" box="[293,513,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Southerniella simplex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE2816BAB16F8932C8D6AEE" author="Allgen" box="[519,652,1914,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" refString="Allgen, C. A. (1932) Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der marinen Nematodenfauna der Campbellinsel. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 70, 97 - 198." type="journal article" year="1932">Allgén, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE2816BA98EFD6A2C346A30" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<table id="45DDC8CFFFE27E9DA986FDD92B796A30" box="[151,1400,560,1870]" gridcols="6" gridrows="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FDD92B796FE6" box="[151,1400,560,664]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FDD92FF26FE6" box="[151,499,560,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">n</th>
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFDD92C7D6FE6" box="[506,636,560,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Male Holotype -</th>
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FDD92D626FE6" box="[680,867,560,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Males Paratypes 3</th>
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FDD92A5A6FE6" box="[928,1115,560,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Females Paratypes 6</th>
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FDD92AF06FE6" box="[1171,1265,560,664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Male Holotype -</th>
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FDD92B796FE6" box="[1312,1400,560,664]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Female Paratype 1</th>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FD452B796E6A" box="[151,1400,684,788]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FD452FF26E6A" box="[151,499,684,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">L a b</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFD452C7D6E6A" box="[506,636,684,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">2644 70 10</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FD452D626E6A" box="[680,867,684,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">2330 (2290–2464) 63 (59–67) 10 (9–10)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FD452A5A6E6A" box="[928,1115,684,788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">2525 (2321–2886) 43 (37–52) 10 (10–11)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FD452AF06E6A" box="[1171,1265,684,788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">532 20 4</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FD452B796E6A" box="[1312,1400,684,788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">373 11 4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FCC12B796EEE" box="[151,1400,808,912]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FCC12FF26EEE" box="[151,499,808,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">c c' Head diam. at cephalic setae</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFCC12C7D6EEE" box="[506,636,808,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">20 3.9 15</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FCC12D626EEE" box="[680,867,808,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">19 (18–19) 3.6 (3.3–3.8) 13 (13–14)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FCC12A5A6EEE" box="[928,1115,808,912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">18 (17–19) 4.3 (3.9–4.8) 17 (13–21)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FCC12AF06EEE" box="[1171,1265,808,912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">10 3.1 11</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FCC12B796EEE" box="[1312,1400,808,912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">5 3.3 18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FC4D2B796972" box="[151,1400,932,1036]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FC4D2FF26972" box="[151,499,932,1036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Head diam. at amphids Length of cephalic setae Amphid height</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFC4D2C7D6972" box="[506,636,932,1036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">16 3–4 7</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FC4D2D626972" box="[680,867,932,1036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">16 (16–17) 3 7 (6–7)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FC4D2A5A6972" box="[928,1115,932,1036]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">19 (16–26) 3 (2–4) 7 (6–8)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FC4D2AF06972" box="[1171,1265,932,1036]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">20 1 14</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FC4D2B796972" box="[1312,1400,932,1036]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">27 1 3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FBC92B7969F6" box="[151,1400,1056,1160]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FBC92FF269F6" box="[151,499,1056,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Amphid width Amphid width/cbd (%) Amphid from anterior end</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFBC92C7D69F6" box="[506,636,1056,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">7 44 6</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FBC92D6269F6" box="[680,867,1056,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">7 44 6 (5–7)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FBC92A5A69F6" box="[928,1115,1056,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">7 (6–8) 37 (31–44) 6 (5–7)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FBC92AF069F6" box="[1171,1265,1056,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">12 60 23</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FBC92B7969F6" box="[1312,1400,1056,1160]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">3 11 21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FB752B79687A" box="[151,1400,1180,1284]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FB752FF2687A" box="[151,499,1180,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Nerve ring from anterior end Nerve ring cbd Excretory pore from anterior</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFB752C7D687A" box="[506,636,1180,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">134 31 160</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FB752D62687A" box="[680,867,1180,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">132 (123–144) 30 (29–31) 159 (150–173)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FB752A5A687A" box="[928,1115,1180,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">128 (116–137) 34 (29–38) 156 (139–170)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FB752AF0687A" box="[1171,1265,1180,1284]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">71 24 -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FB752B79687A" box="[1312,1400,1180,1284]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">50 29 -</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FAF12B7968FE" box="[151,1400,1304,1408]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FAF12FF268FE" box="[151,499,1304,1408]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Pharynx length Pharyngeal bulb diam. Pharynx cbd at base</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFAF12C7D68FE" box="[506,636,1304,1408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">258 26 37</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FAF12D6268FE" box="[680,867,1304,1408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">248 (234–273) 24 (23–24) 38 (34–42)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FAF12A5A68FE" box="[928,1115,1304,1408]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">245 (222–266) 29 (24–35) 42 (34–46)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FAF12AF068FE" box="[1171,1265,1304,1408]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">128 19 24</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FAF12B7968FE" box="[1312,1400,1304,1408]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">90 20 30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986FA7D2B796882" box="[151,1400,1428,1532]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986FA7D2FF26882" box="[151,499,1428,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Max. body diam. Spicule length Gubernaculum length</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBFA7D2C7D6882" box="[506,636,1428,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">38 46 19</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9FA7D2D626882" box="[680,867,1428,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">37 (36–39) 47 (41–53) 16 (16–17)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1FA7D2A5A6882" box="[928,1115,1428,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">61 (48–79) - -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82FA7D2AF06882" box="[1171,1265,1428,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">26 20 -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31FA7D2B796882" box="[1312,1400,1428,1532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">34 - -</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986F9F92B796B06" box="[151,1400,1552,1656]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986F9F92FF26B06" box="[151,499,1552,1656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Cloacal/anal body diam. Tail length V</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBF9F92C7D6B06" box="[506,636,1552,1656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">35 135 -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9F9F92D626B06" box="[680,867,1552,1656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">35 (33–37) 124 (116–133) -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1F9F92A5A6B06" box="[928,1115,1552,1656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">33 (29–40) 142 (123–154) 1202 (1059–1345)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82F9F92AF06B06" box="[1171,1265,1552,1656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">18 55 -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31F9F92B796B06" box="[1312,1400,1552,1656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">23 76 201</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986F9652B796BB5" box="[151,1400,1676,1739]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986F9652FF26BB5" box="[151,499,1676,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">%V Vulval body diam.</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBF9652C7D6BB5" box="[506,636,1676,1739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">- -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DABB9F9652D626BB5" box="[680,867,1676,1739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">- -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAAB1F9652A5A6BB5" box="[928,1115,1676,1739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">48 (47–51) 59 (38–79)</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAD82F9652AF06BB5" box="[1171,1265,1676,1739]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">- -</td>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DAC31F9652B796BB5" box="[1312,1400,1676,1739]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">54 32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89ED382DFFE27E9DA986F8DD2B796A30" box="[151,1400,1844,1870]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA986F8DD2FF26A30" box="[151,499,1844,1870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE2816BA9FFF8DD2FF26A30" authority="Allgen, 1932" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1932" box="[238,499,1844,1870]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BA9FFF8DD2F926A30" bold="true" box="[238,403,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Southerniella</emphasis>
Allgén,
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="CA3C5151FFE27E9DA8EBF8DD2C7D6A30" box="[506,636,1844,1870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">1932</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFE28168A986F8542B656C1B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE28168A986F8542B656C1B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1981,2006]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,933]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE2816BA986F8542F106AA8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1981,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE2816BA8CAF8572D146AA8" author="Fonseca" box="[475,789,1982,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="253" refString="Fonseca, G. &amp; Bezerra, T. N. (2014) Order Araeolaimida De Coninck &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933. In: Shmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology, Gastrotricha, Cyclioneura and Gnathifera. Fol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 467 - 486." type="journal article" year="2014">Fonseca &amp; Bezerra (2014)</bibRefCitation>
.) Cuticle smooth or striated. Amphideal fovea circular, cryptocircular, or cryptospiral. Ocelli absent. Buccal cavity weakly cuticularised, narrow, cylindrical, often deep, with a small opening. Pharynx cylindrical, often with conspicuously thinner anterior-most portion (corpus); pharynx may be gradually widening posteriorly, with posterior bulb, or with swelling near mid-point. Secretoryexcretory system sometimes with more than one renette cell. Anteriormost portion of intestine sometimes differentiated as enlarged non-granular or granular cells surrounding cardia (‘progaster’
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AD8CFEC02ADA6C3E" box="[1181,1243,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168ADF6FECE2B996C3E" author="Steiner" box="[1255,1432,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Steiner, G. (1958) Monhystera cameroni n. sp. a nematode commensal of various crustaceans of the Magdalen Islands and Bay of Chaleur (Gulf of St. Lawrence). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 269 - 278." type="journal article" year="1958">Steiner (1958))</bibRefCitation>
. Female reproductive system with two outstretched ovaries. Tail usually conical, sometimes conicocylindrical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FC769E4FFE18168A9D6FE862A576EDB" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE18168A9D6FE862CDC6FD6" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168A9D6FE862F3A6CF6" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168A8D1FE862C566CF6" box="[448,599,367,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168A8D1FE862C566CF6" box="[448,599,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Southerniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described by
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AA71FE862DFE6CF6" author="Allgen" box="[864,1023,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Allgen, C. A. (1932) Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der marinen Nematodenfauna der Campbellinsel. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 70, 97 - 198." type="journal article" year="1932">Allgén (1932)</bibRefCitation>
based on specimens from Campbell Island south of New Zealand’s mainland. The original description of the
<typeStatus id="E86684CDFFE18168AAFEFE7C2A1E6CD3" box="[1007,1055,405,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AD97FE7C2B9D6CD2" authority="Allgen, 1932" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1932" box="[1158,1436,404,429]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AD97FE7C2AFA6CD3" box="[1158,1275,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">S. simplex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AC17FE7D2B9D6CD2" author="Allgen" box="[1286,1436,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Allgen, C. A. (1932) Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der marinen Nematodenfauna der Campbellinsel. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 70, 97 - 198." type="journal article" year="1932">Allgén, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
lacked information on males, which was later provided in the re-description of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168ADA4FE5E2B546CAE" author="Wieser" box="[1205,1365,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Wieser, W. (1956) Free-living marine nematodes III. Axonolaimoidea and Mohysteroidea. Acta Universitets Lund, 2, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1956">Wieser (1956)</bibRefCitation>
based on Chilean specimens. The latter author also provided a revision of the genus.
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AD28FE352ED36F66" authority="Allgen, 1933" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1933" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Parachromagasteriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AD28FE352B3C6C8B" box="[1081,1341,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Parachromagasteriella</emphasis>
Allgén, 1933
</taxonomicName>
, which was considered a doubtful genus by
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168ABD5FDE92DD06F66" author="Hope" box="[708,977,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Hope, W. D. &amp; Murphy, D. G. (1972) A taxonomic hierarchy and checklist of the genera and higher taxa of marine nematodes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 137, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1972">Hope &amp; Murphy (1972)</bibRefCitation>
and comprises four species according to
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168A986FDCD2FF76F42" author="Gerlach" box="[151,502,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Gerlach, S. A. &amp; Riemann, F. (1973 / 1974) The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea excluding Dorylaimida. Feroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 4 (Supplement), Part 1 (1973) and Part 2 (1974), 1 - 736." type="journal article" year="1973">Gerlach &amp; Riemann (1973/74)</bibRefCitation>
, appears very similar to
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AA03FDCD2DA86F43" box="[786,937,548,573]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AA03FDCD2DA86F43" box="[786,937,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Southerniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and may need to be synonymised with the latter. However a more detailed description of the
<typeStatus id="E86684CDFFE18168ABC4FDA12D046F1E" box="[725,773,584,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AA76FDA02ABE6F1E" authority="Allgen, 1933" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1933" box="[871,1215,583,608]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Parachromagasteriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricauda">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AA76FDA02A216F1E" box="[871,1056,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">P. cylindricauda</emphasis>
Allgén, 1933
</taxonomicName>
, for which no male have yet been described, is required.
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AB27FD852CD76FFB" author="Wieser" box="[566,726,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Wieser, W. (1956) Free-living marine nematodes III. Axonolaimoidea and Mohysteroidea. Acta Universitets Lund, 2, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1956">Wieser (1956)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AA45FD842A166FFB" box="[852,1047,620,645]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindrolaimus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AA45FD842A166FFB" box="[852,1047,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">S. cylindrolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may need to be synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168A986FD792F2F6FD6" box="[151,302,655,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zostericola">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168A986FD792F2F6FD6" box="[151,302,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">S. zostericola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to close morphological similarity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37623A6FFFE18168A9D6FD5C2A576EDB" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168A9D6FD5C2F6D6FB2" author="Bussau" box="[199,364,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD thesis, Christian- Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, 621 pp." type="book" year="1993">Bussau (1993)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168A8FAFD5D2DAE6FB2" authority="Bussau, 1993" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[491,943,692,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amblynema">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168A8FAFD5D2D0D6FB3" box="[491,780,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Southerniella amblynema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AA07FD5C2DAE6FB2" author="Bussau" box="[790,943,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD thesis, Christian- Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, 621 pp." type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AAFAFD5C2B016FB2" authority="Bussau, 1993" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[1003,1280,692,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lympha">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AAFAFD5C2A5C6FB3" box="[1003,1117,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">S. lympha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AD77FD5C2B016FB2" author="Bussau" box="[1126,1280,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD thesis, Christian- Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, 621 pp." type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from abyssal depths in the
<collectingCountry id="4FCA7AFFFFE18168A823FD312F676F91" box="[306,358,728,751]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Peru</collectingCountry>
Basin. Both of these species are characterised by the presence of a single anterior outsretched ovary, a key morphological feature used to differentiate
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AA3DFD152DC26E6B" box="[812,963,764,789]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AA3DFD152DC26E6B" box="[812,963,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Southerniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(characterised by two ovaries) from the closely related genus
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168A89DFCC82D336E46" authority="Tchesunov &amp; Miljutina, 2008" authorityName="Tchesunov &amp; Miljutina" authorityYear="2008" box="[396,818,799,824]" class="Adenophorea" family="Diplopeltidae" genus="Intasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168A89DFCC82FDB6E46" box="[396,474,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Intasia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168A8F2FCF62D336E46" author="Tchesunov" box="[483,818,799,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. &amp; Miljutina, M. A. (2008) A new free-living nematode Intasia monohystera gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda, Araeolaimida, Diplopeltidae) from the Barents Sea and the White Sea, with a key to genera of Diplopeltidae. Russian Journal of Nematology, 16, 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Tchesunov &amp; Miljutina, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(characterised by only one anterior ovary). These two species are therefore transferred to the genus
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168ABBDFCAC2D016E22" box="[684,768,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168ABBDFCAC2CFC6E22" box="[684,765,837,860]" class="Adenophorea" family="Diplopeltidae" genus="Intasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Intasia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AA1AFCAC2A9D6E22" authority="Bussau, 1993" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[779,1180,836,861]" class="Adenophorea" family="Diplopeltidae" genus="Intasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amblynema" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AA1AFCAC2DE46E23" box="[779,997,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Intasia amblynema</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AAE6FCAD2A956E22" author="Bussau" box="[1015,1172,836,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD thesis, Christian- Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, 621 pp." type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168ADB6FCAD2B106E23" bold="true" box="[1191,1297,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE18168ADB6FCAD2B106E23" box="[1191,1297,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AC5FFCAC2F9C6EFE" authority="Bussau, 1993" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" class="Adenophorea" family="Diplopeltidae" genus="Intasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lympha" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AC5FFCAC2EEB6EFE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Intasia lympha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168A9EBFC812F946EFE" author="Bussau" box="[250,405,872,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD thesis, Christian- Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, 621 pp." type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168A8B4FC8E2C0C6EFE" bold="true" box="[421,525,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE18168A8B4FC8E2C0C6EFE" box="[421,525,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AB04FC8E2D836EFE" authority="Jensen, 1991" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1991" box="[533,898,871,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Southerniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nojii">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AB04FC8E2CE96EFE" box="[533,744,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Southerniella nojii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168ABE1FC812D836EFE" author="Jensen" box="[752,898,872,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Jensen, P. (1991) Bodonematidae fam. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) accommodating Bodonema vossi gen. et sp. n. from the deep-sea benthos of the Norwegian Sea. Sarsia, 76, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1991">Jensen, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is also characterised by a single anterior ovary and is therefore transferred to the genus
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AB4AFC642CAE6EDA" box="[603,687,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168AB4AFC642CAD6EDA" box="[603,684,909,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Diplopeltidae" genus="Intasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Intasia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0DD41ECFFE18168ABA7FC642DE96EDA" authority="Jensen, 1991" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1991" box="[694,1000,908,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Diplopeltidae" genus="Intasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nojii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168ABA7FC642D3E6EDA" box="[694,831,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">Intasia nojii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="534C479EFFE18168AA5CFC652DE16EDA" author="Jensen" box="[845,992,908,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254" refString="Jensen, P. (1991) Bodonematidae fam. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) accommodating Bodonema vossi gen. et sp. n. from the deep-sea benthos of the Norwegian Sea. Sarsia, 76, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1991">Jensen, 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="05A9E67DFFE18168AAE1FC652A576EDB" bold="true" box="[1008,1110,908,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E9A5B06FFE18168AAE1FC652A576EDB" box="[1008,1110,908,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="254">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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