368 lines
43 KiB
XML
368 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="2EBBF2FF6AFC9BAED8333DB291991400" ID-CLB-Dataset="29324" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ae31895b-8dc2-408c-9611-268c6666b7ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1444592" ID-ZooBank="565A59C6-7F81-420F-886C-248866F2517D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538631676852" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cranston, Peter S. & Tang, Hongqu" docDate="2018" docId="6D0F87C5011CFFDAFF3FFBE2FEA4FA5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4450.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4450 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Skusella freemani Harrison 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="9136FFBD0116FFD6FFA8FF9BFF99FFC3" masterDocTitle="Skusella Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae): new species, immature stages from Africa, Asia and Australia, and expanded distributions" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698563645875" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="1CC08982FB0D59DF1198662C790133ED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="86EB3BE98F5BAAB72EF7CF5D69864FB6">
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<mods:title id="2E6160CF2E6DDB4F3FF10826807DAF52">Skusella Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae): new species, immature stages from Africa, Asia and Australia, and expanded distributions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E980250EE2E74EFE494CC79827A43A25">Cranston, Peter S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F49A6ABF7B404B9D649B2DD69B9E274B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B763BBF8F38E9FA454A0D9DE951AF4E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E48E24112E62768B8B957A755C6B7533">Tang, Hongqu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0FF43F62700EC0958176EC1F441DFDE6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="833AEF15445C1637B16449792C45D4E6">
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<mods:title id="A7C89614951EBB01FB24EEB8F69BD0CE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="71CDB99EA27FAA5EFA31537A3CB960CD">
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<mods:date id="7059793ADA589CDCA982C18FFBB368DE">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AA986BAA891AAEB28F59A7AB59F14BA5" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="36DA80B0EA59E40A76BE55E69C32835E">2018-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9AA1E6EA67461BD2BFE16B339D99B388">4450</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1CE890CF7B3A07FFE3CC0B710AE57C41" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4A83003D9B0D051AB1DB8291BDB8D7AE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A740EA33DDA6EBA80BF20EDBC79A0C45">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C0C0A3B036325C930D4558EE31B8B2DF" type="CLB-Dataset">29324</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AA137A4562F8B517E07AAA72DBDBF194" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6D0F87C5011CFFDAFF3FFBE2FEA4FA5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5967635" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148462250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5967635" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0F87C5011CFFDAFF3FFBE2FEA4FA5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0F87C5011CFFDAFF3FFBE2FEA4FA5C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="ADBC6558011CFFDCFF3FFBE2FEE6FB76" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF3FFBE2FDACFB57" blockId="10.[151,565,1145,1205]" box="[151,565,1145,1172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="BE5181BF011CFFDCFF3FFBE2FDACFB57" bold="true" box="[151,565,1145,1172]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011CFFDCFF3FFBE2FDACFB57" ID-CoL="6YRQZ" authority="Harrison, 2002" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,565,1145,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freemani">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFF3FFBE2FDACFB57" bold="true" box="[151,565,1145,1172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFF3FFBE2FEEBFB50" bold="true" box="[151,370,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Skusella freemani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="81374B22011CFFDCFED1FBE1FDACFB57" box="[377,565,1146,1172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refId="ref16262" refString="Harrison, A. D. (2002) Chironomidae in the Albany Museum Part 1. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums, 2, 9 - 18." type="journal article">Harrison, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF3FFB07FEE6FB76" blockId="10.[151,565,1145,1205]" box="[151,383,1180,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011CFFDCFF37FB07FE84FB76" box="[159,285,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,216,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male Skusella, hypopygia. A–C S. freemani: A. (L side dorsal, R side schematic, ventral/internal); B, Superior volsella; C, Median volsella; D–F S. silingae sp. n.: D, Hypopygium (schematic, L side dorsal, R side ventral/internal); E, Superior volsella; F, Median volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444596/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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Figs 2
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<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFF4DFB06FF63FB76" box="[229,250,1181,1205]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A</collectingRegion>
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–C
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</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011CFFDCFE80FB06FED3FB76" box="[296,330,1181,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[343,1272,571,944]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[287,1299,553,960]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female Skusella, genitalia. A–C, S. subvittata (reared, Wildman R.): A, Ventral (R side of body only); B, detail including apodemes and gonapophysis VIII lobes; C, detail of labia, vagina and opening of spermathecal ducts. D–E Seminal capsule and spermathecal duct: D, S. pallidipes; E, S. freemani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444598/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">3E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011CFFDCFEFDFB07FEEEFB76" box="[341,375,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[170,1374,226,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1428,193,1981]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Skusella pupae, abdomen (dorsal). A, S. subvittata; B, presumptive S. pallidipes; C, S. freemani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444602/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">5C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="ADBC6558011CFFDCFF3FFB7FFAAAFAAA" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF3FFB7FFD86FA86" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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<materialsCitation id="55CE3C8E011CFFDCFF3FFB7FFED2FAE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914123497" collectingDate="1979-04-03" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="S. Minim" country="Cameroon" location="Adamawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Adamawa">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFF3FFB7FFE1AFB3E" bold="true" box="[151,387,1252,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="F3A0FD5A011CFFDCFE26FB7EFE2BFB3E" box="[398,434,1253,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011CFFDCFE6BFB7EFDA2FB3E" box="[451,571,1253,1277]" name="Cameroon" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFDE1FB7FFD23FB3E" box="[585,698,1252,1277]" country="Nigeria" name="Adamawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Adamawa</collectingRegion>
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[Kamerun,
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||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFCE0FB7FFC5EFB3E" box="[840,967,1252,1277]" country="Nigeria" name="Adamawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Adamaoŭa</collectingRegion>
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],
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||
<quantity id="225E9B36011CFFDCFC74FB7EFBBFFB3E" box="[988,1062,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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||
<collectorName id="48535305011CFFDCFB99FB7EFB38FB3E" box="[1073,1185,1252,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">S. Minim</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate id="815CE9FB011CFFDCFB07FB7FFABCFB3E" box="[1199,1317,1252,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" value="1979-04-03">
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||
<date id="91181013011CFFDCFB07FB7FFABCFB3E" box="[1199,1317,1252,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" value="1979-04-03">03.iv.1979</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFA91FB7FFF7AFAE2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Nagel & Flacke</emphasis>
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||
) (
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||
<collectionCode id="83B7AE16011CFFDCFEABFA92FEDBFAE2" box="[259,322,1289,1313]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="55CE3C8E011CFFDCFEF5FA92FD82FA86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914123498" collectingDate="1978-12-10" collectingDateMax="1978-12-13" collectingDateMin="1978-12-10" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="Hare" country="Nigeria" county="Pe" latitude="6.75" location="Ogelube Lake" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="7.4916663" municipality="Opi Lake" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Anambra State">
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||
1
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||
<collectingCounty id="0C784E5F011CFFDCFEC0FA92FE15FAE2" box="[360,396,1289,1313]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Pe</collectingCounty>
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||
/
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||
<specimenCount id="F3A0FD5A011CFFDCFE3EFA92FE3FFAE2" box="[406,422,1289,1313]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011CFFDCFE12FA93FD88FAE2" box="[442,529,1288,1313]" name="Nigeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFD8CFA93FD4CFAE2" box="[548,725,1288,1313]" country="Nigeria" name="Anambra" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Anambra State</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="057DACA9011CFFDCFD40FA93FCC0FAE2" box="[744,857,1288,1313]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Opi Lake</collectingMunicipality>
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||
1 (=
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||
<location id="E0796008011CFFDCFC05FA93FBCEFAE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0F87C5011CFFDAFF3FFBE2FEA4FA5C:E0796008011CFFDCFC05FA93FBCEFAE2" box="[941,1111,1288,1313]" country="Nigeria" county="Pe" latitude="6.75" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="7.4916663" municipality="Opi Lake" name="Ogelube Lake" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Anambra State">Ogelube Lake</location>
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||
),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="80925014011CFFDCFBDAFA93FB42FAE2" box="[1138,1243,1288,1313]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" precision="15" value="6.75">6°45'0"N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="80925014011CFFDCFB41FA92FAC7FAE2" box="[1257,1374,1289,1313]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" precision="15" value="7.4916663">7°29'30"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate id="815CE9FB011CFFDCFADAFA92FE81FA86" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" value="1978-12-10" valueMax="1978-12-13" valueMin="1978-12-10">
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<date id="91181013011CFFDCFADAFA92FE81FA86" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" value="1978-12-10" valueMax="1978-12-13" valueMin="1978-12-10">10– 13.xii.1978</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, reared (
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<collectorName id="48535305011CFFDCFED3FAB5FE2AFA86" box="[379,435,1326,1349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFED3FAB5FE2AFA86" box="[379,435,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Hare</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
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||
) (
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||
<collectionCode id="83B7AE16011CFFDCFE63FAB6FD8BFA86" box="[459,530,1325,1349]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">NHM</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FFACBFAAAFAAA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" box="[199,1331,1360,1385]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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||
Material mapped, not examined:
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||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011CFFDCFD92FACAFC90FAAA" box="[570,777,1361,1385]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFD92FACAFD0EFAAA" box="[570,663,1361,1385]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">SOUTH</collectingRegion>
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||
AFRICA
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||
</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFCBCFACBFC7FFAAA" box="[788,998,1360,1385]" country="Sierra Leone" name="Northern" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
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||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFCBCFACBFCE0FAAA" box="[788,889,1360,1385]" country="Sudan" name="Ash Shimaliyya" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Northern</collectingRegion>
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||
Province
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</collectingRegion>
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, Molopo Oog, Malmani Oog.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBC6558011CFFDAFF6FFAEFFC39FCD4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FFAEFFF4DFA72" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFF6FFAEFFEC8FA4E" bold="true" box="[199,337,1396,1421]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Description</emphasis>
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||
(data from Harrison in []).
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||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFD32FAEFFCB8FA4E" bold="true" box="[666,801,1396,1421]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Adult male</emphasis>
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(n = 1) total length
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||
<quantity id="225E9B36011CFFDCFBA5FAEEFBFCFA4F" box="[1037,1125,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
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[5.5], wing length
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||
<quantity id="225E9B36011CFFDCFAECFAEEFA05FA4F" box="[1348,1436,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
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[2.7].
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FFA27FE49FA3A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Head. 4 temporals, 11 clypeals. Antennae missing [13 flagellomeres,
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<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFC4AFA26FC63FA16" box="[994,1018,1469,1493]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
.R. 1.5]. Palp lengths (2–5): 38, 100, 100, 88 [45, 189, 201, 330].
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FF99FFB5FF9DE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" box="[199,1222,1540,1565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Thorax. With single weak scutal hump. Setation:
|
||
<specimenCount id="F3A0FD5A011CFFDCFD58F99EFC87F9DF" box="[752,798,1541,1565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="generic">
|
||
1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011CFFDCFCADF99EFC87F9DF" box="[773,798,1541,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lauterborniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aps">L.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
aps, 5–6 [11] dc, 3 pa [3], 11 scts [6].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FF9B3FAFBF9AB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Wing basally infuscate with 2 broad transverse brown bands near contiguous in cells r1, r2+3, and m1+2 with paler ‘windows’ in cells r4+5 and m3+4. Vein setal counts R 17 [26], R1 17 [25], R4+5 13 [34]. 2–4 squamals. V.R. 1.05.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FF9ECFE96F914" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Legs yellow except distal femur and apex of tibia (‘knees’) on all legs brown, on forelegs distal apex of tibia also darkened. Fore and midleg tarsomeres missing. On both mid and hind tibia one comb with curved spur, the other bare.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FF979FAFFF8A4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Hypopygium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011CFFDCFEC2F979FE68F939" box="[362,497,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,216,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male Skusella, hypopygia. A–C S. freemani: A. (L side dorsal, R side schematic, ventral/internal); B, Superior volsella; C, Median volsella; D–F S. silingae sp. n.: D, Hypopygium (schematic, L side dorsal, R side ventral/internal); E, Superior volsella; F, Median volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444596/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Figs. 2
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011CFFDCFE10F979FE57F939" box="[440,462,1762,1786]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
–C
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite IX with 3 [0] anal setae. Anal point swollen, bulbous apically [rounded on
|
||
<typeStatus id="3A1D8871011CFFDCFF3FF89DFF65F8DC" box="[151,252,1798,1823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, more pointed on
|
||
<typeStatus id="3A1D8871011CFFDCFE7DF89CFDA5F8DC" box="[469,572,1799,1823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
]. Superior volsella strongly curved (almost hooked) medially, bearing two strong inner setae. Median volsella 30 long with simple and more taeniate setae up to 20 long (combined MV + apical taenia 50 long). Gonostylus narrowed from midpoint [moderately narrow]. Gcx 120, Gst 122, H.R. 2.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FF8E9FB68F848" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" box="[199,1265,1906,1931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011CFFDCFF6FF8E9FEF8F848" bold="true" box="[199,353,1906,1931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 1) (Harrison in []). Body length c.
|
||
<quantity id="225E9B36011CFFDCFC8FF8E9FCE4F849" box="[807,893,1906,1931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
[4.4]. Wing length
|
||
<quantity id="225E9B36011CFFDCFBF0F8E9FB37F849" box="[1112,1198,1906,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
[2.6].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011CFFDCFF6FF80DFE06F810" blockId="10.[151,1437,1252,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Head 9–10 temporals, 14 clypeals. Antenna 110, 70, 70, 60, 150; AR 0.42 [0.44]. Palp 2–5: 40, 220, 220, 310 [60, 45, 192, 207, 315].</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B1D9665B011DFFDDFF3FF881FD16F84F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444600/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" startId="11.[151,250,1818,1840]" targetBox="[200,1407,216,1761]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011DFFDDFF3FF881FD16F84F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1818,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFF3FF881FE8DF8F3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1818,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011DFFDDFEB5F881FEEBF8F3" authorityName="Freeman. There" authorityYear="1961" box="[285,370,1818,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFEB5F881FEEBF8F3" box="[285,370,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Skusella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupae. A, Cephalic area in
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFD3FF880FD33F8F3" box="[663,682,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Limuling’; B, Lateral thorax,
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFBBDF880FBB1F8F3" box="[1045,1064,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Limuling’; C, Base of thoracic horn,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011DFFDDFF7AF8A1FED6F88C" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[210,335,1849,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFF7AF8A1FED6F88C" box="[210,335,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D, Prealar tubercle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011DFFDDFD80F8A1FD3CF88C" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[552,677,1849,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFD80F8A1FD3CF88C" box="[552,677,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; E, Sternite I,
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFC90F8A1FCD5F88C" box="[824,844,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Sanyatang’; F, Part of tergite IV,
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFB62F8A1FB47F88C" box="[1226,1246,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Jianfengling’; G, Segments II–IV with pedes spurii B and pleural fringe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011DFFDDFCA6F8C3FC09F8AE" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[782,912,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFCA6F8C3FC09F8AE" box="[782,912,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; H–J Segment VIII posterolateral ‘combs’, H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011DFFDDFA21F8C3FF62F84F" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFA21F8C3FF62F84F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011DFFDDFEB5F8ECFE03F84F" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[285,410,1910,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFEB5F8ECFE03F84F" box="[285,410,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S. pallidipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, J,
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011DFFDDFE15F8ECFE48F84F" box="[445,465,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">S.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Jianfengling’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFF0CFE55FF17" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Thorax. With double scutal hump, the anterior larger than longer, shallower posterior. Setation:
|
||
<specimenCount id="F3A0FD5A011AFFDAFB5FFF03FABAFF6C" box="[1271,1315,152,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="generic">
|
||
1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFAA5FF03FABAFF6C" box="[1293,1315,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lauterborniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aps">L.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
aps [1], 10 dc [15], 3 pa [3], 3 scts 10].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFF44FB92FEDE" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Wing. As in male, but fainter, with two broad separate darker bands each extending full width of wing. Vein setal counts R 23 [26], R1 21 [27], R4+5 33+ [52]. Squama damaged/missing [6].</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFEB1FBC8FE80" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" box="[199,1105,298,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">All legs damaged but darker ‘femoral-tibial junction (‘knees’) visible on all legs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFED5FCB8FE6C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Genitalia as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81374B22011AFFDAFEC7FED5FD8DFEA4" box="[367,532,334,359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref16262" refString="Harrison, A. D. (2002) Chironomidae in the Albany Museum Part 1. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums, 2, 9 - 18." type="journal article">Harrison 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFD4CFED4FCF4FEA4" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[740,877,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFD4CFED4FCF4FEA4" box="[740,877,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. pallidipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: seminal vesicles more ovoid, 90 long, maximum width 60, neck weak, less delimited from ducts, ducts initially directed posteriorly then making a complete loop anterior to opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011AFFDAFED3FE0DFE48FE6C" box="[379,465,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[343,1272,571,944]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[287,1299,553,960]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female Skusella, genitalia. A–C, S. subvittata (reared, Wildman R.): A, Ventral (R side of body only); B, detail including apodemes and gonapophysis VIII lobes; C, detail of labia, vagina and opening of spermathecal ducts. D–E Seminal capsule and spermathecal duct: D, S. pallidipes; E, S. freemani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444598/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
, as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81374B22011AFFDAFDB0FE0DFD24FE6C" box="[536,701,406,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref16262" refString="Harrison, A. D. (2002) Chironomidae in the Albany Museum Part 1. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums, 2, 9 - 18." type="journal article">Harrison 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFE21FD4FFDD9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFF6FFE21FE9FFE10" bold="true" box="[199,262,442,467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 1). Length
|
||
<quantity id="225E9B36011AFFDAFE68FE21FD83FE11" box="[448,538,442,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Pale with darker mid-brown apophyses and golden ‘comb’. Cephalic area with tubercles (c. 40 µm long) bearing c 30µm frontal setae, each recessed in pit. Thoracic setation and thoracic horn structure not recognisable. Prealar tubercle present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFDBDFE34FD30" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Abdomen. Spinulation on all tergites reduced with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFC79FDBCFBFFFDFC" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[977,1126,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFC79FDBCFBFFFDFC" box="[977,1126,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: on TII small triangular posteromedian area anterior to very short hook row (of 20 hooks, extending 20% width of tergite), spinule patches on TIII–VI narrower and sparser than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFDC4FDF4FD60FD44" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[620,761,622,647]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFDC4FDF4FD60FD44" box="[620,761,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, TVII and TVIII essentially bare (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011AFFDAFB2EFDF5FB78FD44" box="[1158,1249,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[170,1374,226,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1428,193,1981]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Skusella pupae, abdomen (dorsal). A, S. subvittata; B, presumptive S. pallidipes; C, S. freemani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444602/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedes spurii B well developed. Sternites I–VII bare, with anteromedian patch of fine spinules on VIII. ‘Comb’ on posterolateral corner of VIII with 10–11 subequal-lengthed teeth very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFC6BFD2CFBD5FD0C" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[963,1100,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFC6BFD2CFBD5FD0C" box="[963,1100,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011AFFDAFBF4FD2DFB2CFD0C" box="[1116,1205,694,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[200,1407,216,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Skusella pupae. A, Cephalic area in S. sp. ‘Limuling’; B, Lateral thorax, S. sp. ‘Limuling’; C, Base of thoracic horn, S. subvittata; D, Prealar tubercle, S. subvittata; E, Sternite I, S. sp. ‘Sanyatang’; F, Part of tergite IV, S. sp. ‘Jianfengling’; G, Segments II–IV with pedes spurii B and pleural fringe, S. subvittata; H–J Segment VIII posterolateral ‘combs’, H, S. subvittata; I, S. pallidipes, J, S. sp. ‘Jianfengling’." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444600/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal lobe fringe of 110 +/- uniserial taeniae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFD65FC39FCD4" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" box="[199,928,766,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFF6FFD65FE89FCD4" bold="true" box="[199,272,766,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown/unassociated, but see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFD2FFD65FD7DFCD4" authorityName="Freeman. There" authorityYear="1961" box="[647,740,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFD2FFD65FD7DFCD4" box="[647,740,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Skusella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. ‘Opi’ below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADBC6558011AFFDAFF6FFCB9FEA4FA5C" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFCB9FBB5FC2C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFF6FFCB9FED6FCF8" bold="true" box="[199,335,802,827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The adult male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011AFFDAFDEEFCB8FD22FCF8" box="[582,699,803,827]" name="Cameroon" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
was recognized as an undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFB69FCB9FA87FCF8" authorityName="Freeman. There" authorityYear="1961" box="[1217,1310,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFB69FCB9FA87FCF8" box="[1217,1310,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Skusella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the late Dr Friedrich Reiss of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (Reiss in litt. to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81374B22011AFFDAFB8FFCDCFB4FFC9C" box="[1063,1238,839,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref15607" refString="Cranston, P. S., Dillon, M. E., Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1989) 10. The adult males of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region-Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica scandinavica, 34 (Supplement), pp. 353 - 502." type="journal article">Cranston, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Earlier a female reared from a pupa by Landis Hare had been identified provisionally as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFC6DFCF0FBC9FC40" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[965,1104,874,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFC6DFCF0FBC9FC40" box="[965,1104,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. pallidipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: here we recognise this to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFF3FFC15FDBCFC64" authority="Harrison (2002)" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,549,910,935]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFF3FFC15FEF8FC64" box="[151,353,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Skusella freemani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81374B22011AFFDAFEC3FC15FDBCFC64" box="[363,549,910,935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref16262" refString="Harrison, A. D. (2002) Chironomidae in the Albany Museum Part 1. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums, 2, 9 - 18." type="journal article">Harrison (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This second African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFC0AFC15FC66FC64" authorityName="Freeman. There" authorityYear="1961" box="[930,1023,910,935]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFC0AFC15FC66FC64" box="[930,1023,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Skusella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described without reference to specimens now available to us. The earlier misidentification may have been due to overclearing and/or bleaching making the wing markings very faint and the characteristic leg banding indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFC60FCDBFACC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
As recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81374B22011AFFDAFE3BFC61FDD0FBD0" box="[403,585,1018,1043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref16262" refString="Harrison, A. D. (2002) Chironomidae in the Albany Museum Part 1. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums, 2, 9 - 18." type="journal article">Harrison (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFDFDFC61FC85FBD0" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="2002" box="[597,796,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freemani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFDFDFC61FC85FBD0" box="[597,796,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Skusella freemani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the patterned wing with its Afrotropical congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFF3FFB84FEBEFBF4" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,295,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFF3FFB84FEBEFBF4" box="[151,295,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. pallidipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However it is differentiated by the banded femora and tibia, a setose squama, the shape and orientation of the superior volsella (curved and directed medially rather than posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011AFFDAFB02FBD9FA9AFB98" box="[1194,1283,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,216,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male Skusella, hypopygia. A–C S. freemani: A. (L side dorsal, R side schematic, ventral/internal); B, Superior volsella; C, Median volsella; D–F S. silingae sp. n.: D, Hypopygium (schematic, L side dorsal, R side ventral/internal); E, Superior volsella; F, Median volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444596/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and tapered gonostylus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011AFFDAFE8BFBFDFEE6FBBC" box="[291,383,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1443,1465]" captionTargetBox="[207,1389,216,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male Skusella, hypopygia. A–C S. freemani: A. (L side dorsal, R side schematic, ventral/internal); B, Superior volsella; C, Median volsella; D–F S. silingae sp. n.: D, Hypopygium (schematic, L side dorsal, R side ventral/internal); E, Superior volsella; F, Median volsella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444596/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011AFFDAFEC1FBFCFEE6FBBC" box="[361,383,1127,1151]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the male genitalia and in a looped seminal duct in the female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D9D2A56011AFFDAFB57FBFDFAC0FBBC" box="[1279,1369,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,981,1003]" captionTargetBox="[343,1272,571,944]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[287,1299,553,960]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female Skusella, genitalia. A–C, S. subvittata (reared, Wildman R.): A, Ventral (R side of body only); B, detail including apodemes and gonapophysis VIII lobes; C, detail of labia, vagina and opening of spermathecal ducts. D–E Seminal capsule and spermathecal duct: D, S. pallidipes; E, S. freemani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1444598/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011AFFDAFF3FFB10FE95FB60" box="[151,268,1163,1187]" name="Cameroon" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
location is some
|
||
<quantity id="225E9B36011AFFDAFE66FB11FDA1FB60" box="[462,568,1162,1187]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" unit="km" value="5000.0">5,000 km</quantity>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3A1D8871011AFFDAFD0CFB10FD4DFB60" box="[676,724,1163,1187]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011AFFDAFCF9FB11FBB8FB60" box="[849,1057,1162,1187]" country="Sierra Leone" name="Northern" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011AFFDAFCF9FB11FC2FFB60" box="[849,950,1162,1187]" country="Sudan" name="Ash Shimaliyya" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Northern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Province
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011AFFDAFBEDFB11FB4EFB60" box="[1093,1239,1162,1187]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011AFFDAFBEDFB11FB1FFB60" box="[1093,1158,1162,1187]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Nigerian locality even more distant. As might be expected, some variation is seen but may derive from size as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011AFFDAFB57FB35FAD9FB04" box="[1279,1344,1198,1223]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African specimens are significantly larger than those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2762F831011AFFDAFD43FB48FCBBFB29" box="[747,802,1235,1258]" country="Cameroon" name="West" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa. The conservative approach adopted here is to consider these conspecific until further evidence is available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E51936D3011AFFDAFF6FFA81FEA4FA5C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The associated pupa from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011AFFDAFE50FA81FDD6FAF0" box="[504,591,1306,1331]" name="Nigeria" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, described here for the first time, resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A64D50011AFFDAFB0DFA80FAABFAF0" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1189,1330,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skusella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7D2EAC1011AFFDAFB0DFA80FAABFAF0" box="[1189,1330,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">S. subvittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and new forms from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DB17643011AFFDAFE8EFAA5FEF0FA94" box="[294,361,1342,1367]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
in that the fringe extends from the posterior corner of pleura III through to apex of VIII. Differentiation includes the reduced spinulation on the tergites and, uniquely, an absence of spinules on the bare TVII and VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |