261 lines
37 KiB
XML
261 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A0272D17DABC15F07B452E39F662A98B">A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post- lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CFC021E4CED8C75E37C5E2456EBD3FD">Kozłowska, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6527DC1A96E4D2859B994AF7EE7C06BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0A47BD34DFCFC87F9B58E308ED46491C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="959582D89CCBC0F5CBC29C8047F0FBA8">4208</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5F6B647FCB4CFFC91ACDDF953F023626" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125415183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F6B647FCB4CFFC91ACDDF953F023626" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F6B647FCB4CFFC91ACDDF953F023626" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB4CFFC81ACDDF953F403212" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4CFFC81ACDDF9538E830D3" blockId="8.[151,746,1447,1474]" box="[151,746,1447,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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<heading id="8C356205CB4CFFC81ACDDF9538E830D3" bold="true" box="[151,746,1447,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81ACDDF9538E830D3" bold="true" box="[151,746,1447,1474]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81A95DF9A3BC330D0" box="[207,449,1447,1473]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81A95DF9A3BC330D0" bold="true" box="[207,449,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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type of genicular hoods
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4CFFC81ACDDFD33F403212" blockId="8.[151,1436,1518,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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Genicular processes are typical of many retiolitids, mostly in post-
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC819D7DFD339FB3317" box="[909,1017,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">lundgreni</emphasis>
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Biozone species. One of them is the genicular hood, typical of
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81BE7DC2E3932333A" authority="Holm, 1890" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1890" box="[445,816,1554,1579]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81BE7DC2E38A2333B" box="[445,672,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4CFFC818FDDC2F3932333A" author="Holm" box="[679,816,1554,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" refString="Holm, G. (1890) Gotlands graptoliter. Svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens handlingar, 16, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1890">Holm, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, named here the
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC819B7DC2E3E2F333B" box="[1005,1069,1555,1578]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC819B7DC2E3E2F333B" box="[1005,1069,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">nassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="08796BCBCB4CFFC81E6EDC2E3E66333A" box="[1076,1124,1555,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">type</typeStatus>
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. In the evolutionary history of the retiolitines,
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B34DC0A3BAC335F" box="[366,430,1591,1614]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B34DC0A3BAC335F" box="[366,430,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">nassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="08796BCBCB4CFFC81BE3DC0A3BEB335E" box="[441,489,1591,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">type</typeStatus>
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genicular hoods are present in four species, all of them within the
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81F5ADC0B3F9E335F" box="[1280,1436,1590,1614]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81F5ADC0B3F9E335F" box="[1280,1436,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lineage, which started during the
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81845DC6638893362" box="[543,651,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">lundgreni</emphasis>
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Biozone, and ranges into to the lower Ludfordian
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81EBEDC663F9E3362" box="[1252,1436,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">leintwardinensis</emphasis>
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Biozone (
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<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4CFFC81B52DC433BD03386" author="Kozlowska" box="[264,466,1662,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" refString="Kozlowska, A. (2015) Evolutionary history of the Gothograptus lineage of the Retiolitidae (Graptolithina). Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 64, 56 - 61." type="journal article" year="2015">Kozłowska 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). The species are
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC818EBDC433F2B3386" authority="Kozlowska-Dawidziuk, 1990" authorityName="Kozlowska-Dawidziuk" authorityYear="1990" box="[689,1321,1662,1687]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="kozlowskii">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC818EBDC4339CC3387" box="[689,974,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus kozlowskii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4CFFC81981DC433F2B3386" author="Kozlowska-Dawidziuk" box="[987,1321,1662,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" refString="Kozlowska-Dawidziuk, A. (1990) The genus Gothograptus (Graptolithina) from the Wenlock of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 35, 191 - 209." type="journal article" year="1990">Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81ACDDC9E3B0133AA" box="[151,259,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">lundgreni</emphasis>
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Biozone,
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B2EDC9E385433AB" box="[372,598,1699,1723]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B2EDC9E385433AB" box="[372,598,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81898DC9E391533AA" box="[706,791,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81898DC9E390833AA" box="[706,778,1699,1723]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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/
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC8194DDC9E39B533AA" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" box="[791,951,1698,1723]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC8194DDC9E395633AA" box="[791,852,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">nassa</emphasis>
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Biozone
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</taxonomicName>
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and lower part of the
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81EF1DC9E3F3333AA" box="[1195,1329,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">praedeubeli</emphasis>
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Biozone,
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81ACDDCFB392833CE" authority="Rickards & Palmer, 2002" authorityName="Rickards & Palmer" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,810,1734,1759]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81ACDDCFB3BE833CF" box="[151,490,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4CFFC81BA0DCFB392033CE" author="Rickards" box="[506,802,1734,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" refString="Rickards, R. B. & Palmer, D. C. (2002) Gothograptus? meganassa sp. nov., an unusually large retiolitid graptoloid from the Late Wenlock ludensis Biozone of Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="2002">Rickards & Palmer, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from the uppermost part of the
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81EF9DCFB3EFA33CF" box="[1187,1272,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81EF9DCFB3EE933CF" box="[1187,1259,1734,1758]" class="Graptolithina" family="Rhabdinoporidae" genus="Pristiograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="dubius">dubius</taxonomicName>
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/
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81EA2DCFB3F9933CE" authority="Biozone" authorityName="Biozone" box="[1272,1435,1734,1759]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81EA2DCFB3F3733CF" box="[1272,1333,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">nassa</emphasis>
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Biozone
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81A9CDCD63B203212" box="[198,290,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">ludensis</emphasis>
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Biozone, and
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B9EDCD639A63212" authority="Maletz, 2008" authorityName="Maletz" authorityYear="2008" box="[452,932,1770,1795]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Neogothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="eximinassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B9EDCD639083213" box="[452,778,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Neogothograptus eximinassa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4CFFC8194BDCD739A63212" author="Maletz" box="[785,932,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" refString="Maletz, J. (2008) Retiolitid graptolites from the collection of Hermann Jaeger in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany). I. Neogothograptus and Holoretiolites. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 82, 285 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02988896" type="journal article" year="2008">Maletz, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81E48DCD63ED43212" box="[1042,1238,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">ludensis/gerhardi</emphasis>
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Biozone.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FD886E2CB4CFFC91A9DDD333F023626" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4CFFC81A9DDD333E413282" blockId="8.[151,1436,1518,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B58DD323B403237" box="[258,322,1807,1830]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B58DD323B403237" box="[258,322,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">nassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="08796BCBCB4CFFC81B0BDD323B833236" box="[337,385,1807,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">type</typeStatus>
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of genicular hoods are developed only on the first thecal pair in the oldest species,
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81ACDDD0E3BB3325A" box="[151,433,1843,1867]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="kozlowskii">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81ACDDD0E3BB3325A" box="[151,433,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus kozlowskii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas the rest of the genicular processes are largely of reticulated construction. In mature tubaria of
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B3EDD6B384B327F" box="[356,585,1878,1902]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B3EDD6B384B327F" box="[356,585,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Gothograptus nassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81802DD6B39AB327F" box="[600,937,1878,1902]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
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<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81802DD6B39AB327F" box="[600,937,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC819B9DD6B3F29327F" box="[995,1323,1878,1902]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Neogothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="eximinassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC819B9DD6B3F29327F" box="[995,1323,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Neogothograptus eximinassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genicular hoods of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B72DD463B6A3283" box="[296,360,1915,1938]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B72DD463B6A3283" box="[296,360,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="08796BCBCB4CFFC81B35DD463B9D3282" box="[367,415,1915,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are well-developed on every theca (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4CFFC8196FDD473E3A3282" author="Kozlowska" box="[821,1080,1914,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" refString="Kozlowska A., Lenz, A. C. & Melchin, M. (2009) Evolution of the retiolitid Neogothograptus (Graptolithina) and its new species from the upper Wenlock of Poland, Baltica. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54, 423 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2008.0022" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Kozłowska
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC819E6DD4639EF3282" box="[956,1005,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4CFFC91A9DDDA33EFB340C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1518,2011]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">
|
||
The detailed structure of the hood is shown herein in two well-preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81E8ADDA33B1632CB" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81E8ADDA33B1632CB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4CFFC81B14DDFE3BAD32CB" box="[334,431,1987,2010]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="542" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4CFFC81B14DDFE3BAD32CB" box="[334,431,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB4CFFC81B9BDDFF380532CA" box="[449,519,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002). A – D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E – H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F – G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hood is built from many, very thin and densely packed parallel subjacent bandages as shown in detail on
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB4DFFC91850DAAA384D35BE" box="[522,591,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002). A – D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E – H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F – G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B, F, G. The bandages grow proximally from the genicular list forming a structure of high density. Irregular bandages, growing also proximally and started above the geniculum, are secreted on the outer surface of the hood, strengthening it during astogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB4DFFC919A4DAE23E4035E9" box="[1022,1090,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002). A – D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E – H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F – G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A, E–H). The hoods of thecae within mature tubaria may occlude the whole thecal aperture leaving very little space for the zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4DFFC91A84DB1A3F4134E5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">
|
||
There are some differences in the density of the parallel bandages forming the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91E2DDB143EB53451" box="[1143,1207,297,320]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91E2DDB143EB53451" box="[1143,1207,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="08796BCBCB4DFFC91E9BDB153EF33451" box="[1217,1265,296,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of hoods. The irregular bandages forming the outer layer of the hood may be weakly developed. The most dense and solid hoods are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91B78DB4D38383499" box="[290,570,368,392]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="kozlowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91B78DB4D38383499" box="[290,570,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Gothograptus kozlowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91828DB4D38D33499" box="[626,721,368,392]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91828DB4D38D33499" box="[626,721,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the hoods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC9198DDB4D3F253499" box="[983,1319,368,392]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC9198DDB4D3F253499" box="[983,1319,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB4DFFC91F6DDB523F7B3499" box="[1335,1401,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002). A – D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E – H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F – G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A– D), and hoods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91B3EDBA938AC34BD" box="[356,686,404,428]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Neogothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="eximinassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91B3EDBA938AC34BD" box="[356,686,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Neogothograptus eximinassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC918E4DBA939DA34BD" author="Maletz" box="[702,984,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Maletz, J. (2008) Retiolitid graptolites from the collection of Hermann Jaeger in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany). I. Neogothograptus and Holoretiolites. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 82, 285 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02988896" type="journal article" year="2008">Maletz 2008, fig. 9H, K</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have some space between the parallel bandages. However, in the mature specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91893DB853E1934C1" box="[713,1051,440,464]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91893DB853E1934C1" box="[713,1051,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC91E9ADB8A3AE634E5" author="Rickards" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Rickards, R. B. & Palmer, D. C. (2002) Gothograptus? meganassa sp. nov., an unusually large retiolitid graptoloid from the Late Wenlock ludensis Biozone of Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="2002">Rickards & Palmer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the hoods form solid structures as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC918EFDBE1391634E5" box="[693,788,476,500]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="nassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC918EFDBE1391634E5" box="[693,788,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">G. nassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hoods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC91936DBE13F3534E5" author="Rickards" box="[876,1335,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Rickards, R. B. & Palmer, D. C. (2002) Gothograptus? meganassa sp. nov., an unusually large retiolitid graptoloid from the Late Wenlock ludensis Biozone of Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="2002">Rickards & Palmer 2002, text-fig. 4A–F</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4DFFC91A9DD83D3E2337B9" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">
|
||
In the diagnosis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91B94D83D38683709" box="[462,618,512,536]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Gothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91B94D83D38683709" box="[462,618,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Gothograptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91825D83C3E923709" authority="Rickards & Palmer" authorityName="Rickards & Palmer" authorityYear="2002" box="[639,1168,511,536]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91825D83C38FE3709" box="[639,764,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">meganassa</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC91951DBC23E923709" author="Rickards" box="[779,1168,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Rickards, R. B. & Palmer, D. C. (2002) Gothograptus? meganassa sp. nov., an unusually large retiolitid graptoloid from the Late Wenlock ludensis Biozone of Long Mountain, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="p">Rickards & Palmer (2002, p. 229)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
note that the hoods are “heavily pigmented but with clear microfusellar tissue”. SEM examination of the present material reveals that these hoods have distinctive pustules on the parallel bandages as well as on the typical irregular bandages covering the hoods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FF9C9ECCB4DFFC91AB3D8513B2E3795" box="[233,300,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[192,1399,137,1767]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM pictures of nassa type genicular hoods of Gothograptus nassa Holm, 1890 and Semigothograptus meganassa (Rickards & Palmer, 2002). A – D. Semigothograptus meganassa, ZPAL G. 54 / 1, 1649.2 m, Bartoszyce IG- 1 drill core, Poland, uppermost part of dubius / nassa Biozone, A. hood of th 2 2 with marked surface bandages (arrow). B. enlargement showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrow), C. hood of th 1 2 with marked space between bandages (arrow), D. hood of th 3 2, surface bandages (arrow). E – H. Gothograptus nassa, Bartoszyce IG- 1, 1655.8 m, dubius / nassa Biozone, E. whole hood of th 3 2, irregular bandages arrowed, specimen ZPAL G. 54 / 3. F – G. enlargement of hood, ZPAL G. 54 / 9, F. showing pustules on parallel bandages (arrows), G. presenting edges of subjacent bandages (arrows). H. fragment of hood of mature specimen with thick layer of irregular bandages with distinctive pustules and parallel bandages (arrow), ZPAL G. 54 / 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259255/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pustules are a unique structure known only on the bandage surfaces of some retiolitids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC91F18D8513AFA37B9" author="Bates" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Bates, D. E. B., Kozlowska, A. & Lenz, A. C. (2005) Silurian retiolitid graptolites: Morphology and evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 50, 705 - 720." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91FD2D8503AB637B9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus the pustules identified under SEM, clearly indicate the bandages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D77DD569CB4DFFC91A9DD8893F023626" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">
|
||
The morphology of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91B80D889392137DD" box="[474,803,692,716]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Neogothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="eximinassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91B80D889392137DD" box="[474,803,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Neogothograptus eximinassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hoods is shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC91E56D8893F3637DD" author="Maletz" box="[1036,1332,692,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Maletz, J. (2008) Retiolitid graptolites from the collection of Hermann Jaeger in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany). I. Neogothograptus and Holoretiolites. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 82, 285 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02988896" type="journal article" year="2008">Maletz (2008, fig. 9H, K)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on SEM pictures. They are similar to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10C2AEEACB4DFFC91854D8E5396237E1" box="[526,864,728,752]" class="Graptolithina" family="Retiolitidae" genus="Semigothograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Graptoloidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="meganassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5B6097BCB4DFFC91854D8E5396237E1" box="[526,864,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Semigothograptus meganassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hoods but the enlargement is too small to see the details. The pustules are very weakly visible on the parallel structures building the genicular hoods (Maletz, personal communication).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B353A898CB4DFFC91B98D92238603629" author="Maletz" box="[450,610,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" refString="Maletz, J. (2008) Retiolitid graptolites from the collection of Hermann Jaeger in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany). I. Neogothograptus and Holoretiolites. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 82, 285 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02988896" type="journal article" year="2008">Maletz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded the hoods as composed of microfusellar structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |