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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836930" ID-ZooBank="675A2650-4738-4DDB-8970-1FE4307F6B3C" approvalRequired="10" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="6" checkinTime="1681729821835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Arteaga, Alvaro, Polo, Christian, Arroyo, Yessenia, Willenz, Philippe &amp; Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2023" docId="210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5264.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5264 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hymeniacidon perlevis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="DD3E41209F78FFE03B4E177AFFA37B64" masterDocTitle="Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="489" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="461" updateTime="1681730690862" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alvaro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6001-8358</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; aarteagabengoa 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6001 - 8358</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aarteagabengoa14@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Polo, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6775-8156</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; cpolobio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6775 - 8156</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cpolobio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arroyo, Yessenia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2477-7079</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru &amp; ysabel 0396 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2477 - 7079</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ysabel0396@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4127-9346</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">philippe.willenz@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, S / N, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-17</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5264</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>451</mods:start>
<mods:end>489</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">675A2650-4738-4DDB-8970-1FE4307F6B3C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<subSubSection box="[151,643,654,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,643,654,717]" box="[151,643,654,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,643,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" reason="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3NHYZ" ID-ENA="177573" authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[151,643,654,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,643,654,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,429,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." box="[444,635,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,643,654,717]" box="[151,468,690,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,257,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figure 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[269,365,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figure 5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[376,460,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,239,908,932]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule measurements of Hymeniacidon perlevis from Peru. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation. Number of spicules measured = 30." pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Table 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,759,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,759,783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Synonyms:</emphasis>
(East Pacific, only)
<taxonomicName authority="de Laubenfels, 1930: 26" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1930" box="[480,983,759,783]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sinapium">
<emphasis box="[480,728,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Hymeniacidon sinapium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[735,983,759,783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref20431" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. (Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of doctor of philosophy). Stanford University Bulletin, 5 (98), 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930: 26</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="379 - 467" refId="ref20895" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1997) Shallow waters Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 379 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80003" type="journal article" year="1997">Desqueyroux-Faúndez and van Soest 1997: 432</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Hofknecht, G." box="[250,455,790,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref22016" refString="Hofknecht, G. (1978) Descriptions and Key to the Intertidal Sponges of the Puerto Penasco Area in the Gulf of California. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 13 (2), 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="1978">Hofknecht 1978: 54</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[465,882,790,814]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[465,699,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." box="[713,873,790,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, T." box="[890,1070,790,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="542 - 561" refId="ref24995" refString="Turner, T. (2020) The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally-distributed exotic species. Aquatic Invasions, 15 (4), 542 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2020.15.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Turner 2020: 542</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. &amp; Ott, B. &amp; Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N." box="[1080,1311,790,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="277 - 286" refId="ref21885" refString="Harbo, R., Ott, B., Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N. (2021) First Canadian record (Ladysmith Harbour, British Columbia) of the non-native European sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) (Porifera, Demospongiae). BioInvasions Records, 10 (2), 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2021.10.2.05" type="journal article" year="2021">
Harbo
<emphasis box="[1150,1201,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
2021: 280
</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1321,1383,790,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@9.[178,1410,180,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Halichondria (Halichondria) prostrata Thiele, 1905. A, live specimen (MNRJ 12884); B, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section; C, skeleton architecture of the ectosome in tangential ground section; D, oxea; EF, details of D. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; BC, 500 cm; D, 100 µm; EF, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836938/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,860,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,395,860,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Material examined.</emphasis>
Twenty-two specimens.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-09-20" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Lima" elevation="1" latitude="-12.478369" location="Chilca Islet" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.79868" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 11252" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[707,871,860,887]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 11252</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA38331426FBA97812" box="[893,1034,860,886]" county="Lima" latitude="-12.478369" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.79868" municipality="Pucusana" name="Chilca Islet" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Chilca Islet</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1056,1165,861,887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1187,1246,860,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1271,1436,861,888]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="42.13" value="-12.478369">12°2842.13″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,330,897,924]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="55.26" value="-76.79868">76°4755.26″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[348,461,896,923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity box="[348,390,896,923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[527,628,896,923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[638,752,896,923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[786,918,896,922]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[929,1059,896,922]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2007-09-20">
<collectingDate box="[929,1059,896,922]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2007-09-20">20.IX.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-09-24" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Ancash" elevation="3" latitude="-9.194667" location="North of Colorada Inlet" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.38917" municipality="Chimbote" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 11288" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1069,1222,896,923]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 11288</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3F9E14FAFF6E78DA" county="Ancash" latitude="-9.194667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.38917" municipality="Chimbote" name="North of Colorada Inlet" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">North of Colorada Inlet</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3B9514DEFEDA78DB" box="[219,377,932,959]" county="Ancash" latitude="-9.194667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.38917" municipality="Chimbote" name="Samanco Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Samanco Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[390,503,932,958]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Chimbote</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[515,599,932,958]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ancash</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[616,781,933,960]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="40.80" value="-9.194667">09°1140.80S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[790,969,933,960]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="21.00" value="-78.38917">78°2321.00W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[991,1131,932,959]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="2.7">
<quantity box="[991,1057,932,959]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="2.7">2.7 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1202,1307,932,959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1319,1436,932,959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[185,322,968,994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[338,469,968,994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2007-09-24">
<collectingDate box="[338,469,968,994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2007-09-24">24.IX.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-10-14" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; M. Rios" latitude="-4.105833" location="Mancora Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.0587" municipality="Piura" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 11430" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[485,643,968,995]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 11430</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA39DC14B3FCEB7886" box="[658,840,968,995]" latitude="-4.105833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.0587" municipality="Piura" name="Mancora Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Mancora Beach</location>
“El Point”,
<collectingMunicipality box="[990,1049,968,994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Piura</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1069,1234,969,996]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="21.00" value="-4.105833">04°0621.00″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1245,1424,969,996]" degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="31.30" value="-81.0587">81°0331.30″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll.
<collectorName box="[337,459,1004,1031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[510,611,1004,1031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">M. Ríos</collectorName>
,
<date box="[630,751,1004,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2007-10-14">
<collectingDate box="[630,751,1004,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2007-10-14">14.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-11-09" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="M. Rios" county="Moquegua" latitude="-17.636564" location="Hotel de Turistas Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.341385" municipality="Ilo" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 12084" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[770,932,1004,1031]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12084</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA38F91496FB7E7F62" box="[951,1245,1004,1030]" county="Moquegua" latitude="-17.636564" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.341385" municipality="Ilo" name="Hotel de Turistas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Hotel de Turistas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1264,1298,1004,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ilo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1316,1436,1005,1031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Moquegua</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[159,323,1041,1068]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="11.63" value="-17.636564">17°3811.63″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[332,512,1041,1068]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="28.99" value="-71.341385">71°2028.99″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll
<collectorName box="[702,797,1040,1067]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">M. Ríos</collectorName>
,
<date box="[811,941,1040,1066]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-11-09">
<collectingDate box="[811,941,1040,1066]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-11-09">09.XI.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-09" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz &amp; Azevedo" county="Ica" elevation="4" latitude="-14.268944" location="La Vieja Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.19028" municipality="Paracas" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 12205, MNRJ 12206" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[955,1109,1040,1067]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12205</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[1168,1325,1040,1067]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12206</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3E75136BFF7D7F2A" county="Ica" latitude="-14.268944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.19028" municipality="Paracas" name="La Vieja Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">La Vieja Island</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3BA4134EFE147F2B" box="[234,439,1076,1103]" county="Ica" latitude="-14.268944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.19028" municipality="Paracas" name="Independencia Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Independencia Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[449,533,1077,1103]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[544,576,1077,1103]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[590,747,1077,1104]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="08.20" value="-14.268944">14°1608.20″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[753,922,1077,1104]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="25.00" value="-76.19028">76°1125.00″W</geoCoordinate>
), 4.2 and
<elevation box="[1025,1154,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="4.4">
<quantity box="[1025,1086,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="4.4">4.4 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<collectorName box="[1163,1274,1076,1103]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1284,1408,1076,1102]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
&amp; F.
<collectorName box="[175,277,1112,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Azevedo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[287,427,1112,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-09">
<collectingDate box="[287,427,1112,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-09">09.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-05" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; M. Vichez &amp; Ph. Willenz, G. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, F. &amp; Azevedo" county="Ica" latitude="-15.367564" location="Punta San Juan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.188446" municipality="San Juan de Marcona" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 12181, MNRJ 12183" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[436,585,1112,1139]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12181</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[636,789,1112,1139]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12183</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA38501323FC6B7F17" box="[798,968,1112,1139]" county="Ica" latitude="-15.367564" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.188446" municipality="San Juan de Marcona" name="Punta San Juan" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Punta San Juan</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[977,1214,1112,1139]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">San Juan de Marcona</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1224,1258,1113,1139]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1271,1436,1113,1140]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="03.23" value="-15.367564">15°2203.23″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,329,1149,1176]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="18.41" value="-75.188446">75°1118.41″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll.
<collectorName box="[525,647,1148,1175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[658,782,1148,1175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">M. Vichez</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[793,1273,1148,1175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ph. Willenz, G. Lobo-Hajdu, F. Azevedo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1284,1433,1148,1175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-05">
<collectingDate box="[1284,1433,1148,1175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-05">05.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-12" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="E. Hajdu &amp; Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz" county="Ica" elevation="1" latitude="-14.153277" location="Roquedal" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.26425" municipality="Paracas" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 12859" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[151,317,1184,1211]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12859</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3A0513DAFE637FDE" box="[331,448,1184,1210]" county="Ica" latitude="-14.153277" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.26425" municipality="Paracas" name="Roquedal" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Roquedal</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3A8013DBFD287FDE" box="[462,651,1184,1211]" county="Ica" latitude="-14.153277" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.26425" municipality="Paracas" name="Laguna Grande" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Laguna Grande</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[665,759,1185,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[773,809,1185,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[827,1001,1185,1212]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="11.80" value="-14.153277">14°0911.80″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1010,1199,1185,1212]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="51.30" value="-76.26425">76°1551.30″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[1222,1370,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="1.3">
<quantity box="[1222,1292,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="1.3">1.3 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[151,254,1220,1247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">E. Hajdu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[264,379,1220,1247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[415,549,1220,1246]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
,
<date box="[561,701,1220,1246]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-12">
<collectingDate box="[561,701,1220,1246]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-12">12.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-13" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; Ph. Willenz &amp; N. Mostajo" county="Ica" elevation="2" latitude="-13.827419" location="Islote" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="MNRJ 12886" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[712,867,1220,1247]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MNRJ 12886</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA382013BEFC0C7FBA" box="[878,943,1220,1246]" county="Ica" latitude="-13.827419" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" name="Islote" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Islote</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA38F713BEFBF47FBA" box="[953,1111,1220,1246]" county="Ica" latitude="-13.827419" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30206" municipality="Paracas" name="Atenas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Atenas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1122,1210,1221,1247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1222,1256,1221,1247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1271,1436,1221,1248]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="38.71" value="-13.827419">13°4938.71″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,330,1257,1284]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="07.41" value="-76.30206">76°1807.41″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[350,489,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="1.6">
<quantity box="[350,416,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="1.6">1.6 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[558,677,1256,1283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[689,822,1256,1282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[860,991,1256,1283]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">N. Mostajo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1003,1143,1256,1282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-13">
<collectingDate box="[1003,1143,1256,1282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2008-12-13">13.XII.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-02" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="El Callao &amp; L. Aguirre" elevation="7" latitude="-12.096308" location="San Lorenzo Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.19152" municipality="Lima" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000007" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1155,1382,1256,1282]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000007</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3E3C1392FEE57E42" latitude="-12.096308" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.19152" municipality="Lima" name="San Lorenzo Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">San Lorenzo Island</location>
1,
<collectorName box="[345,451,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">El Callao</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[461,520,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Lima</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[534,698,1293,1320]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="46.71" value="-12.096308">12°0546.71″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[704,882,1293,1320]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="29.46" value="-77.19152">77°1129.46″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[899,1011,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity box="[899,941,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[1075,1193,1292,1319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">L. Aguirre</collectorName>
, XII.
<date box="[1249,1334,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2010-02">
<collectingDate box="[1249,1334,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2010-02">II.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="B. Moreno" country="Cuba" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" location="Las Ninfas Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000013" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000013</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3A6F124BFE4C7E2E" box="[289,495,1328,1355]" country="Cuba" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" name="Las Ninfas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Las Ninfas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[508,617,1329,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[630,689,1328,1354]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[707,836,1329,1356]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-12.480277">12°2849″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[845,974,1329,1356]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-76.800835">76°483″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll.
<collectorName box="[1172,1296,1329,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">B. Moreno</collectorName>
&amp; A.
<collectingCountry box="[1370,1432,1328,1354]" name="Cuba" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[151,185,1364,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2010-06-27">27.</date>
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode box="[184,216,1364,1390]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">VI</collectionCode>
.2010.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-08-06" collectionCode="UCSUR" country="France" county="Ica" latitude="-15.355556" location="Playa Hermosa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.17111" municipality="San Juan de Marcona" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000040" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[294,519,1364,1390]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000040</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA395A122EFD617E0B" box="[532,706,1364,1391]" country="France" county="Ica" latitude="-15.355556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.17111" municipality="San Juan de Marcona" name="Playa Hermosa" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Playa Hermosa</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[718,964,1364,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">San Juan de Marcona</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[976,1010,1365,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1027,1157,1365,1392]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-15.355556">15°2120″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1164,1308,1365,1392]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-75.17111">75°1016″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll. J.
<collectingCountry box="[233,317,1400,1426]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Francia</collectingCountry>
,
<date box="[330,475,1400,1426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2018-08-06">
<collectingDate box="[330,475,1400,1426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2018-08-06">06.VIII.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UCSUR" country="France" county="Ica" latitude="-14.256667" location="Santa Rosa Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.21917" municipality="Paracas" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000043" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[487,706,1400,1426]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000043</specimenCode>
, north side of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA382A1202FB8F7EF6" box="[868,1068,1400,1427]" country="France" county="Ica" latitude="-14.256667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.21917" municipality="Paracas" name="Santa Rosa Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Santa Rosa Island</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3F771202FAAE7EF7" box="[1081,1293,1400,1427]" country="France" county="Ica" latitude="-14.256667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.21917" municipality="Paracas" name="Independencia Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Independencia Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1305,1391,1401,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[1403,1436,1401,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[159,285,1437,1464]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-14.256667">14°1524″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[290,415,1437,1464]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="9" value="-76.21917">76°139″W</geoCoordinate>
), subtidal, coll
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation box="[582,1050,1436,1463]" collectingDate="2010-11-14" collectionCode="R" collectorName="B. Condor-Lujan" country="France" location="Canales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[582,603,1437,1463]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">R</collectionCode>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA392A12E6FD197ED2" box="[612,698,1436,1462]" country="France" name="Canales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Canales</location>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[728,914,1436,1463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<date box="[923,1050,1436,1462]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2010-11-14">
<collectingDate box="[923,1050,1436,1462]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2010-11-14">14.XI.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-02-01" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="K. Farfan" country="France" county="Ica" elevation="7" latitude="-13.820322" location="Atenas Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30078" municipality="Paracas" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000051" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1058,1274,1436,1463]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000051</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3E4F12E6FA3A7ED2" box="[1281,1433,1436,1462]" country="France" county="Ica" latitude="-13.820322" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.30078" municipality="Paracas" name="Atenas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Atenas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,237,1473,1499]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paracas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[250,283,1473,1499]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Ica</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[299,460,1473,1500]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="13.16" value="-13.820322">13°4913.16″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[468,627,1473,1500]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" seconds="2.81" value="-76.30078">76°182.81″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation box="[648,764,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="7.0">
<quantity box="[648,692,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName box="[833,942,1472,1499]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">K. Farfán</collectorName>
,
<date box="[954,1071,1472,1498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-02-01">
<collectingDate box="[954,1071,1472,1498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-02-01">01.II.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-02-19" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="A. Arteaga &amp; Y. Arroyo &amp; B. Condor-Lujan" country="France" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" location="Las Ninfas Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000053" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[1083,1303,1472,1499]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000053</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3E6A12BBFF7D7E9A" country="France" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" name="Las Ninfas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Las Ninfas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[231,336,1509,1535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[346,403,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[417,543,1509,1536]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-12.480277">12°2849″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[549,675,1509,1536]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-76.800835">76°483″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll.
<collectorName box="[854,974,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. Arteaga</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[982,1087,1508,1535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Y.Arroyo</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[1120,1307,1508,1535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">B. Cóndor-Luján</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1316,1433,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-02-19">
<collectingDate box="[1316,1433,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-02-19">19.II.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation box="[151,1433,1544,1572]" collectingDate="2019-04-13" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="M. Pita" country="France" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" location="Las Ninfas Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000059" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[151,368,1544,1571]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000059</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3A351173FD9D7D46" box="[379,574,1544,1571]" country="France" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" name="Las Ninfas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Las Ninfas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[584,689,1545,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[700,757,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[771,897,1545,1572]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-12.480277">12°2849″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[904,1029,1545,1572]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-76.800835">76°483″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll.
<collectorName box="[1212,1295,1544,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">M. Pita</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1305,1433,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-04-13">
<collectingDate box="[1305,1433,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-04-13">13.IV.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-23" collectionCode="UCSUR" collectorName="C. Polo" country="France" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" location="Las Ninfas Beach" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCode="UCSUR 07-000069, UCSUR 07-000070, UCSUR 07-000071, UCSUR 07-000072, UCSUR 07-000073" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[151,378,1580,1606]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000069</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[392,619,1580,1606]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000070</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[632,859,1580,1606]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000071</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[872,1097,1580,1606]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000072</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode box="[1155,1382,1580,1606]" collectionCode="UCSUR" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">UCSUR 07-000073</specimenCode>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:210739589F72FFF13BD915F4FF4E7A01:AC71DE959F72FFEA3E3A1157FE917D0E" country="France" county="Lima" latitude="-12.480277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.800835" municipality="Pucusana" name="Las Ninfas Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Las Ninfas Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[317,426,1617,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Pucusana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[437,496,1616,1642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Lima</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[511,640,1617,1644]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-12.480277">12°2849″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[648,776,1617,1644]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-76.800835">76°483″W</geoCoordinate>
), intertidal, coll.
<collectorName box="[967,1054,1616,1642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">C. Polo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1065,1187,1616,1642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-10-23">
<collectingDate box="[1065,1187,1616,1642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2019-10-23">23.X.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,860,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1652,1678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Description.</emphasis>
Sponge with variable growth. Encrusting or cushion-shaped (up to
<quantity box="[1114,1170,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
thick,
<figureCitation box="[1250,1373,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1386,1424,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">5A</figureCitation>
). Bearing massive lobes (over
<quantity box="[487,545,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
in height) or short digitiform fistules (up to
<quantity box="[1068,1125,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
high,
<figureCitation box="[1202,1292,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Specimens reaching over
<quantity box="[312,381,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
in maximum diameter, but more often up to
<quantity box="[886,959,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
. Oscula (diam. =
<quantity box="[1157,1252,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">14 mm</quantity>
) on top of small elevations (average height =
<quantity box="[485,578,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
), with one or multiple openings (
<figureCitation box="[964,1056,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1070,1106,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">5B</figureCitation>
). Surface rough, consistency slightly compressible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,860,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,288,1832,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Colour.</emphasis>
Orange (
<figureCitation box="[391,512,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4AB</figureCitation>
) or yellow with a slightly orange tint (
<figureCitation box="[940,1060,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 5AB</figureCitation>
) in life and dark mustard to beige in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,860,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1904,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosomal,architecture tangential or paratangential,reticulated or resembling a parchment arrangement in tangential view (
<figureCitation box="[381,471,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[534,570,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">5C</figureCitation>
), with subectosomal cavities (average diameter = 430 µm). Choanosomal architecture confused, with ascending tracts ending in bouquets when reaching the surface (
<figureCitation box="[1177,1264,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[1318,1356,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" startId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1436,1909,2042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,837,1909,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
FIGURE 4.
<taxonomicName authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[288,727,1909,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[288,535,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." box="[551,720,1909,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—orange.
</emphasis>
AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" startId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,1909,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,861,1909,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
FIGURE 5.
<taxonomicName authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[289,731,1909,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[289,539,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." box="[554,724,1909,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—yellow. A
</emphasis>
B, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres. Styles to subtylostyles, smooth, straight or slightly curved, tyles small subterminal (102443 x 213 µm,
<figureCitation box="[401,518,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,251,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[190,1398,180,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—orange. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12181 and MNRJ 12183); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR 07-000059); D skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12084); EF, styles (MNRJ 12084); GH, details of E. Scale bars: AB, approx. 2 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836941/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 4EH</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[573,638,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,252,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[190,1398,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814)—yellow. AB, live specimens (MNRJ 12859 and MNRJ 11252); C, ectosomal skeleton in tangential ground section (UCSUR-07-000007); D, skeleton architecture in transverse ground section (MNRJ 12859); EF, styles (MNRJ 12859); GH, details of E. Scale bars: A, approx. 2 cm; B, 5 cm; C, 200 µm; D, 500 µm; EF, 100 µm; GH, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7836946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7836946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">5EH</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[651,737,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,239,908,932]" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule measurements of Hymeniacidon perlevis from Peru. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation. Number of spicules measured = 30." pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,223,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Ecology.</emphasis>
This species is very frequent in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats and it can attain considerable coverage and biomass in certain localities (e.g Pucusana and northern
<collectingCountry box="[973,1029,259,285]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Peru</collectingCountry>
). Specimens live attached to rocky substrates, near algae (e.g.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[455,598,295,321]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Ulvaceae" genus="Ulva" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ulvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="lactuca">
<emphasis box="[455,598,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Ulva lactuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and invertebrates such as anemones, gastropods, mussels, ophiuroids and cirripeds (
<bibRefCitation author="Gastaldi, M. &amp; Firstater, F. &amp; Daleo, P. &amp; Narvarte, M." box="[265,489,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="465 - 472" refId="ref21459" refString="Gastaldi, M., Firstater, F., Daleo, P. &amp; Narvarte, M. (2016) Abundance of the sponge Hymeniacidon cf. perlevis in a stressful environment of Patagonia: relationships with Ulva lactuca and physical variables. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 96 (2), 465 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315415001198" type="journal article" year="2016">
Gastaldi
<emphasis box="[366,422,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,741,366,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Geographic and bathymetrical distributions.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan. N Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu 1814</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E." box="[221,376,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref24962" refString="Topsent, E. (1934) Eponges observees dans les parages de Monaco. (Premiere partie). Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 650, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1934">Topsent 1934</bibRefCitation>
). SW Atlantic:
<collectingCountry box="[545,656,403,429]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Cuartas, E. I." box="[671,824,402,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref20384" refString="Cuartas, E. I. (1985) Poriferos de la Provincia Biogeografica Argentina. I. Redescripcion de Hymeniacidon sanguinea (Grant, 1827) (Porifera, Halichondrida, Hymeniacidonidae). Historia Natural, 5 (16), 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1985">Cuartas 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gastaldi, M. &amp; de Paula, T. S. &amp; Narvarte, M. A. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[836,1060,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="682 - 716" refId="ref21361" refString="Gastaldi, M., de Paula, T. S., Narvarte, M. A., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2018) Marine sponges (Porifera) from the Bahia San Antonio (North Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina), with additions to the phylogeography of the widely distributed Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis, and the description of two new species. Marine Biology Research, 14 (7), 682 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2018.1506136" type="journal article" year="2018">
Gastaldi
<emphasis box="[936,992,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). SE Atlantic:
<collectingCountry box="[1220,1316,403,429]" name="Namibia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Namibia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Samaai, T. &amp; Turner, T. &amp; Kara, J. &amp; Yemane, D. &amp; Ngwakum, B. B. &amp; Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S." box="[240,463,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="14388" refId="ref23736" refString="Samaai, T., Turner, T., Kara, J., Yemane, D., Ngwakum, B. B., Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S. (2022) Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ, 10, e 14388. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 14388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Samaai
<emphasis box="[334,392,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). SW Indian:
<collectingCountry box="[624,769,439,465]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Samaai, T. &amp; Turner, T. &amp; Kara, J. &amp; Yemane, D. &amp; Ngwakum, B. B. &amp; Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S." box="[786,1009,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="14388" refId="ref23736" refString="Samaai, T., Turner, T., Kara, J., Yemane, D., Ngwakum, B. B., Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S. (2022) Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ, 10, e 14388. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 14388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Samaai
<emphasis box="[879,938,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). NW Pacific:
<collectingCountry box="[1180,1244,439,465]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[1304,1372,439,465]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, C. J. &amp; Lee, K. J." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="187 - 189" refId="ref24087" refString="Sim, C. J. &amp; Lee, K. J. (2003) A new species of the genus Hymeniacidon (Demospongiae: Halichondrida: Halichondriidae) from Korea. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences, 7 (3), 187 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 12265071.2003.9647703" type="journal article" year="2003">Sim &amp; Lee 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hoshino, S. &amp; Saito, D. &amp; Fujita, T." box="[309,545,475,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="313 - 326" refId="ref22129" refString="Hoshino, S., Saito, D. &amp; Fujita, T. (2008) Contrasting genetic structure of two Pacific Hymeniacidon species. Hydrobiologia, 603, 313 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 008 - 9295 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">
Hoshino
<emphasis box="[415,474,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). E Pacific:
<collectingCountry box="[690,777,475,501]" name="Canada" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[791,850,475,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[864,950,475,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Galapagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[1238,1431,475,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref20472" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hofknecht, G." box="[151,337,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref22016" refString="Hofknecht, G. (1978) Descriptions and Key to the Intertidal Sponges of the Puerto Penasco Area in the Gulf of California. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 13 (2), 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="1978">Hofknecht 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[351,821,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="379 - 467" refId="ref20895" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1997) Shallow waters Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 379 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80003" type="journal article" year="1997">Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, T." box="[834,978,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="542 - 561" refId="ref24995" refString="Turner, T. (2020) The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally-distributed exotic species. Aquatic Invasions, 15 (4), 542 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2020.15.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Turner 2020</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. &amp; Ott, B. &amp; Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N." box="[990,1196,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="277 - 286" refId="ref21885" refString="Harbo, R., Ott, B., Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N. (2021) First Canadian record (Ladysmith Harbour, British Columbia) of the non-native European sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) (Porifera, Demospongiae). BioInvasions Records, 10 (2), 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2021.10.2.05" type="journal article" year="2021">
Harbo
<emphasis box="[1069,1127,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Along the Peruvian coast: from Mancora (
<collectingRegion box="[400,464,547,573]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Piura</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[475,538,547,573]" degrees="04" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="55555" value="-4.0">04° S</geoCoordinate>
) to Ilo (
<collectingRegion box="[629,753,547,573]" country="Peru" name="Moquegua" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Moquegua</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[765,828,547,573]" degrees="17" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="55555" value="-17.0">17° S</geoCoordinate>
, this study). MEOW in
<collectingCountry box="[1098,1154,547,573]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Guayaquil, Central
<collectingCountry box="[1385,1436,547,573]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Peru</collectingCountry>
and Humboldtian ecoregions (
<bibRefCitation author="Spalding, M. D. &amp; Fox, H. E. &amp; Allen, G. R. &amp; Davidson, N. &amp; Ferdana, Z. A. &amp; Finlayson, M. &amp; Halpern, B. S. &amp; Jorge, M. A. &amp; Lombana, A. &amp; Lourie, S. A. &amp; Martin, K. D. &amp; McManus, E. &amp; Molnar, J. &amp; Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J." box="[489,722,583,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="573 - 583" refId="ref24187" refString="Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdana, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., Martin, K. D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C. A. &amp; Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / B 570707" type="journal article" year="2007">
Spalding
<emphasis box="[598,654,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Intertidal to subtidal (
<quantity box="[982,1040,582,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
depth,
<bibRefCitation author="Samaai, T. &amp; Turner, T. &amp; Kara, J. &amp; Yemane, D. &amp; Ngwakum, B. B. &amp; Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S." box="[1123,1337,583,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="14388" refId="ref23736" refString="Samaai, T., Turner, T., Kara, J., Yemane, D., Ngwakum, B. B., Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S. (2022) Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ, 10, e 14388. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 14388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Samaai
<emphasis box="[1213,1269,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,318,619,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the Eastern Pacific, eight valid
<taxonomicName box="[745,1007,619,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis box="[745,913,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Hymeniacidon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are known (
<bibRefCitation author="de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. C. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rtzler, K. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[1163,1424,619,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" refId="ref20688" refString="de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., Carballo, J. L., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J. N. A., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Manconi, R., Morrow, C. C., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rtzler, K., Sch ˆ nberg, C., Vacelet, J. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2022) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 27 February 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
de Voogd
<emphasis box="[1288,1350,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName authority="(Ristau, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[151,448,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="actites">
<emphasis box="[151,265,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. actites</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ristau, D. A." box="[286,439,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="569 - 589" refId="ref23420" refString="Ristau, D. A. (1978) Six new species of shallow-water marine demosponges from California. Proceedings Biological Society Washington, 91 (3), 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1978">Ristau, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Dickinson, 1945" authorityName="Dickinson" authorityYear="1945" box="[464,875,654,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adreissiformis">
<emphasis box="[464,667,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. adreissiformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dickinson, M. G." box="[678,875,654,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref20948" refString="Dickinson, M. G. (1945) Sponges of the Gulf of California. In: Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1937, in 1939 and 1940. The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 1 - 55." type="book chapter" year="1945">Dickinson, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="(Ridley, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[891,1176,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="calva">
<emphasis box="[891,992,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. calva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley, S. O." box="[1013,1167,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="107 - 141" refId="ref23301" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1881) XI Spongida. Horny and siliceous sponges of Magellan Straits, S. W. Chili, and Atlantic off S. W. Brazil. In: Gunther, A. (Ed.), Account of the Zoological Collections made during the Survey of H. M. S. ' Alert' in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast of Patagonia. 1881. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, pp. 107 - 141, pls. X - XI. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1881. tb 01270. x" type="journal article" year="1881">Ridley, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticata">
<emphasis box="[1192,1335,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. corticata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele, 1905" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[232,535,690,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fernandezi">
<emphasis box="[232,384,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. fernandezi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[391,535,690,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Desqueyroux, 1972" authorityName="Desqueyroux" authorityYear="1972" box="[545,929,691,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="longistylus">
<emphasis box="[545,700,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. longistylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux, R." box="[707,929,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref20836" refString="Desqueyroux, R. (1972) Demospongiae (Porifera) de la Costa de Chile. Gayana, 20, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1972">Desqueyroux, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[939,1260,690,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis box="[939,1094,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. rubiginosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[1110,1252,690,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[1314,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." box="[159,336,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The Peruvian specimens match the descriptions of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[932,1085,727,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fernandezi">
<emphasis box="[932,1085,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. fernandezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[1100,1224,727,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[1100,1224,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1280,1436,727,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis box="[1280,1436,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. rubiginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<tableCitation box="[202,283,762,789]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,239,567,593]" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative table of confirmed and alleged records of Hymeniacidon perlevis, H. fernandezi and H. rubiginosa, including locality and habitat, external morphology, skeleton organisation, and style size." pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Table 5</tableCitation>
for details) but differ from the Chilean
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[718,870,763,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fernandezi">
<emphasis box="[718,870,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. fernandezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[922,1076,763,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis box="[922,1076,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. rubiginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the presence of subtylostyles, only described for
<taxonomicName authority="(Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[369,863,799,825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[369,495,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[512,855,799,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="787 - 815" refId="ref21073" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Considering this, we rather identify the Peruvian material as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[280,403,835,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[280,403,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has been found in the NE Pacific (e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, T." box="[924,1066,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="542 - 561" refId="ref24995" refString="Turner, T. (2020) The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally-distributed exotic species. Aquatic Invasions, 15 (4), 542 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2020.15.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Turner 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. &amp; Ott, B. &amp; Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N." box="[1077,1276,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="277 - 286" refId="ref21885" refString="Harbo, R., Ott, B., Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N. (2021) First Canadian record (Ladysmith Harbour, British Columbia) of the non-native European sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) (Porifera, Demospongiae). BioInvasions Records, 10 (2), 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2021.10.2.05" type="journal article" year="2021">
Harbo
<emphasis box="[1153,1210,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="464" startId="13.[151,239,908,932]">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,908,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,908,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[554,801,908,932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[554,801,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Peru. Min=minimum, Max=maximum, SD=standard deviation. Number of spicules measured = 30.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<table box="[166,1411,984,1979]" gridcols="10" gridrows="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<tr box="[166,1411,984,1008]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th box="[166,367,984,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,270,984,1008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[396,524,984,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[396,485,984,1008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Locality</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[696,867,984,1008]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[731,867,984,1008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Length (μm)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1143,1301,984,1008]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1167,1294,984,1008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Width (μm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1024,1048]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td box="[602,647,1024,1048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[602,647,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[696,758,1024,1048]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[696,758,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[816,867,1024,1048]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,854,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[937,986,1024,1048]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[937,986,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Max</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1024,1048]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1048,1093,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Min</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1024,1048]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1143,1205,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1024,1048]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1269,1301,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1024,1048]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1362,1411,1024,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Max</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1064,1088]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1064,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 11252</th>
<td box="[396,524,1064,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1064,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">123</td>
<td box="[696,758,1064,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">283.1</td>
<td box="[816,867,1064,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">94.3</td>
<td box="[937,986,1064,1088]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">411</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1064,1088]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1064,1088]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1064,1088]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2.4</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1064,1088]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">12</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1107,1131]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1107,1131]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 11288</th>
<td box="[396,524,1107,1131]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Chimbote</td>
<td box="[602,647,1107,1131]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">132</td>
<td box="[696,758,1107,1131]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">247.9</td>
<td box="[816,867,1107,1131]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">74.4</td>
<td box="[937,986,1107,1131]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">357</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1107,1131]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1107,1131]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">6.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1107,1131]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2.1</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1107,1131]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">11</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1149,1173]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1149,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 11430</th>
<td box="[396,524,1149,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Mancora</td>
<td box="[602,647,1149,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">102</td>
<td box="[696,758,1149,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">188.2</td>
<td box="[816,867,1149,1173]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">47.1</td>
<td box="[937,986,1149,1173]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">291</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1149,1173]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1149,1173]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4.1</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1149,1173]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">0.9</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1149,1173]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1191,1216]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1191,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12084</th>
<td box="[396,524,1191,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Ilo</td>
<td box="[602,647,1191,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">132</td>
<td box="[696,758,1191,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">259.9</td>
<td box="[816,867,1191,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">57.7</td>
<td box="[937,986,1191,1216]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">358</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1191,1216]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1191,1216]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">7.2</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1191,1216]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.3</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1191,1216]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1234,1258]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1234,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12205</th>
<td box="[396,524,1234,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracas</td>
<td box="[602,647,1234,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">132</td>
<td box="[696,758,1234,1258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">316.9</td>
<td box="[816,867,1234,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">75.1</td>
<td box="[937,986,1234,1258]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">443</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1234,1258]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1234,1258]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.6</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1234,1258]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.9</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1234,1258]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">12</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1276,1300]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1276,1300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12206</th>
<td box="[396,524,1276,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracas</td>
<td box="[602,647,1276,1300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">142</td>
<td box="[696,758,1276,1300]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">272.1</td>
<td box="[816,867,1276,1300]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">78.9</td>
<td box="[937,986,1276,1300]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">383</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1276,1300]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1276,1300]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">7.9</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1276,1300]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.9</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1276,1300]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">12</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1319,1343]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1319,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12181</th>
<td box="[396,524,1319,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Marcona</td>
<td box="[602,647,1319,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">147</td>
<td box="[696,758,1319,1343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">266.5</td>
<td box="[816,867,1319,1343]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">64.3</td>
<td box="[937,986,1319,1343]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">363</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1319,1343]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">5</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1319,1343]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.1</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1319,1343]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.6</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1319,1343]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">11</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1361,1385]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1361,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12183</th>
<td box="[396,524,1361,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Marcona</td>
<td box="[602,647,1361,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">124</td>
<td box="[696,758,1361,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">215.4</td>
<td box="[816,867,1361,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">58.6</td>
<td box="[937,986,1361,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">362</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1361,1385]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">5</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1361,1385]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">7.3</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1361,1385]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.5</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1361,1385]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">11</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1403,1428]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1403,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12859</th>
<td box="[396,524,1403,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracas</td>
<td box="[602,647,1403,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">157</td>
<td box="[696,758,1403,1428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">268.6</td>
<td box="[816,867,1403,1428]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">53.7</td>
<td box="[937,986,1403,1428]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">361</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1403,1428]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1403,1428]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">7.1</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1403,1428]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.1</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1403,1428]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1446,1470]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1446,1470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">MNRJ 12886</th>
<td box="[396,524,1446,1470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracas</td>
<td box="[602,647,1446,1470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">128</td>
<td box="[696,758,1446,1470]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">274.6</td>
<td box="[816,867,1446,1470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">66.3</td>
<td box="[937,986,1446,1470]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">378</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1446,1470]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1446,1470]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1446,1470]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.8</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1446,1470]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">12</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1488,1512]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1488,1512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000007</th>
<td box="[396,524,1488,1512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">San Lorenzo</td>
<td box="[602,647,1488,1512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">150</td>
<td box="[696,758,1488,1512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">267.1</td>
<td box="[816,867,1488,1512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">58.8</td>
<td box="[937,986,1488,1512]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">350</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1488,1512]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">3</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1488,1512]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">6.7</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1488,1512]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.7</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1488,1512]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1531,1555]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1531,1555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000013</th>
<td box="[396,524,1531,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1531,1555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">130</td>
<td box="[696,758,1531,1555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">274.1</td>
<td box="[816,867,1531,1555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">57.7</td>
<td box="[937,986,1531,1555]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">360</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1531,1555]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">3</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1531,1555]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">7.6</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1531,1555]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2.1</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1531,1555]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">13</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1573,1597]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1573,1597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000040</th>
<td box="[396,524,1573,1597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Marcona</td>
<td box="[602,647,1573,1597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">130</td>
<td box="[696,758,1573,1597]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">289.3</td>
<td box="[816,867,1573,1597]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">82.9</td>
<td box="[937,986,1573,1597]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">390</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1573,1597]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1573,1597]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.5</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1573,1597]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2.6</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1573,1597]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">13</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1616,1640]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1616,1640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000043</th>
<td box="[396,524,1616,1640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracas</td>
<td box="[602,647,1616,1640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">140</td>
<td box="[696,758,1616,1640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">313.0</td>
<td box="[816,867,1616,1640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">73.1</td>
<td box="[937,986,1616,1640]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">400</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1616,1640]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">3</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1616,1640]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">9.1</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1616,1640]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">0.3</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1616,1640]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">13</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1658,1682]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1658,1682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000051</th>
<td box="[396,524,1658,1682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracas</td>
<td box="[602,647,1658,1682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">130</td>
<td box="[696,758,1658,1682]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">293.2</td>
<td box="[816,867,1658,1682]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">65.3</td>
<td box="[937,986,1658,1682]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">385</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1658,1682]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1658,1682]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">6.7</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1658,1682]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.7</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1658,1682]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1700,1724]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1700,1724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000053</th>
<td box="[396,524,1700,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1700,1724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">140</td>
<td box="[696,758,1700,1724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">283.9</td>
<td box="[816,867,1700,1724]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">67.5</td>
<td box="[937,986,1700,1724]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">370</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1700,1724]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1700,1724]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">6.8</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1700,1724]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.9</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1700,1724]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1743,1767]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1743,1767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000059</th>
<td box="[396,524,1743,1767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1743,1767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">110</td>
<td box="[696,758,1743,1767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">261.2</td>
<td box="[816,867,1743,1767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">55.9</td>
<td box="[937,986,1743,1767]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">330</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1743,1767]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1743,1767]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">5.3</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1743,1767]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1743,1767]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1785,1809]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1785,1809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000069</th>
<td box="[396,524,1785,1809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1785,1809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">140</td>
<td box="[696,758,1785,1809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">288.7</td>
<td box="[816,867,1785,1809]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">75.0</td>
<td box="[937,986,1785,1809]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">390</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1785,1809]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">5</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1785,1809]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1785,1809]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2.2</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1785,1809]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">13</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1827,1852]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1827,1852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000070</th>
<td box="[396,524,1827,1852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1827,1852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">150</td>
<td box="[696,758,1827,1852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">292.0</td>
<td box="[816,867,1827,1852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">66.4</td>
<td box="[937,986,1827,1852]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">390</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1827,1852]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">5</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1827,1852]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1827,1852]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.9</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1827,1852]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1870,1894]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1870,1894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000071</th>
<td box="[396,524,1870,1894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1870,1894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">150</td>
<td box="[696,758,1870,1894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">301.3</td>
<td box="[816,867,1870,1894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">49.3</td>
<td box="[937,986,1870,1894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">370</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1870,1894]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">3</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1870,1894]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">7.6</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1870,1894]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.4</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1870,1894]" gridcol="9" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1912,1936]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1912,1936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000072</th>
<td box="[396,524,1912,1936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1912,1936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">140</td>
<td box="[696,758,1912,1936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">310.7</td>
<td box="[816,867,1912,1936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">67.1</td>
<td box="[937,986,1912,1936]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">390</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1912,1936]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">4</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1912,1936]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">8.2</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1912,1936]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.7</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1912,1936]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1411,1955,1979]" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<th box="[166,367,1955,1979]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UCSUR 07-000073</th>
<td box="[396,524,1955,1979]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Pucusana</td>
<td box="[602,647,1955,1979]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">140</td>
<td box="[696,758,1955,1979]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">294.3</td>
<td box="[816,867,1955,1979]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">52.1</td>
<td box="[937,986,1955,1979]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">360</td>
<td box="[1048,1093,1955,1979]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">2</td>
<td box="[1143,1205,1955,1979]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">6.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1301,1955,1979]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">1.8</td>
<td box="[1362,1411,1955,1979]" gridcol="9" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">10</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="465" startId="14.[151,239,567,593]">
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,2038,567,629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,567,593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Comparative table of confirmed and alleged records of
<emphasis box="[865,1271,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[865,1114,567,593]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">Hymeniacidon perlevis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[1125,1271,567,593]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fernandezi">H. fernandezi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1323,1471,567,593]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis box="[1323,1471,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">H. rubiginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including locality and habitat, external morphology, skeleton organisation, and style size.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<table box="[165,2023,648,1572]" colsContinueIn="15.[151,2009,565,1622]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<tr box="[165,2023,648,709]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,397,648,709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,244,648,673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[442,692,648,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[442,661,648,673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Locality and habitat</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[725,1145,648,709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[725,957,648,673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">External morphology</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1179,1456,648,709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1179,1283,648,673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Ectosome</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1491,1768,648,709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1491,1630,648,673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Choanosome</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1802,2023,648,709]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Styles (length x width in µm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2023,732,757]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,2023,732,757]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis box="[165,400,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2023,780,877]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,397,780,877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<bibRefCitation author="Montagu, G." box="[165,331,780,805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref22883" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu (1814)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[442,692,780,877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Devon Coast, England Apparently attached to a rock</td>
<td box="[725,1145,780,877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Yellow (alive) and light brown (dry) Numerous obtuse papillae on surface Scattered moderate-sized pores</td>
<td box="[1179,1456,780,877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">-</td>
<td box="[1491,1768,780,877]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">-</td>
<td box="[1802,2023,780,877]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2023,899,1032]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,397,899,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<bibRefCitation author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[165,385,899,924]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref20472" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" box="[193,317,935,960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sinapium">
<emphasis box="[193,317,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">H. sinapium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[442,692,899,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Newport Bay, California Intertidal, abundant on rocks, in calm and warm waters</td>
<td box="[725,1145,899,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Bright yellow with orange tints (alive) Encrusting to massive Oscula on raised processes Surface smooth with scattered low conuli</td>
<td box="[1179,1456,899,1032]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Thin with subdermal brushes and lacunae</td>
<td box="[1491,1768,899,1032]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Confused with tracts, mostly directed verti- cally and with points of the styles up</td>
<td box="[1802,2023,899,1032]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">340 x 9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2023,1055,1224]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,397,1055,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<bibRefCitation author="Hofknecht, G." box="[165,349,1055,1080]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="51 - 56" refId="ref22016" refString="Hofknecht, G. (1978) Descriptions and Key to the Intertidal Sponges of the Puerto Penasco Area in the Gulf of California. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 13 (2), 51 - 56." type="journal article" year="1978">Hofknecht (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, as
<emphasis box="[193,317,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">H. sinapium</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[442,692,1055,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Gulf of California Inter- tidal and subtidal Abundant on rocks</td>
<td box="[725,1145,1055,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Bright orange (alive) and dark mustard (alcohol) Encrusting to massive Surface smooth with ridges Oscula over small elevations</td>
<td box="[1179,1456,1055,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">-</td>
<td box="[1491,1768,1055,1224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">-</td>
<td box="[1802,2023,1055,1224]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Slightly curved 350 x 10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2023,1247,1416]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,397,1247,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<bibRefCitation author="Cuartas, E. I." box="[165,319,1247,1272]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref20384" refString="Cuartas, E. I. (1985) Poriferos de la Provincia Biogeografica Argentina. I. Redescripcion de Hymeniacidon sanguinea (Grant, 1827) (Porifera, Halichondrida, Hymeniacidonidae). Historia Natural, 5 (16), 125 - 131." type="journal article" year="1985">Cuartas (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, as
<emphasis box="[165,300,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">H. sanguinea</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[442,692,1247,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Mar del Plata, Argentina Intertidal Associated with mussels</td>
<td box="[725,1145,1247,1416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Reddish orange (alive) Encrusting to massive with grooved surface Firm and homogeneous consistency</td>
<td box="[1179,1456,1247,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Paratangential with subder- mal brushes</td>
<td box="[1491,1768,1247,1416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Tracts ascending to surface Choanocyte chambers around inhalant canals</td>
<td box="[1802,2023,1247,1416]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Ectosomal: 240 x 5. Choanosomal (main): with two means in length 410 x 10 and 450 x 10</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[165,2023,1439,1572]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<th box="[165,397,1439,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[165,394,1439,1500]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="379 - 467" refId="ref20895" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1997) Shallow waters Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 379 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80003" type="journal article" year="1997">Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName box="[165,289,1511,1536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sinapium">
<emphasis box="[165,289,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">H. sinapium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[442,692,1439,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Galapagos Islands. Intertidal On barnacles</td>
<td box="[725,1145,1439,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Orange (formalin and ethanol) Thinly encrusting to low cushions Soft and surface smooth No apparent oscula</td>
<td box="[1179,1456,1439,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Tangential, easily detacha- ble with subdermal lacunae</td>
<td box="[1491,1768,1439,1572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Confused with large open spaces Tracts randomly oriented towards the surface</td>
<td box="[1802,2023,1439,1572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Curved 148237312 x 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[1713,2024,1595,1620]" box="[1713,2024,1595,1620]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<tableNote box="[1713,2024,1595,1620]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" targetBox="[165,2023,648,1572]" targetPageId="14">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption box="[151,398,517,542]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" startId="15.[151,235,517,542]">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,398,517,542]" box="[151,398,517,542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">TABLE 5. (Continued)</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<table box="[151,2009,565,1622]" colsContinueFrom="14.[165,2023,648,1572]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<tr box="[151,2009,565,626]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th box="[151,390,565,626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,230,565,590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[427,690,565,626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[427,646,565,590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Locality and habitat</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[711,1141,565,626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[711,942,565,590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">External morphology</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1164,1451,565,626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1164,1268,565,590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Ectosome</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1477,1755,565,626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1477,1616,565,590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Choanosome</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1788,2009,565,626]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Styles (length x width in µm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,2009,650,819]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th box="[151,390,650,819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="787 - 815" refId="ref21073" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[427,690,650,819]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
Tenby, Wales Intertidal to shallow subtidal On rocks, sand and
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1813" box="[427,534,794,819]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Laminaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Laminariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[427,534,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Laminaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holdfasts
</td>
<td box="[711,1141,650,819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Orange to blood-red (alive) and orange- brown (dry) Encrusting with short papillae and small digitations Consistency fragile and crumbly</td>
<td box="[1164,1451,650,819]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Paratangential with spicule brushes</td>
<td box="[1477,1755,650,819]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Confused with wispy bun- dles of spicules following a wavy course to surface</td>
<td box="[1788,2009,650,819]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Slightly curved often with subterminal tylotes 152475 x 312</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,2009,841,1082]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th box="[151,390,841,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation author="Gastaldi, M. &amp; de Paula, T. S. &amp; Narvarte, M. A. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E." box="[151,366,841,866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="682 - 716" refId="ref21361" refString="Gastaldi, M., de Paula, T. S., Narvarte, M. A., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2018) Marine sponges (Porifera) from the Bahia San Antonio (North Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina), with additions to the phylogeography of the widely distributed Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis, and the description of two new species. Marine Biology Research, 14 (7), 682 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2018.1506136" type="journal article" year="2018">
Gastaldi
<emphasis box="[242,293,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[427,690,841,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">San Antonio Bay, Ar- gentina Lower intertidal to upper subtidal Hard ledges, pebbles, and sandy/muddy bot- toms</td>
<td box="[711,1141,841,1082]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Orange-yellow, yellow, orange (alive) and dark orange-brown (ethanol) Cushion-shaped bearing irregular projec- tions Surface grooved Consistency soft</td>
<td box="[1164,1451,841,1082]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Paratangential not so easily detachable Subectosomal canals</td>
<td box="[1477,1755,841,1082]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Confused with longitu- dinal tracts ascending to surface</td>
<td box="[1788,2009,841,1082]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Straight or slightly curved, some with bi- or trilobed bases 110404 x 516</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,2009,1105,1202]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th box="[151,390,1105,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, T." box="[151,293,1105,1130]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="542 - 561" refId="ref24995" refString="Turner, T. (2020) The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally-distributed exotic species. Aquatic Invasions, 15 (4), 542 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2020.15.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Turner (2020)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[427,690,1105,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">California On rocks and sediments</td>
<td box="[711,1141,1105,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Yellow or yellowish-orange (alive) Irregular projections</td>
<td box="[1164,1451,1105,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Paratangential or tangential with styles forming meshes on the surface</td>
<td box="[1477,1755,1105,1202]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Confused with tracts</td>
<td box="[1788,2009,1105,1202]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Curved and few with subterminal tyle 116415 x 212</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,2009,1225,1250]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th box="[151,390,1225,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. &amp; Ott, B. &amp; Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N." box="[151,345,1225,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="277 - 286" refId="ref21885" refString="Harbo, R., Ott, B., Reiswig, H. &amp; McDaniel, N. (2021) First Canadian record (Ladysmith Harbour, British Columbia) of the non-native European sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) (Porifera, Demospongiae). BioInvasions Records, 10 (2), 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2021.10.2.05" type="journal article" year="2021">
Harbo
<emphasis box="[221,272,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[427,690,1225,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Ladysmith Harbour,</td>
<td box="[711,1141,1225,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Brilliant orange with reddish tint (alive)</td>
<td box="[1164,1451,1225,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Tangential with vague pali-</td>
<td box="[1477,1755,1225,1250]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Confused with plumose</td>
<td box="[1788,2009,1225,1250]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Moderately curved</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,2009,1261,1394]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[427,690,1261,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Canada On ropes and hard substrate</td>
<td box="[711,1141,1261,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Fistular processes (1020 cm) with apical oscula Surface smooth, micropapillate, micro- hispid</td>
<td box="[1164,1755,1261,1394]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">sades of styles that penetrate tracts. the surface Larger canals Canals</td>
<td box="[1788,2009,1261,1394]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">some with subtermi- nal tyle 135399 x 3.513</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,2009,1417,1622]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<th box="[151,390,1417,1622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation author="Samaai, T. &amp; Turner, T. &amp; Kara, J. &amp; Yemane, D. &amp; Ngwakum, B. B. &amp; Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S." box="[151,356,1417,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="14388" refId="ref23736" refString="Samaai, T., Turner, T., Kara, J., Yemane, D., Ngwakum, B. B., Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S. (2022) Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ, 10, e 14388. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 14388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Samaai
<emphasis box="[232,283,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[427,690,1417,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">From Port Nolloth (Namibia) to Kosi Bay (South Africa) Intertidal On rocks</td>
<td box="[711,1141,1417,1622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Different orange patterns (alive) Thin or thickly encrusting to cushion Surface smooth and tuberculate or with digitate processes Oscula 0.5 1.5 mm Compressible.</td>
<td box="[1164,1451,1417,1622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Tangential</td>
<td box="[1477,1755,1417,1622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Confused with ill-defined tracts near to surface, without bouquets Large canals Scarce spongin</td>
<td box="[1788,2009,1417,1622]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Smooth, straight or slightly curved, thickest centrally 155337 x 7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[1698,2009,1645,1670]" box="[1698,2009,1645,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<tableNote box="[1698,2009,1645,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[151,2009,565,1622]" targetPageId="15">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption box="[151,398,494,519]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" startId="16.[151,235,494,519]">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,398,494,519]" box="[151,398,494,519]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">TABLE 5. (Continued)</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<table box="[151,1986,542,1718]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<tr box="[151,1986,542,603]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,690,542,603]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,646,542,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Species Locality and habitat</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[711,1144,542,603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[711,942,542,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">External morphology</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1164,1760,542,603]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1164,1616,542,567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Ectosome Choanosome</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1788,1986,542,603]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Styles (length x width in µm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,626,687]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,360,626,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">this study</th>
<td box="[435,690,626,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Peru: 0417 °S. Inter- tidal and subtidal</td>
<td box="[711,1144,626,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Orange or yellowish (alive) and dark mustard to beige (ethanol)</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,626,687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Reticulated (paratangential) or parchment (tangential)</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,626,687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Confused with ascend- ing tracts forming or not</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,626,687]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Straight or slightly curved</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,698,759]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[435,690,698,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">On rocks</td>
<td box="[711,1144,698,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Encrusting (thin to thick) Oscula on small elevations</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,698,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Subectosomal cavities</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,698,759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">bouquets</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,698,759]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Small subterminal tyle</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,770,795]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td box="[711,1144,770,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">(Slightly) rough and compressible</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,770,795]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">102442.7 x 213</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,818,843]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,1986,818,843]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis box="[151,412,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Hymeniacidon fernandezi</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,866,999]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,360,866,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[151,289,866,891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[435,690,866,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
Juan Fernandez Island, Chile On
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[472,580,938,963]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[472,580,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Antipathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td box="[711,1144,866,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Vermillion (alive) and pale yellowish (preserved) Encrusting with wrinkles on surface Isolated oscula</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,866,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Meshes with spicules paral- lel to the surface (tangential)</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,866,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Presence of cavities</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,866,999]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">200340 x 310</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,1022,1119]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" rowspan-5="1">
<th box="[151,360,1022,1119]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[151,295,1022,1047]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref19837" refString="Burton, M. (1934) Sponges. In: Bock, S. (Ed.), Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 03 under the Direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskj ˆ ld. 3. Norstedt &amp; S ˆ ner, Stockholm, pp. 1 - 58, pls. I - VIII." type="book chapter" year="1934">Burton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[435,690,1022,1119]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Port Albemarle, Falkland Islands Depth: 18100 m</td>
<td box="[711,1144,1022,1119]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Subspherical sponge Grooved surface</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,1022,1119]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Subectosomal canals</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,1022,1119]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Ascending tracts</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,1141,1238]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,360,1141,1238]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux, R." box="[151,360,1141,1166]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref20836" refString="Desqueyroux, R. (1972) Demospongiae (Porifera) de la Costa de Chile. Gayana, 20, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1972">Desqueyroux (1972)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[435,690,1141,1238]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile Depth: 10 m</td>
<td box="[711,1144,1141,1238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Yellowish-white (ethanol) Irregular, rugose and rough surface</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,1141,1238]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">-</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,1141,1238]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Irregular network of tracts and independent spicules parallel to surface</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,1141,1238]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">300400 x 710</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,1261,1286]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,1986,1261,1286]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis box="[151,415,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Hymeniacidon rubiginosa</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,1309,1406]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,360,1309,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J." box="[151,289,1309,1334]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref24830" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[435,690,1309,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Iquique, Chile On rocks</td>
<td box="[711,1144,1309,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Reddish (alive) and yellowish (preserved) Shallow crusts with small elevations (1 mm), with small openings</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,1309,1406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Paratangential Meshes.</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,1309,1406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Confused Subectosomal cavities</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,1309,1406]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">325 x 7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,1429,1526]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,360,1429,1526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux, R." box="[151,360,1429,1454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref20836" refString="Desqueyroux, R. (1972) Demospongiae (Porifera) de la Costa de Chile. Gayana, 20, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1972">Desqueyroux (1972)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[435,690,1429,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Iquique, Chile Depth: 0970 m On rocks</td>
<td box="[711,1144,1429,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Gray-white encrusting Irregular and rugose surface Oscula on small elevations</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,1429,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Paratangential with subecto- somal brushes</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,1429,1526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Tracts with independent spicules around</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,1429,1526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">300420 x 4.716</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[151,1986,1549,1718]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<th box="[151,360,1549,1718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<bibRefCitation author="Cuartas, E. I." box="[151,303,1549,1574]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" pagination="43 - 63" refId="ref20338" refString="Cuartas, E. I. (1991) Demospongiae (Porifera) de Mar del Plata (Argentina), con la descripcion de Cliona lisa sp. n. y Plicatellopsis reptans sp. n. Neritica, 6, 43 - 63." type="journal article" year="1991">Cuartas (1991)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td box="[435,690,1549,1718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Mar del Plata, Argentina Intertidal</td>
<td box="[711,1144,1549,1718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Pink (alive) encrusting with grooved surface Oscula on the surface and small eleva- tions Elastic consistency</td>
<td box="[1164,1464,1549,1718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Discontinuous tangential tracts</td>
<td box="[1493,1760,1549,1718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Tracts of styles</td>
<td box="[1788,1986,1549,1718]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">270390 x 59</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
It is important to mention that due to their high morphological similarities in colour (red to yellowish), encrusting growth form with oscula frequently located on small elevations, confused choanosomal skeleton arrangement, and styles measuring 200400 µm x 316 µm,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[641,795,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fernandezi">
<emphasis box="[641,795,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">H. fernandezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[852,1009,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
<emphasis box="[852,1009,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">H. rubiginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been suggested as synonyms of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1814" box="[151,275,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis box="[151,275,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[291,518,259,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref20472" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[531,866,259,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="787 - 815" refId="ref21073" refString="Erpenbeck, D. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 787 - 815." type="book chapter" year="2002">Erpenbeck &amp; van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Burton, M." box="[878,1023,259,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref19799" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls. 48 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24379" type="journal article" year="1932">Burton 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="379 - 467" refId="ref20895" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1997) Shallow waters Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 379 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80003" type="journal article" year="1997">Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, T." box="[221,362,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="542 - 561" refId="ref24995" refString="Turner, T. (2020) The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally-distributed exotic species. Aquatic Invasions, 15 (4), 542 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2020.15.4.01" type="journal article" year="2020">Turner 2020</bibRefCitation>
,
<tableCitation box="[372,454,294,321]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,239,567,593]" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative table of confirmed and alleged records of Hymeniacidon perlevis, H. fernandezi and H. rubiginosa, including locality and habitat, external morphology, skeleton organisation, and style size." pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Table 5</tableCitation>
) and it would not be surprising to confirm the synonymy of these three species in future studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>