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<document id="F98104E6BF79C16DF99F76BB34BA54D7" ID-CLB-Dataset="26379" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e08d625a-f512-45c8-9cd2-a1069798ddab" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3258532" ID-ZooBank="6C8F0D4B-1830-4B87-ACA4-824C356FDA91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1561648971225" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2019" docId="03A08710682CFFF646EAFD47E2024CE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4623.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4623 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hyadinini Phillips" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="403" masterDocId="FF99FF68682EFFF4467DFFBAE3574B18" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="440" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1698737427717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CF0AA36CEA03E1F66251E6D681EA367D">Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="862D5784CCA85F45C9F1AF2765EAC1A5">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C313658D682CFFF646EAFD47E13C4860" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646EAFD47E14F4800" blockId="2.[151,536,765,792]" box="[151,536,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<heading id="D0FE816A682CFFF646EAFD47E14F4800" bold="true" box="[151,536,765,792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF646EAFD47E14F4800" bold="true" box="[151,536,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF6469FFD47E291480F" ID-CoL="87CTY" authority="Phillips" authorityName="Phillips" box="[226,454,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini Phillips</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF647B0FD47E14F4800" bold="true" box="[461,536,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et alia</emphasis>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646EAFCFAE13C4860" blockId="2.[151,1437,832,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Hydrinini
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF6477CFCFBE2944841" author="Cresson, E. T., Jr." box="[257,451,832,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="159 - 180" refId="ref23114" refString="Cresson, E. T., Jr. (1944) Synopses of North American Ephydridae (Diptera). Parts IA and II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 70, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1944">Cresson 1944: 175</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54B288A4682CFFF647B1FCF8E2A94842" box="[460,510,834,858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64433FCFBE1F54841" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[590,674,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64433FCFBE1F54841" box="[590,674,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Hydrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of authors, not
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64538FCFAE71E4841" author="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B." box="[837,1097,832,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 813" refId="ref24364" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires Presentes par divers Savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France, et Imprimes par son Ordre Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques, 2 (2), 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy 1830</bibRefCitation>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64210FCFBE6C64841" authority="Stenhammar 1844" authorityName="Stenhammar" authorityYear="1844" box="[1133,1425,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philygria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64210FCFBE79A4841" box="[1133,1229,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Philygria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF642A9FCFAE6C64841" author="Stenhammar, C." box="[1236,1425,832,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="75 - 272" refId="ref24412" refString="Stenhammar, C. (1844) Forsok till Gruppering och Revision af de Svenska Ephydrinae. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Series 3, 1843, 75 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16236" type="journal article" year="1844">Stenhammar 1844</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), unavailable, based on a junior homonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D682CFFF646EAFCC4E73A48EB" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646EAFCC4E05348CC" blockId="2.[151,1437,832,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF646EAFCC4E207488F" ID-CoL="87CTY" authority="Phillips" authorityName="Phillips" box="[151,336,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini Phillips</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF6472AFCC5E2C0488E" box="[343,407,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et alia</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF647C5FCC5E12E488F" author="Cresson, E. T., Jr." box="[440,633,894,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="225 - 260" refId="ref23153" refString="Cresson, E. T., Jr. (1949) A systematic annotated arrangement of the genera and species of the North American Ephydridae (Diptera). IV. The subfamily Napaeinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 74, 225 - 260." type="journal article" year="1949">Cresson 1949: 251</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54B288A4682CFFF644FEFCC5E1E2488F" box="[643,693,895,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64579FCC4E71E488F" ID-CoL="636KN" authority="Haliday in Curtis 1837" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[772,1097,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64579FCC4E00C488E" box="[772,859,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Hyadina</emphasis>
Haliday in
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF645AEFCC4E71E488F" author="Curtis, J." box="[979,1097,894,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref23326" refString="Curtis, J. (1837) A guide to an arrangement of British insects: being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland. Ed. 2. Printed for the author, London, 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46860" type="book" year="1837">Curtis 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF6421AFCC4E27748AD" author="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki T." pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref23989" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki T. (1995) A World Catalog of the Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 200–214</bibRefCitation>
[world catalog].—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF6479DFC26E01348AD" author="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V." box="[480,836,924,949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref23623" refString="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V. (1998) Phylogeny of the subfamily Ilytheinae (Diptera, Ephydridae) with species reference to the genus Philygria. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1998">Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1998: 29</bibRefCitation>
, 45–56 [discussion].—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64250FC26E3BA48CC" author="Zatwarnicki, T. &amp; Ryczko, I." pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="495 - 515" refId="ref24803" refString="Zatwarnicki, T. &amp; Ryczko, I. (2014) Phylogeny of Hyadinini (Diptera: Ephydridae) with an emphasis on structures of the proboscis. Annales Zoologici, 64 (3), 495 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345414 X 684821" type="journal article" year="2014">Zatwarnicki &amp; Ryczko 2014: 495– 515</bibRefCitation>
[phylogenetic analysis and revision at generic level].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646EAFC60E73A48EB" blockId="2.[151,1437,832,1072]" box="[151,1133,986,1011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Philygriini [nomen nudum].—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF647B4FC60E19948EB" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Stone, A." box="[457,718,986,1011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="372 - 482" refId="ref24684" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Stone, A. (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. In: Usinger, R. L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 372 - 482, 64 figs." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wirth &amp; Stone 1956: 469</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64496FC60E0CC48EB" author="Cogan, B. H." box="[747,923,986,1011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="126 - 176" refId="ref22928" refString="Cogan, B. H. (1984) Family Ephydridae. In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 10. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam and Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 126 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1984">Cogan 1984: 149</bibRefCitation>
[Palearctic catalog].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D682CFFF646EAFC42E0A84F28" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646EAFC42E0A84F28" blockId="2.[151,1437,832,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Philygriini
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64776FC42E1104F09" author="Lizarralde de Grosso, M. S." box="[267,583,1016,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref23700" refString="Lizarralde de Grosso, M. S. (1989) Ephydridae de la Republica Argentina (Insecta - Diptera). Serie Monografica y Didactica No. 3. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Tucuman, 93 pp." type="book" year="1989">Lizarralde de Grosso 1989: 51</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54B288A4682CFFF6442FFC40E1D34F0A" box="[594,644,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF644ABFC43E0A04F09" authority="Stenhammar 1844" authorityName="Stenhammar" authorityYear="1844" box="[726,1015,1016,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philygria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF644ABFC43E0614F09" box="[726,822,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Philygria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64540FC42E0A04F09" author="Stenhammar, C." box="[829,1015,1016,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="75 - 272" refId="ref24412" refString="Stenhammar, C. (1844) Forsok till Gruppering och Revision af de Svenska Ephydrinae. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Series 3, 1843, 75 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16236" type="journal article" year="1844">Stenhammar 1844</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64268FC42E6CA4F09" author="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki T." box="[1045,1437,1016,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref23989" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki T. (1995) A World Catalog of the Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 1995: 190–200</bibRefCitation>
[world catalog].—
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64700FBADE18F4F28" author="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V." box="[381,728,1047,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref23623" refString="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V. (1998) Phylogeny of the subfamily Ilytheinae (Diptera, Ephydridae) with species reference to the genus Philygria. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1998">Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1998: 50</bibRefCitation>
[synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF645F7FBADE0A24F28" box="[906,1013,1047,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D682CFFF646EAFBE7E2024CE4" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646EAFBE7E7854E34" blockId="2.[151,1437,1117,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF646EAFBE7E2454F60" bold="true" box="[151,274,1117,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF647F6FBE4E2AC4F60" box="[395,507,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
is similar to Ilytheini but is distinguished by the following combination of characters: aristal hairs tending to be reduced (sometimes secondarily moderately well developed); acrostichal setae reduced, prescutellar pair lacking; dorsocentral setae frequently reduced in size and/or number (1+2, 0+2, or sutural+1); subepandrial plate fused with gonite dorsally, forming a rounded projection, sometimes joined medially over aedeagus to form a gonal arch (= subepandrial plate); gonites and hypandrium usually fused; gonite produced posteriorly as a long triangular to almost parallel sided projection, with apex variously modified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646BAFA8CE28C4EA4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1117,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Discussion. The monophyly of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF644FFFA8CE1A54E48" box="[642,754,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
is established by the following synapomorphies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF6436EFA8CE3A94E6C" author="Zatwarnicki, T." pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="65 - 119" refId="ref24738" refString="Zatwarnicki, T. (1992) A new classification of Ephydridae based on phylogenetic reconstruction (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). Genus, 3, 65 - 119." type="journal article" year="1992">Zatwarnicki 1992: 76</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64777FAE0E1DE4E6C" author="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V." box="[266,649,1369,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref23623" refString="Hollmann-Schirrmacher, V. (1998) Phylogeny of the subfamily Ilytheinae (Diptera, Ephydridae) with species reference to the genus Philygria. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 5, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1998">Hollmann-Schirrmacher 1998: 50</bibRefCitation>
): (1) reduction of scutellar/prescutellar acrostichal setae; (2) fusion of gonite with hypandrium; (3) reduction of dorsocentral setae; (4) lack of long branches on the arista; and (5) ventral elongation of the epandrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646BAFA7CE2604D69" blockId="2.[151,1437,1117,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Only three described genera of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF644EBFA7CE0514EF8" box="[662,774,1478,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
occur on
<collectingCountry id="F31E7696682CFFF64507FA7DE7424EF8" box="[890,1045,1478,1505]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, and two are revised in this paper. One,
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF646A8FA50E2394D1C" box="[213,366,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF646A8FA50E23D4D1C" authorityName="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[213,362,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parahyadina</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is apparently endemic to these islands. The three genera can be identified by the key that follows.
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF646A6F9B4E15C4D30" author="Edmiston, J. F. &amp; Mathis, W. N." box="[219,523,1550,1576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref23443" refString="Edmiston, J. F. &amp; Mathis, W. N. (2007) New Zealand species of the shore-fly genus Nostima Coquillett (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa, 1661, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2007">Edmiston &amp; Mathis (2007)</bibRefCitation>
revised the three
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species of
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64596F9B5E7184D30" box="[1003,1103,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64596F9B5E71C4D30" authorityName="Coquillett, and Edmiston &amp; Mathis" authorityYear="2005" box="[1003,1099,1551,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Nostima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nostima</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and herein, we treat the
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species of
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF6470EF988E2844D54" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[371,467,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF6470EF988E2844D54" box="[371,467,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Hyadina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64471F988E1F14D54" box="[524,678,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64471F988E1F54D54" authorityName="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[524,674,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parahyadina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The
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species of “
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF6427BF988E7214D54" box="[1030,1142,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF6427BF988E73B4D54" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[1030,1132,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyadina</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
will be treated in a forthcoming paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646BAF9C0E0F24C18" blockId="2.[151,1437,1117,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
The
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fauna of “
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64476F9C0E12B4D8C" box="[523,636,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64476F9C0E1264D8C" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[523,625,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyadina</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF644CEF9C0E0124D8C" authorityName="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[691,837,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF644CEF9C0E0124D8C" box="[691,837,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Parahyadina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are anomalous within
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64235F9C0E7EB4D8C" box="[1096,1212,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
. The two
<collectingCountry id="F31E7696682CFFF64351F9C1E3904DA0" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species of “
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64729F924E29C4DA0" box="[340,459,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64729F924E2EA4DA0" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[340,445,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyadina</taxonomicName>
,”
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF647AEF925E0644DA0" authority="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityName="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[467,819,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrorata">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF647AEF925E1074DA0" box="[467,592,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">H. irrorata</emphasis>
Tonnoir &amp; Malloch
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64511F925E6564DA0" authority="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityName="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[876,1281,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurifrons">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64511F925E74B4DA0" box="[876,1052,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">H. obscurifrons</emphasis>
Tonnoir &amp; Malloch
</taxonomicName>
, for example, are unlike more typical congeners from elsewhere in the world, notably by their large size and shape of the head, especially the comparatively high gena (Zatwarnicki &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64575F95CE0CE4C18" author="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T." box="[776,921,1766,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref24087" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T. (2019) New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in revision of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae), in press." type="book" year="2019">Mathis 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB63606682CFFF646BAF8B0E2024CE4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1117,2045]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
Although
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64745F8B0E1334C3D" author="Tonnoir, A. L. &amp; Malloch, J. R." box="[312,612,1802,1829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref24508" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. &amp; Malloch, J. R. (1926) New Zealand Muscidae Acalyptratae. Part I. Ephydridae. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 3, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1926">Tonnoir &amp; Malloch (1926)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF644A2F8B0E0264C3C" authorityName="Tonnoir &amp; Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[735,881,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF644A2F8B0E0264C3C" box="[735,881,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Parahyadina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate genus, based on the generally welldeveloped, lateroclinate fronto-orbital seta, the included species are more similar to species of
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF642BCF894E6764C50" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[1217,1313,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF642BCF894E6764C50" box="[1217,1313,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Hyadina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from elsewhere in the world, including
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF64799F8E9E0584C74" authority="Cresson (1930)" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1930" box="[484,783,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullipes">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF64799F8E9E1094C74" box="[484,606,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">H. pullipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF984BF7682CFFF64419F8E8E0584C74" author="Cresson, E. T., Jr." box="[612,783,1874,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="93 - 131" refId="ref23079" refString="Cresson, E. T., Jr. (1930) Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper III. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 56, 93 - 131." type="journal article" year="1930">Cresson (1930)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
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, than are the two named indigenous species of “
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF646BEF8CCE26D4C88" box="[195,314,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF646BEF8CCE27A4C88" authorityName="Haliday in Curtis" authorityYear="1837" box="[195,301,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyadina</taxonomicName>
.”
</emphasis>
Moreover, two of the new species that we describe herein,
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF6459EF8CDE7684C88" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[995,1087,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breva">
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF6459EF8CDE7684C88" box="[995,1087,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">P. breva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B97DEA14682CFFF6420AF8CDE65F4C88" box="[1143,1288,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF6420AF8CDE6534C88" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[1143,1284,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edmistoni">P. edmistoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
often have a reduced though evident, lateroclinate fronto-orbital seta, unlike other congeners. Thus, the
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fauna of
<taxonomicName id="4C094D85682CFFF646EAF804E2504CC0" box="[151,263,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hyadinini">Hyadinini</taxonomicName>
is structurally diverse, which is undoubtedly a reflection of their varied evolution and phylogeny, as well as biogeography.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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