274 lines
20 KiB
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274 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cede2a7-3880-480c-8401-1015e5440145" ID-PMC="PMC7674391" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-990-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" ID-PubMed="33269011" ID-ZooBank="7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704" ModsDocID="1313-2970-990-1" checkinTime="1605112396458" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimizu, So, Broad, Gavin R. & Maeto, Kaoru" docDate="2020" docId="B243E3E5F8A751018B99F1687E317EE7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 990: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 990" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542" docTitle="Enicospilus laqueatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169845364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shimizu, So</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maeto, Kaoru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>990</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-990-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170296367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B243E3E5F8A751018B99F1687E317EE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B243E3E5F8A751018B99F1687E317EE7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B243E3E5-F8A7-5101-8B99-F1687E317EE7" authority="(Enderlein, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus laqueatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laqueatus">Enicospilus laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Enicospilus laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473790" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Henicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Henicospilus laqueatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laqueatus">Henicospilus laqueatus</taxonomicName>
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Enderlein, 1921: 26; HT ♂ from Taiwan, IZPAN, not examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiu" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus leetoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leetoni">Enicospilus leetoni</taxonomicName>
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Chiu, 1954: 38; HT ♀ from Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B41" refString="Gauld, ID, Mitchell, PA, 1981. The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae. CAB: Slough / Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London" title="The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of Indo-Papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae." year="1981">Gauld and Mitchell (1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 396).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Total of 76 specimens (48♀♀26♂♂ and 2 unsexed): India (2♀♀1♂), Japan (22♀♀23♂♂), Taiwan (23♀♀2♂♂ and 2 unsexed), Zambia (1♀).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Type series: HT ♀ of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiu" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus leetoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leetoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus leetoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Chiu, 1954, Taihoku, TAIWAN, 1.IX.1925, J. Sonan leg. (TARI).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Afrotropical and Oriental regions (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="www.taxapad.com" refId="B199" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada. www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015 Database on flash-drive. Nepean, Ontario, Canada." url="www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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); new to the Eastern Palaearctic (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hachijô-jima">Hachijo-jima</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tôkyô">Tokyo</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kantô-Kôshin">Kanto-Koshin</normalizedToken>
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, Japan) and Oceanic (Nishi-jima,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tôkyô">Tokyo</normalizedToken>
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, Ogasawara, Japan) regions (cf. Suppl. material 1: Table S1); this is a predominantly (sub-)tropical species. This species is widely distributed from the Afrotropical to Oriental regions and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300050264" author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Gauld, ID, 1982. A revised key to the Enicospilus antefurcalis (Szepligeti) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species-group of the Afrotropical region. Bulletin of Entomological Research 72: 33 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300050264" title="A revised key to the Enicospilus antefurcalis (Szepligeti) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species-group of the Afrotropical region." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300050264" volume="72" year="1982">Gauld (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that it has possibly been introduced from Asia to Africa, although there is no reliable evidence to support or refute his hypotheses.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newly recorded from Japan.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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JAPAN: [
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kantô-Kôshin">Kanto-Koshin</normalizedToken>
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]
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tôkyô">Tokyo</normalizedToken>
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; [
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ryûkyûs">Ryukyus</normalizedToken>
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] Kagoshima and Okinawa; [Ogasawara]
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tôkyô">Tokyo</normalizedToken>
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. This species is restricted to southern regions of Japan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="bionomics">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bionomics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pseudantennatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudantennatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. pseudantennatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. vestigator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vestigator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. vestigator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. tripartitus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tripartitus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. tripartitus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the shape of fore wing fenestra, sclerites, and venation. However,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. laqueatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="laqueatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. laqueatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is easily distinguishable from them by the outer mandibular surface morphology (i.e., outer mandibular surface with diagonal setose groove between dorsoproximal corner and base of apical teeth in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. laqueatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="laqueatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. laqueatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but smooth or just densely punctate with stout setae in the other three species, as summarised in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Comparison of diagnostic characters of Enicospilus species in Japan that share the triangular fore wing proximal sclerite, larger and strongly pigmented central sclerite, entirely testaceous body, and similar shape of fore wing veins: E. laqueatus, E. tripartitus and E. vestigator." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3BBD1491411479B9A0BA187650890500" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="3BBD1491411479B9A0BA187650890500">6</tableCitation>
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). In addition, this species morphologically resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. aciculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aciculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. aciculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. yonezawanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yonezawanus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. yonezawanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but is distinguished from them by its strongly pigmented central sclerite of fore wing fenestra (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Enicospilus laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473790" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24F</figureCitation>
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) (central sclerite very weakly pigmented or vestigial in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. aciculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aciculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. aciculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Enicospilus aciculatus (Taschenberg, 1875) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473776" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10F</figureCitation>
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, and completely lacking in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. yonezawanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yonezawanus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. yonezawanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Enicospilus yonezawanus (Uchida, 1928) ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473820" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.990.55542.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473790" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus laqueatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laqueatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus laqueatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Enderlein, 1921) ♀ from Japan
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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head, frontal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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head, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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head, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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mesosoma, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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central part of fore wing.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="3BBD1491411479B9A0BA187650890500" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3BBD1491411479B9A0BA187650890500" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 6.</emphasis>
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Comparison of diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enicospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enicospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enicospilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in Japan that share the triangular fore wing proximal sclerite, larger and strongly pigmented central sclerite, entirely testaceous body, and similar shape of fore wing veins:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. laqueatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="laqueatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. laqueatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. tripartitus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tripartitus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. tripartitus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. vestigator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vestigator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. vestigator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
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<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="laqueatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="laqueatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">laqueatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="tripartitus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tripartitus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">tripartitus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="vestigator" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vestigator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vestigator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lower margin of clypeus</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">acute</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">blunt and impressed</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">blunt</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Torsion of mandible</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10-15°</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10-12°</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">60-80°</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Outer surface of mandible</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">with a diagonal groove</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">covered with dence and long setae</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">smooth</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Basal concavity of mandibular outer surface</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">shallow</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">deep</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">shallow</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Discosubmarginal cell</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">rather short</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">rather short</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">ICI</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4-0.5</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.7</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.9</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |