218 lines
35 KiB
XML
218 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="F0DF27897EB67C63C3CD7AC12A4FCFF0" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940454153" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913559" ID-ZooBank="58312615-0833-432E-BF5D-3DFFBF361AAA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1712169471054" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burrow, Carole Jan, Murphy, Michael & Turner, Susan" docDate="2023" docId="B21CD55BFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FA692094" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.4.1-32.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (1975)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.1:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Trundlelepis cervicostulata Burrow 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="4E25AD23FFDEFFE0596C8867FF9B270C" masterDocTitle="Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1717593873813" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1F12AB7C2A5BAEB377671D96199447E1">Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C836F9725020BBB85A619D7810090E55">Burrow, Carole Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F8134AE01572F8648EEDF9181D8C7D2">Murphy, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5168A15E0171EB480C8D90517A67008">Turner, Susan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A7BD761ED64626D19C0665D86B14BCB1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="20662F16C42835609B3B47117322905F">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D1B717FBC850279AA09916CC2163B92D">
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<mods:date id="F5CAFBF8364A5E83FD86C82960AEA993">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3935E6F5C419F33B4CD9066F6FC5EB28">2023-06-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BDA95106D35C589F421CC3B44887A7D0">1975</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BB64E93B34715A1E7010E6A3648DEC29">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153</mods:url>
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<treatment id="B21CD55BFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FA692094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FA692094" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B21CD55BFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FA692094" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FD7B23D4" box="[176,736,1214,1240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FD7B23D4" blockId="11.[176,736,1214,1275]" box="[176,736,1214,1240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="6142D321FFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FD7B23D4" allCaps="true" box="[176,736,1214,1240]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FD7B23D4" authority="BURROW, 1997" authorityName="Burrow" authorityYear="1997" box="[176,736,1214,1240]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Trundlelepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervicostulata">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FDB823D4" box="[176,547,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">TRUNDLELEPIS CERVICOSTULATA</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5B468CD9FD7B23D4" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[554,736,1214,1240]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref22336" refString="Burrow, C. J. 1997. Microvertebrate assemblages from the Lower Devonian (pesavis / sulcatus zones) of central New South Wales, Australia. Modern Geology 21: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1997">BURROW, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD5FFEB59AF8C86FD5623F7" box="[195,717,1249,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59AF8C86FD5623F7" blockId="11.[176,736,1214,1275]" box="[195,717,1249,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD5FFEB59A78C86FECD23F7" box="[203,342,1249,1275]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[112,191,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-277@12.[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Poracanthodid and ischnacanthid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section. A–E,?F,?G. Gomphonchoporus hoppei: A. UCR 949-1 (level 567.3') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 24); B. UCR 944-11 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view; C, D. UCR 5439-2 (level 549') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; E. UCR 5439-3 (level 549') in basal view; F. UCR 5439-7 (level 549') in crown view; G. UCR 5439-1 (level 549') in anterocrown view. H–J. Zemlyacanthus menneri: UCR 10815-1, 2, 3 (level 556.5'), in crown views (from Supplement 1, fig. 22). M–P. Trundlelepis cervicostulata: K, L. UCR 10768-4 (level 518.3') in anterior and lateral views; M. UCR 944-17 (level 527.25') in crown view; N. UCR 944-3 (level 527.25') in crown view; O. UCR 944-23 (level 527.25'), vertical longitudinal thin section; P. UCR 944-22 (level 527.25'), horizontal thin section through crown. Q, R. Poracanthodidae gen., sp. indet. sensory line scale UCR 930-3 (level 395') in crown and posterior views. S-V. Gomphonchus sandelensis: S, T. UCR 10746-11 (level 430.5') in crown and lateral views; U,V. UCR 930-7 (level 395') in antero- and posterocrown views. W–Z. Gomphonchus mediocostatus: W. UCR 944-6 (level 527.25') in crown view; X. UCR 944-16 (level 527.25') in crown view; Y. UCR 942-1 (level 526') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 20); Z. UCR 944-19 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubules; h=hyphal borings; vc=vertical canals. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3K–3P</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="773751F6FFD5FFEB580D8C86FE2023F7" box="[353,443,1249,1275]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[112,179,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[120,1534,204,1847]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@5.[112,1519,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Distribution of vertebrate and agnathan remains in the Birch Creek Section BCII, northern Roberts Mts. (Přidolí- Lochkovian; bold line indicates probable S/D boundary). Vertebrates are to the left above the upper horizontal line and agnathans are to the right. RP indicates Ross Parke samples. Number of elements: x 1-10, xx 11-50, xxx 51-100, xxxx>100." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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; Suppl. 1, figs. 18–21)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD5FFEB59FC8D41FEBE2269" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59FC8D41FEBE2269" blockId="11.[112,800,1318,1381]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB59FC8D41FDE5224D" authority="Burrow 1997" authorityName="Burrow" authorityYear="1997" box="[144,638,1318,1346]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Trundlelepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervicostulata">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB59FC8D41FE4D224E" box="[144,470,1318,1346]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Trundlelepis cervicostulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB58B68D4FFDE5224D" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[474,638,1319,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref22336" refString="Burrow, C. J. 1997. Microvertebrate assemblages from the Lower Devonian (pesavis / sulcatus zones) of central New South Wales, Australia. Modern Geology 21: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1997">Burrow 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 57, fig. 4A-E, pl. 3 figs. 7-11.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD5FFEB59FC8DF6FDBF22A7" box="[144,548,1425,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59FC8DF6FDBF22A7" blockId="11.[112,801,1425,1944]" box="[144,548,1425,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB59FC8DF6FE8822A7" bold="true" box="[144,275,1425,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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—see
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB580C8DF6FD8422A7" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[352,543,1425,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 137" refId="ref22372" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2002. Lower Devonian acanthodian faunas and biostratigraphy of south-eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 27: 75 - 137." type="journal article" year="2002">Burrow (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD5FFEB59FC8DD3FCBB21E4" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59FC8DD3FCBB2135" blockId="11.[112,801,1425,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB59FC8DD3FEFF22C2" bold="true" box="[144,356,1460,1486]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Type material</emphasis>
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—
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<materialsCitation id="8ADD6E10FFD5FFEB58EB8DD3FC8422C2" box="[391,799,1460,1486]" collectionCode="MMMC" country="Australia" county="Lochkovian" location="Trundle" municipality="Lower Devonian" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="MMMC02239, MMMC02236, 02234" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD5FFEB58EB8DD3FD9922C2" box="[391,514,1460,1486]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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scale
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<specimenCode id="6A13CC36FFD5FFEB5B0C8DD3FC8222C2" box="[608,793,1460,1486]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">MMMC02239</specimenCode>
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;
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="8ADD6E10FFD5FFEB591C8DBFFCBB2135" collectionCode="MMMC" country="Australia" county="Lochkovian" location="Trundle" municipality="Lower Devonian" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="MMMC02239, MMMC02236, 02234" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD5FFEB591C8DBFFF7622FE" box="[112,237,1496,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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scales
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<specimenCode id="6A13CC36FFD5FFEB582B8DB0FE6922FD" box="[327,498,1495,1521]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">MMMC02236</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="6A13CC36FFD5FFEB58928DB0FDC922FD" box="[510,594,1495,1521]" collectionCode="MMMC" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">02234</specimenCode>
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; GSNSW locality C607, near
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<location id="3F6A3296FFD5FFEB59978D9DFEFB2118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FA692094:3F6A3296FFD5FFEB59978D9DFEFB2118" box="[251,352,1530,1556]" country="Australia" county="Lochkovian" municipality="Lower Devonian" name="Trundle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="New South Wales">Trundle</location>
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, central
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<collectingRegion id="F871AAAFFFD5FFEB58AB8D9CFD3B2118" box="[455,672,1530,1557]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD5FFEB5BC58D9DFC872118" box="[681,796,1530,1556]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="3F6A3296FFD5FFEB591C8E79FE0E2134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD5FFEB59DC8CD9FA692094:3F6A3296FFD5FFEB591C8E79FE0E2134" box="[112,405,1566,1592]" country="Australia" county="Lochkovian" municipality="Lower Devonian" name="Connemarra Formation" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="New South Wales">Connemarra Formation</location>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="DA6EFE37FFD5FFEB58CF8E79FDEF2134" box="[419,628,1566,1592]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Lower Devonian</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="D36B1CC1FFD5FFEB5B138E79FC8E2135" box="[639,789,1566,1593]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Lochkovian</collectingCounty>
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||
).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59FC8E26FCBB21E4" blockId="11.[112,801,1425,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB59FC8E26FE3B2157" bold="true" box="[144,416,1601,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Referred specimens</emphasis>
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—Scales were recovered from most levels from 513’–532’ (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD5FFEB58B48E03FD0E2173" box="[472,661,1636,1663]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.593" metricValueMax="1.6219999999999999" metricValueMin="1.564" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="159.3" valueMax="162.2" valueMin="156.4">156.4-162.2 m</quantity>
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), including UCR 944-3, -12, -17 (level 527.25’=
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD5FFEB5B7A8EE0FDE121AE" box="[534,634,1671,1698]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.607" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="160.7">160.7 m</quantity>
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), UCR 10768- 4 (level 518.3’=
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD5FFEB58478ECDFEEC21C9" box="[299,375,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="158.0">158 m</quantity>
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), and thin sections UCR 944-22, -23 (level 527.25’=
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD5FFEB58468EAAFE0921E4" box="[298,402,1741,1768]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.607" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="160.7">160.7 m</quantity>
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): Roberts Mountains Formation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD5FFEB59FC8E96FA692094" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB59FC8E96FC29243D" blockId="11.[112,801,1425,1944]" lastBlockId="11.[834,1523,193,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB59FC8E96FEB52007" bold="true" box="[144,302,1777,1803]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
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—Scales have a flat crown, longer than wide, with 6–8 strong ridges leading back from the anterior margin and tapering out before the central area of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD5FFEB58748F3DFE2E2079" box="[280,437,1882,1909]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[112,191,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-277@12.[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Poracanthodid and ischnacanthid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section. A–E,?F,?G. Gomphonchoporus hoppei: A. UCR 949-1 (level 567.3') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 24); B. UCR 944-11 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view; C, D. UCR 5439-2 (level 549') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; E. UCR 5439-3 (level 549') in basal view; F. UCR 5439-7 (level 549') in crown view; G. UCR 5439-1 (level 549') in anterocrown view. H–J. Zemlyacanthus menneri: UCR 10815-1, 2, 3 (level 556.5'), in crown views (from Supplement 1, fig. 22). M–P. Trundlelepis cervicostulata: K, L. UCR 10768-4 (level 518.3') in anterior and lateral views; M. UCR 944-17 (level 527.25') in crown view; N. UCR 944-3 (level 527.25') in crown view; O. UCR 944-23 (level 527.25'), vertical longitudinal thin section; P. UCR 944-22 (level 527.25'), horizontal thin section through crown. Q, R. Poracanthodidae gen., sp. indet. sensory line scale UCR 930-3 (level 395') in crown and posterior views. S-V. Gomphonchus sandelensis: S, T. UCR 10746-11 (level 430.5') in crown and lateral views; U,V. UCR 930-7 (level 395') in antero- and posterocrown views. W–Z. Gomphonchus mediocostatus: W. UCR 944-6 (level 527.25') in crown view; X. UCR 944-16 (level 527.25') in crown view; Y. UCR 942-1 (level 526') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 20); Z. UCR 944-19 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubules; h=hyphal borings; vc=vertical canals. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3K, M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). The median ridges are often slightly asymmetrical in cross section, being steeper on the outer face, but the area between these ridges is at the same level as the rest of the crown, without a median sulcus. Some scales have one or two round pores opening out through the outer growth zone in the posterior half of the scale. The neck is deep all round, with ‘buttressing’ posteriorly. The large, convex base usually protrudes in front of the anterior margin of the crown, sometimes to the extent that the bulk of the base is forward of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD5FFEB5ACE89BDFB9B26F9" box="[930,1024,474,501]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[112,191,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-277@12.[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Poracanthodid and ischnacanthid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section. A–E,?F,?G. Gomphonchoporus hoppei: A. UCR 949-1 (level 567.3') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 24); B. UCR 944-11 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view; C, D. UCR 5439-2 (level 549') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; E. UCR 5439-3 (level 549') in basal view; F. UCR 5439-7 (level 549') in crown view; G. UCR 5439-1 (level 549') in anterocrown view. H–J. Zemlyacanthus menneri: UCR 10815-1, 2, 3 (level 556.5'), in crown views (from Supplement 1, fig. 22). M–P. Trundlelepis cervicostulata: K, L. UCR 10768-4 (level 518.3') in anterior and lateral views; M. UCR 944-17 (level 527.25') in crown view; N. UCR 944-3 (level 527.25') in crown view; O. UCR 944-23 (level 527.25'), vertical longitudinal thin section; P. UCR 944-22 (level 527.25'), horizontal thin section through crown. Q, R. Poracanthodidae gen., sp. indet. sensory line scale UCR 930-3 (level 395') in crown and posterior views. S-V. Gomphonchus sandelensis: S, T. UCR 10746-11 (level 430.5') in crown and lateral views; U,V. UCR 930-7 (level 395') in antero- and posterocrown views. W–Z. Gomphonchus mediocostatus: W. UCR 944-6 (level 527.25') in crown view; X. UCR 944-16 (level 527.25') in crown view; Y. UCR 942-1 (level 526') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 20); Z. UCR 944-19 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubules; h=hyphal borings; vc=vertical canals. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
|
||
). As with other scales from the section, hyphal borings penetrate densely, but the tissues forming the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD5FFEB5D6E8A46FBE62537" box="[1026,1149,545,571]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[112,191,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-277@12.[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Poracanthodid and ischnacanthid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section. A–E,?F,?G. Gomphonchoporus hoppei: A. UCR 949-1 (level 567.3') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 24); B. UCR 944-11 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view; C, D. UCR 5439-2 (level 549') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; E. UCR 5439-3 (level 549') in basal view; F. UCR 5439-7 (level 549') in crown view; G. UCR 5439-1 (level 549') in anterocrown view. H–J. Zemlyacanthus menneri: UCR 10815-1, 2, 3 (level 556.5'), in crown views (from Supplement 1, fig. 22). M–P. Trundlelepis cervicostulata: K, L. UCR 10768-4 (level 518.3') in anterior and lateral views; M. UCR 944-17 (level 527.25') in crown view; N. UCR 944-3 (level 527.25') in crown view; O. UCR 944-23 (level 527.25'), vertical longitudinal thin section; P. UCR 944-22 (level 527.25'), horizontal thin section through crown. Q, R. Poracanthodidae gen., sp. indet. sensory line scale UCR 930-3 (level 395') in crown and posterior views. S-V. Gomphonchus sandelensis: S, T. UCR 10746-11 (level 430.5') in crown and lateral views; U,V. UCR 930-7 (level 395') in antero- and posterocrown views. W–Z. Gomphonchus mediocostatus: W. UCR 944-6 (level 527.25') in crown view; X. UCR 944-16 (level 527.25') in crown view; Y. UCR 942-1 (level 526') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 20); Z. UCR 944-19 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubules; h=hyphal borings; vc=vertical canals. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3O, P</figureCitation>
|
||
) are recognisable as syncitial mesodentine (
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5A9E8A24FBAF2553" box="[1010,1076,579,607]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5D548A23FA2F2553" author="Valiukevicius, J. & C. J. Burrow" box="[1080,1460,580,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="635 - 649" refId="ref26504" refString="Valiukevicius, J., and C. J. Burrow. 2005. Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with " Nostolepis " - type histological structure. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50: 635 - 649." type="journal article" year="2005">Valiukevičius and Burrow 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and orthodentine. Unlike poracanthodids with extensive pore canal systems, growth zones are discernible in the whole crown. Wide-calibre pore canals form a simple system comprising a few vertical canals from the undersurface to the upper surface of the crown, near the lateral edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD5FFEB5A278B70FC3F243D" box="[843,932,791,817]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="12.[112,191,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-277@12.[112,1520,272,1460]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 3. Poracanthodid and ischnacanthid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section. A–E,?F,?G. Gomphonchoporus hoppei: A. UCR 949-1 (level 567.3') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 24); B. UCR 944-11 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view; C, D. UCR 5439-2 (level 549') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; E. UCR 5439-3 (level 549') in basal view; F. UCR 5439-7 (level 549') in crown view; G. UCR 5439-1 (level 549') in anterocrown view. H–J. Zemlyacanthus menneri: UCR 10815-1, 2, 3 (level 556.5'), in crown views (from Supplement 1, fig. 22). M–P. Trundlelepis cervicostulata: K, L. UCR 10768-4 (level 518.3') in anterior and lateral views; M. UCR 944-17 (level 527.25') in crown view; N. UCR 944-3 (level 527.25') in crown view; O. UCR 944-23 (level 527.25'), vertical longitudinal thin section; P. UCR 944-22 (level 527.25'), horizontal thin section through crown. Q, R. Poracanthodidae gen., sp. indet. sensory line scale UCR 930-3 (level 395') in crown and posterior views. S-V. Gomphonchus sandelensis: S, T. UCR 10746-11 (level 430.5') in crown and lateral views; U,V. UCR 930-7 (level 395') in antero- and posterocrown views. W–Z. Gomphonchus mediocostatus: W. UCR 944-6 (level 527.25') in crown view; X. UCR 944-16 (level 527.25') in crown view; Y. UCR 942-1 (level 526') in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 20); Z. UCR 944-19 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubules; h=hyphal borings; vc=vertical canals. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3P</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD5FFEB5A0E8B5DFA692094" blockId="11.[834,1523,193,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5A0E8B5DFB932458" bold="true" box="[866,1032,826,852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Comparison</emphasis>
|
||
—The scales show a range of profiles and crown ornament, comparable with that in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD5FFEB5CD78B39FA692474" box="[1467,1522,862,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material from the Lochkovian of southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD5FFEB5CED8BE6FA692497" box="[1409,1522,897,923]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5A218BC2FC6B24B2" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[845,1008,932,959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref22336" refString="Burrow, C. J. 1997. Microvertebrate assemblages from the Lower Devonian (pesavis / sulcatus zones) of central New South Wales, Australia. Modern Geology 21: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1997">Burrow 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5A978BC3FBA024B2" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[1019,1083,932,958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 137" refId="ref22372" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2002. Lower Devonian acanthodian faunas and biostratigraphy of south-eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 27: 75 - 137." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 21A–21F, 23A–23D, 32A–32G). This taxon represents perhaps the last stage in the loss of a pore canal system in the scale crown for poracanthodids – a progression noted by Vergoossen (e.g., 1999a) – with only some scales having vertical, unconnected canals penetrating the outermost crown growth zones. Several other latest Silurian or earliest Devonian scales with comparable morphology from other regions could also be from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5A888CDBFAB423D4" authorityName="Burrow" authorityYear="1997" box="[996,1327,1212,1240]" genus="Trundlelepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervicostulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5A888CDBFAB423D4" box="[996,1327,1212,1240]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Trundlelepis cervicostulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including ones from the Přidolí of the Klonk Beds,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD5FFEB5D878C86FAD023F7" box="[1259,1355,1249,1275]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Czechia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5C378C86FA7723F7" author="Marss, T." box="[1371,1516,1249,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="17 - 41" refId="ref24364" refString="Marss, T. 1997. Vertebrates of the Pridoli and Silurian-Devonian boundary beds in Europe. Modern Geology 21: 17 - 41." type="journal article" year="1997">Märss 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 7.3–7.10: captioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5D358D63FAA52212" box="[1113,1342,1284,1312]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5D358D63FA98222C" box="[1113,1283,1284,1312]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Gomphonchus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5C248D63FCFD224E" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5C248D63FA69222C" box="[1352,1522,1284,1312]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Gomphonchus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD5FFEB5AC28D40FB8B224D" box="[942,1040,1319,1345]" name="Sweden" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5D4F8D4FFA97224D" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[1059,1292,1319,1346]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="93 - 158" refId="ref26844" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 2002 b. Late Silurian fish microfossils from Ramsasa (sites D and ' south of church'), Skane, south Sweden. Scripta Geologica 123: 93 - 158." type="journal article" year="2002">Vergoossen 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 45: captioned Acanthodii gen. et sp. indet.). The lack of distinctive crown features can make identification of scales from this species difficult when based only on morphology, as several latest Silurian–earliest Devonian taxa also have scales with a deep neck, convex anteriorly protruding base, and a flat crown with subparallel or radial ridges along the anterior margin. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5C4F8E7BFA902157" authority="Valiukevicius (2004 a)" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Arenaceacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatacanalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5C4F8E7BFC632157" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Arenaceacanthus arcuatacanalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5A918E26FA902157" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[1021,1291,1601,1627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="147 - 160" refId="ref26422" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 2004 a. New Wenlock - Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1): 147 - 160." type="journal article" year="2004">Valiukevičius (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5C288E58FA8F2173" authority="Valiukevicius (2004 a)" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bracteatacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assiduus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5C288E58FC762173" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Bracteatacanthus assiduus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5A948E03FA8F2173" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[1016,1300,1636,1663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="147 - 160" refId="ref26422" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 2004 a. New Wenlock - Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1): 147 - 160." type="journal article" year="2004">Valiukevičius (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Přidolí of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD5FFEB5A098EE0FC7B21AD" box="[869,992,1671,1697]" name="Lithuania" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5A828EE1FC0521C9" authority="(Valiukevicius 2003 b)" baseAuthorityName="Valiukevicius" baseAuthorityYear="2003" family="Tchunacanthidae" genus="Nostovicina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paravolborthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5A828EE1FAAD21AE" box="[1006,1334,1670,1698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Nostovicina paravolborthi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5C278EE0FC0821C8" author="Valiukevicius, J. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="131 - 204" refId="ref26396" refString="Valiukevicius, J. J. 2003 b. Devonian acanthodians from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia). Geodiversitas 25: 131 - 204." type="journal article" year="2003">Valiukevičius 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Přidolí of Timan–Pechora, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5CCE8ECEFAB621E4" authority="Valiukevicius (1994)" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1994" family="Climatiidae" genus="Nostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tcherkesovae">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5CCE8ECEFBBA21E4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Nostolepis tcherkesovae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD5FFEB5D458EA9FAB621E4" author="Valiukevicius, J. J." box="[1065,1325,1742,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="236 - 243" refId="ref26230" refString="Valiukevicius, J. J. 1994. Acanthodians and their strati- graphic significance. Pp. 131 - 197, 236 - 243 in S. Cherkesova, V. Karatajute-Talimaa and R. Matukhin (eds.), Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Lower Devonian of the Tareya Key Section (Taimyr). Nedra, Leningrad. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1994">Valiukevičius (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Lochkovian of Taimyr and Timan–Pechora have a similar morphology, but none of these taxa have morphotypes with the simple vertical canals penetrating the posterior crown growth zones exhibited in some scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD5FFEB5CC18F3EFC052094" authorityName="BURROW" authorityYear="1997" genus="Trundlelepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD5FFEB5CC18F3EFC052094" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Trundlelepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD5FFEB5D7D8F19FBD32094" box="[1041,1096,1918,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality as well as the BC II section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |