455 lines
73 KiB
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455 lines
73 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6D75DB5ABCDBDEACCFACFD98909ACE96">Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E0F5ED350185073D5376B878EDE1276">Gąsiorek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="431EB3736E96F1EF739A43A0B3689AA0">Morek, Witold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="316D94DA14F8E8F36B96AF29AF74F2AF">Stec, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DEE006C64BD0AC894C1487639AD3459B">Blagden, Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E6BD7A3B0F1E5BB68AD9B6D21E6C0C2">Michalczyk, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0A222C552A7EA07C62B8463A8E1B5490">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F68591D06E1A342E436481444EAA497D">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5E4C879DED723132C554141AFE788F57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3719563" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162647211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3719563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E4C879DED723132C554141AFE788F57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E4C879DED723132C554141AFE788F57" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="9EFF6500ED72313DC554141AFDA98D28" box="[286,621,1078,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC554141AFDA98D28" blockId="7.[286,621,1078,1104]" box="[286,621,1078,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="8D1281E7ED72313DC554141AFDA98D28" box="[286,621,1078,1104]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC521141BFDA98D28" ID-CoL="4KYD" authority="Pilato, 1998" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[363,621,1078,1104]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC521141BFE268D28" box="[363,482,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC5A3141AFDA98D28" author="Pilato" box="[489,621,1078,1104]" firstAuthor="Pilato" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref13705" refString="PILATO G. 1998. - Microhypsibiidae, new family of eutardigrades, and description of the new genus Fractonotus. Spixiana 21 (2): 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="1998">Pilato, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9EFF6500ED72313DC4CE145CFE6C8DFF" box="[132,424,1135,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC4CE145CFE6C8DFF" blockId="7.[132,424,1135,1159]" box="[132,424,1135,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F6F511A5ED72313DC4CE145CFE6C8DFF" box="[132,424,1135,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitation id="5744109AED72313DC4CE145CFE608DFF" author="PILATO G." box="[132,420,1135,1159]" page="132" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" year="1998">
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<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4CE145CFE608DFF" ID-CoL="4KYD" authority="Pilato, 1998: 132" authorityName="Pilato" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1998" box="[132,420,1135,1159]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4CE145CFF2B8DFF" box="[132,239,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC4BC1443FE608DFF" author="Pilato" box="[246,420,1135,1159]" firstAuthor="Pilato" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref13705" refString="PILATO G. 1998. - Microhypsibiidae, new family of eutardigrades, and description of the new genus Fractonotus. Spixiana 21 (2): 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="1998">Pilato, 1998: 132</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EFF6500ED72313DC4CE14B2FC578CCD" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC4CE14B2FD948F51" blockId="7.[132,775,1182,1577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
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AMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — Small isohypsibiid (rarely exceeding 200 μm,
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC4931495FEC88DA9" box="[217,268,1209,1233]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1299,1317]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,215,1256]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[132,1455,214,1256]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb., ontogenetic series (Fig. 1F: differential interference contrast [DIC], the remaining photos are phase contrast microscope [PCM]): A, juvenile habitus (lateral view); B, young adult habitus (dorsal view); C-F, old adult habitus, variability in the development of large tubercles (dorsal views); E, adult habitus with the symmetrical arrangement of plaques (Calohypsibius placophorus sensu da Cunha 1943, dorsolateral view); F, adult habitus (a specimen from Borgholm, Öland from the Thulin collection, lateral view, DIC). Scale bars: 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Cephalic elliptical organs present (
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC62A1495FD6C8DA9" box="[608,680,1209,1233]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1875,1893]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,945,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[703,1252,944,1478]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-E, Fractonotus spp., F-G, Calohypsibius spp. and H-I, Isohypsibius spp., elliptical organs and details of the buccal apparatus (PCM):Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.: A, cephalic region,empty arrowheads indicate elliptical organs;B, dorsal view,incised arrowhead indicates buccal tube thickening, and incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;C, ventral view;Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov,1986) n. comb.; D, ventral view,incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.; E, lateral view, arrowhead indicates the posterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900), lateral view, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; G, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook, and arrow points to the visible peribuccal papulae; H, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); I, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla, Michalczyk, 2012. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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). Dorsum and limbs covered with densely arranged, blunt protuberances. Six peribuccal lobes present (
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC53714C2FE0F8C7E" box="[381,459,1262,1286]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,142,854,872]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,214,810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[131,795,212,730]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.and Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900),peribuccal structures (SEM):A, Fractonotus verrucosus n.comb., with six peribuccal lobes typical for Isohypsibiidae;B, Calohypsibius ornatus with six small and roundish peribuccal papulae typical for Calohypsibiidae.Scale bars:1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718536/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). Apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles (AISM) asymmetrical with respect to the frontal plane – the dorsal apophysis subdivided into two portions: the anterior portion in the shape of a slightly convex longitudinal thickening (and the posterior portion as weakly developed blunt hook); the ventral apophysis in the shape of a mild and long ridge (
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC604155EFD5D8CF2" box="[590,665,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1040,1058]" captionTargetBox="[151,769,246,965]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[151,769,246,965]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 9. — Schematic comparison of the AISM (lateral view) in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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). Very large pharyngeal apophyses and placoids in the muscle pharynx. Stylet furcae of the
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<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC54E1584FEAB8CC7" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[260,367,1448,1471]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC54E1584FEAB8CC7" box="[260,367,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC53C1584FE608CB8" box="[374,420,1448,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
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, i.e. with broad, trapezoid base, thin arms and rounded apices (
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC5C115EEFE1A8CA2" box="[395,478,1474,1498]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1635,1653]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,215,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 8. — Buccal apparatus of Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb. (SEM): A, oral cavity armature, the arrowhead indicates the row of conical teeth; B, the buccal crown and both dorsal and ventral apophyses for insertion of stylet muscles (AISM) in lateral view;C, buccal tube, empty arrowheads indicate lateral thickenings; D, stylet furca; E, pharynx in dorsal view; F, pharynx in lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, 0.5 μm; B, 1 μm; C, E, F, 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718540/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figs 8D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC5A015EEFDD38CA2" box="[490,535,1474,1498]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[206,217,718,736]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,235,634]" captionTargetId="graphics@14.[162,1427,235,634]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Schematic comparison of stylet furcae in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">10A</figureCitation>
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). Claws of the modified
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<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4CE15F0FF378C8C" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[132,243,1500,1524]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4CE15F0FF378C8C" box="[132,243,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC4B015F1FEEC8C8D" box="[250,296,1501,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
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, with triangular bases and strongly curved claw branches (
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<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC4AD15DBFE9F8F77" box="[231,347,1527,1551]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1967,1985]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,216,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[704,1244,758,1303]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — A-B, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.;C-D, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900); E-F, Isohypsibius spp., claws (SEM):Fractonotus- type: A, claws III; B, claws IV; Calohypsibius-type; C, claws II; D, claws IV; Isohypsibius-type; E, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928),claws I; F, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012, claws II. Scale bars: A, B, 3 μm; C, D, 1 μm; E, F, 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718548/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
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). Accessory points symmetrical or occasionally asymmetrical. Smooth eggs laid in exuviae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC4CE166CFE708EE4" blockId="7.[132,776,1600,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. —
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<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC5D4166DFDCC8F20" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[414,520,1601,1624]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC5D4166DFDCC8F20" box="[414,520,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares pronounced cuticular sculpturing with some species of six other parachelan genera:
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<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4CE1659FE5C8FF6" authority="Thulin, 1928" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[132,408,1653,1678]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" genus="Calohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4CE1659FECC8FF5" box="[132,264,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Calohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC5451659FE5C8FF6" author="Thulin" box="[271,408,1653,1678]" firstAuthor="Thulin" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="207 - 266" refId="ref14396" refString="THULIN G. 1928. - Uber die phylogenie und das system der tardigraden. Hereditas 11: 207 - 266." type="journal article" year="1928">Thulin, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC597165AFF7F8FD3" authority="Binda & Pilato, 1986" authorityName="Binda & Pilato" authorityYear="1986" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC597165AFDA48FF5" box="[477,608,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
|
||
Binda & Pilato, 1986
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC48F16BFFE128FD3" authority="Ehrenberg, 1848" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1848" box="[197,470,1683,1707]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC48F16BFFEE78FD3" box="[197,291,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Hypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg, 1848
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC5AA16BFFDED8FB0" authority="Bertolani, Guidetti, Marchioro, Altiero, Rebecchi, Cesari, 2014" authorityName="Bertolani, Guidetti, Marchioro, Altiero, Rebecchi, Cesari" authorityYear="2014" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Pilatobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC5AA16BFFD858FD3" box="[480,577,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Pilatobius</emphasis>
|
||
Bertolani, Guidetti, Marchioro, Altiero, Rebecchi, Cesari, 2014
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC67F169CFF7C8F9B" authority="Pilato, 1969" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1969" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Doryphoribius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC67F169CFD048FB0" box="[565,704,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Doryphoribius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC68C169CFF7C8F9B" author="PILATO G." pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="327 - 345" refId="ref13579" refString="PILATO G. 1969 a. - Evoluzione e nuova sistemazione degli Eutardigrada. Bolletino di Zoologia 36: 327 - 345." type="journal article" year="1969">Pilato, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4A116E7FE2F8F9B" authority="Thulin, 1928" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[235,491,1739,1763]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4A116E7FE988F9B" box="[235,348,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC52916E7FE2F8F9B" author="Thulin" box="[355,491,1739,1763]" firstAuthor="Thulin" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="207 - 266" refId="ref14396" refString="THULIN G. 1928. - Uber die phylogenie und das system der tardigraden. Hereditas 11: 207 - 266." type="journal article" year="1928">Thulin, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it can be readily distinguished from these genera by the morphology of the stylet furcae (square/trapezoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC504172CFE7F8E6F" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[334,443,1792,1815]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC504172CFE7F8E6F" box="[334,443,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs narrower and more rectangular in the latter genera; compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC5E61736FDDE8E4A" box="[428,538,1818,1842]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1875,1893]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,945,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[703,1252,944,1478]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-E, Fractonotus spp., F-G, Calohypsibius spp. and H-I, Isohypsibius spp., elliptical organs and details of the buccal apparatus (PCM):Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.: A, cephalic region,empty arrowheads indicate elliptical organs;B, dorsal view,incised arrowhead indicates buccal tube thickening, and incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;C, ventral view;Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov,1986) n. comb.; D, ventral view,incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.; E, lateral view, arrowhead indicates the posterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900), lateral view, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; G, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook, and arrow points to the visible peribuccal papulae; H, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); I, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla, Michalczyk, 2012. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figs 7B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC66C1736FDFB8E4A" box="[550,575,1818,1842]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[206,217,718,736]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,235,634]" captionTargetId="graphics@14.[162,1427,235,634]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Schematic comparison of stylet furcae in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718544/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">10</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4CE1719FF308E34" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[132,244,1845,1868]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4CE1719FF308E34" box="[132,244,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC5371719FDC58E34" authorityName="Binda & Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[381,513,1845,1868]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC5371719FDC58E34" box="[381,513,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC65A1718FDAB8E34" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1848" box="[528,623,1844,1868]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC65A1718FDAB8E34" box="[528,623,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Hypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC6EF1718FCC38E34" authorityName="Bertolani, Guidetti, Marchioro, Altiero, Rebecchi, Cesari" authorityYear="2014" box="[677,775,1844,1868]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Pilatobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC6EF1718FCC38E34" box="[677,775,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Pilatobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4A61763FE998E1F" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[236,349,1871,1895]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4A61763FE998E1F" box="[236,349,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like claws (claws of the latter genera are of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4E61745FECE8EF9" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1848" box="[172,266,1897,1921]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4E61745FECE8EF9" box="[172,266,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Hypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or of the modified
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC5981745FDFC8EF9" box="[466,568,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Hypsibius-</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC6721746FDA38EFA" box="[568,615,1898,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
). Moreover, the genus differs specifically from:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC4CE17B3FC2D8D25" blockId="7.[132,776,1600,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1456,696,1461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4CE17B3FF558ECE" box="[132,145,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">–</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC4D217B2FE648ECE" authority="Thulin, 1928" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[152,416,1950,1974]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" genus="Calohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC4D217B2FEDC8ECE" box="[152,280,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Calohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC55417B2FE648ECE" author="Thulin" box="[286,416,1950,1974]" firstAuthor="Thulin" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="207 - 266" refId="ref14396" refString="THULIN G. 1928. - Uber die phylogenie und das system der tardigraden. Hereditas 11: 207 - 266." type="journal article" year="1928">Thulin, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC5E717B2FDF08ECE" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1969" box="[429,564,1950,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="83" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hypsibioidea">Hypsibioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC67717B2FD1A8ECE" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1969" box="[573,734,1950,1974]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="family">Calohypsibiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by having a different
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC57C1795FEA48EA9" box="[310,352,1977,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of cuticular sculpture (roundish or oval tubercles covering the entire dorsum and limbs with smooth dorsal pebble-shaped plaques in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC07B1294FB5A8BB7" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[1073,1182,696,719]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC07B1294FB5A8BB7" box="[1073,1182,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC0E61294FB218BA8" box="[1196,1253,696,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,215,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[609,1071,674,1136]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.; E, F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900), cuticle morphology (SEM): Fractonotus-type: A, smooth, obtuse tubercles of the smallest specimens (Calohypsibius scabrosus sensu Murray 1911, Calohypsibius verrucosus sensu da Cunha 1947); B, scabrous tubercles occurring in the caudal part of the smallest specimens and on the whole body of adults; C, D, dorsal plaques of adults (Calohypsibius placophorus sensu da Cunha 1943, Calohypsibius verrucosus sensu Thulin 1911,Marcus 1928 and Cuénot 1932), arrowheads indicate coarse portions of the plaques; Calohypsibius-type: E, irregular, multangular tubercles of the cephalic part; F, rows of tubercles of the trunk in close-up. Scale bars: A, B, F, 2 μm; C-E, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718534/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D vs multangular or star-like tubercles and occasional spines arranged less densely in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC70212C1FC0C8A7D" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[840,968,749,773]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" genus="Calohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC70212C1FC0C8A7D" box="[840,968,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Calohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC79C12C1FBF88A7D" box="[982,1084,749,773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,215,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[609,1071,674,1136]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — A-D, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.; E, F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900), cuticle morphology (SEM): Fractonotus-type: A, smooth, obtuse tubercles of the smallest specimens (Calohypsibius scabrosus sensu Murray 1911, Calohypsibius verrucosus sensu da Cunha 1947); B, scabrous tubercles occurring in the caudal part of the smallest specimens and on the whole body of adults; C, D, dorsal plaques of adults (Calohypsibius placophorus sensu da Cunha 1943, Calohypsibius verrucosus sensu Thulin 1911,Marcus 1928 and Cuénot 1932), arrowheads indicate coarse portions of the plaques; Calohypsibius-type: E, irregular, multangular tubercles of the cephalic part; F, rows of tubercles of the trunk in close-up. Scale bars: A, B, F, 2 μm; C-E, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718534/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), different structures surrounding the mouth opening (six soft and large peribuccal lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC1771324FA6C8A67" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[1341,1448,776,799]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC1771324FA6C8A67" box="[1341,1448,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC767130EFCB78A42" box="[813,883,802,826]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,142,854,872]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,214,810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[131,795,212,730]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.and Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900),peribuccal structures (SEM):A, Fractonotus verrucosus n.comb., with six peribuccal lobes typical for Isohypsibiidae;B, Calohypsibius ornatus with six small and roundish peribuccal papulae typical for Calohypsibiidae.Scale bars:1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718536/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
vs six small well defined papulae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC084130EFA8A8A42" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1230,1358,802,826]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" genus="Calohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC084130EFA8A8A42" box="[1230,1358,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Calohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC110130EFA678A42" box="[1370,1443,802,826]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,142,854,872]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,214,810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[131,795,212,730]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.and Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900),peribuccal structures (SEM):A, Fractonotus verrucosus n.comb., with six peribuccal lobes typical for Isohypsibiidae;B, Calohypsibius ornatus with six small and roundish peribuccal papulae typical for Calohypsibiidae.Scale bars:1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718536/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
), a reversed morphology of the dorsal apophysis for the insertion of stylet muscles (an anterior thickening and a tiny posterior hook in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC767135EFC5C8AF1" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[813,920,882,905]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC767135EFC5C8AF1" box="[813,920,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC7EF135DFC1F8AF1" box="[933,987,881,905]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1875,1893]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,945,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[703,1252,944,1478]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-E, Fractonotus spp., F-G, Calohypsibius spp. and H-I, Isohypsibius spp., elliptical organs and details of the buccal apparatus (PCM):Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.: A, cephalic region,empty arrowheads indicate elliptical organs;B, dorsal view,incised arrowhead indicates buccal tube thickening, and incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;C, ventral view;Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov,1986) n. comb.; D, ventral view,incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.; E, lateral view, arrowhead indicates the posterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900), lateral view, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; G, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook, and arrow points to the visible peribuccal papulae; H, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); I, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla, Michalczyk, 2012. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E-G vs an anterior large blunt hook and a slight posterior thickening in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC05513A7FB608ADB" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1055,1188,907,931]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" genus="Calohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC05513A7FB608ADB" box="[1055,1188,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Calohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC0F913A7FADB8ADC" box="[1203,1311,907,932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1040,1058]" captionTargetBox="[151,769,246,965]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[151,769,246,965]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 9. — Schematic comparison of the AISM (lateral view) in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by claw morphology (modified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC044138AFBBF8AC6" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1038,1147,934,958]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC044138AFBBF8AC6" box="[1038,1147,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC0C8138AFB698AC6" box="[1154,1197,934,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
claws with pseudolunulae, triangular bases, and elongated, strongly curved branches with conspicuous accessory points in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC07013F0FB608A8B" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[1082,1188,988,1011]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC07013F0FB608A8B" box="[1082,1188,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC0E413F7FB2B8A8B" box="[1198,1263,987,1011]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,144,1480,1498]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,215,1421]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Comparison of Fractonotus-type (A-D, F), Calohypsibius-type (E), Microhypsibius-type (G), and Isohypsibius-type (H, I) claws (all but Fig. 11F PCM): Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.: A, claws I, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; B, claws II, interrupted line designates isohypsibioid claw curvature; C, claws IV, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov, 1986) n. comb.; D, claws III, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900); E, claws IV; Fractonotus caelatus (Marcus, 1928); F, claws IV; Microhypsibius truncatus Thulin, 1928; G, claws III (DIC); Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); H, claws II; Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012; I, claws II. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718546/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D; 12A, B vs very small, rigid, with the base width equal to the sum of the primary and secondary branch widths, with the vertical septum between the two branches, and without pseudolunulae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC16E1406FA6C8D3A" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1316,1448,1066,1090]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Calohypsibiidae" genus="Calohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC16E1406FA6C8D3A" box="[1316,1448,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Calohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC7671469FC408D25" box="[813,900,1093,1117]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,144,1480,1498]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,215,1421]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Comparison of Fractonotus-type (A-D, F), Calohypsibius-type (E), Microhypsibius-type (G), and Isohypsibius-type (H, I) claws (all but Fig. 11F PCM): Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.: A, claws I, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; B, claws II, interrupted line designates isohypsibioid claw curvature; C, claws IV, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov, 1986) n. comb.; D, claws III, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900); E, claws IV; Fractonotus caelatus (Marcus, 1928); F, claws IV; Microhypsibius truncatus Thulin, 1928; G, claws III (DIC); Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); H, claws II; Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012; I, claws II. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718546/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figs 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC7C41469FC188D25" box="[910,988,1093,1117]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1967,1985]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,216,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[704,1244,758,1303]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — A-B, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.;C-D, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900); E-F, Isohypsibius spp., claws (SEM):Fractonotus- type: A, claws III; B, claws IV; Calohypsibius-type; C, claws II; D, claws IV; Isohypsibius-type; E, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928),claws I; F, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012, claws II. Scale bars: A, B, 3 μm; C, D, 1 μm; E, F, 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718548/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">12C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC767144CFB068DBF" blockId="7.[813,1456,696,1461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC767144CFCFE8D0F" box="[813,826,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">–</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC70A1473FB818D0F" authority="Pilato, 1969" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1969" box="[832,1093,1119,1143]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Doryphoribius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC70A1473FC038D0F" box="[832,967,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Doryphoribius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC7871473FB818D0F" author="PILATO G." box="[973,1093,1119,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="327 - 345" refId="ref13579" refString="PILATO G. 1969 a. - Evoluzione e nuova sistemazione degli Eutardigrada. Bolletino di Zoologia 36: 327 - 345." type="journal article" year="1969">Pilato, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC0181473FB2B8D0F" authorityName="Sands, McInnes, Marley, Goodall-Copestake, Convey, Linse" authorityYear="2008" box="[1106,1263,1119,1143]" order="Null" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Isohypsibioidea">Isohypsibioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC0B21473FA4C8D0F" box="[1272,1416,1119,1143]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Isohypsibiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="family">Isohypsibiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by the presence of elliptical organs on the head (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC10D1455FC978DD4" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1969" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Doryphoribius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC10D1455FC978DD4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Doryphoribius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the absence of the ventral lamina on the buccal tube (ventral lamina present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC0671482FB708DBE" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1969" box="[1069,1204,1198,1222]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Doryphoribius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC0671482FB708DBE" box="[1069,1204,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Doryphoribius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC76714E6FC578CCD" blockId="7.[813,1456,696,1461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC76714E6FCFE8D99" box="[813,826,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">–</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC77414E5FBE88D99" authority="Thulin, 1928" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[830,1068,1225,1249]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC77414E5FC6E8D99" box="[830,938,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC7E414E5FBE88D99" author="Thulin" box="[942,1068,1225,1249]" firstAuthor="Thulin" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="207 - 266" refId="ref14396" refString="THULIN G. 1928. - Uber die phylogenie und das system der tardigraden. Hereditas 11: 207 - 266." type="journal article" year="1928">Thulin, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC07D14E5FB158D99" authorityName="Sands, McInnes, Marley, Goodall-Copestake, Convey, Linse" authorityYear="2008" box="[1079,1233,1225,1249]" order="Null" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Isohypsibioidea">Isohypsibioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC09314E5FAA28D99" box="[1241,1382,1225,1249]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Isohypsibiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="family">Isohypsibiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by the presence of elliptical organs on the head (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC16814CFFA4B8D83" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1314,1423,1251,1275]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC16814CFFA4B8D83" box="[1314,1423,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a different shape of AISM (asymmetrical with respect to the frontal plane in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC7C81535FC298C48" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[898,1005,1305,1328]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC7C81535FC298C48" box="[898,1005,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC7B11534FB868C48" box="[1019,1090,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1875,1893]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,945,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[703,1252,944,1478]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-E, Fractonotus spp., F-G, Calohypsibius spp. and H-I, Isohypsibius spp., elliptical organs and details of the buccal apparatus (PCM):Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.: A, cephalic region,empty arrowheads indicate elliptical organs;B, dorsal view,incised arrowhead indicates buccal tube thickening, and incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;C, ventral view;Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov,1986) n. comb.; D, ventral view,incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.; E, lateral view, arrowhead indicates the posterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900), lateral view, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; G, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook, and arrow points to the visible peribuccal papulae; H, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); I, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla, Michalczyk, 2012. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
vs ridges symmetrical with respect to the frontal plane
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC79D151FFB808C33" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[983,1092,1331,1355]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC79D151FFB808C33" box="[983,1092,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC01B151FFB738C32" box="[1105,1207,1331,1355]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1875,1893]" captionTargetBox="[157,1434,945,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[703,1252,944,1478]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-E, Fractonotus spp., F-G, Calohypsibius spp. and H-I, Isohypsibius spp., elliptical organs and details of the buccal apparatus (PCM):Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.: A, cephalic region,empty arrowheads indicate elliptical organs;B, dorsal view,incised arrowhead indicates buccal tube thickening, and incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;C, ventral view;Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov,1986) n. comb.; D, ventral view,incised empty arrowhead points to the furca;Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.; E, lateral view, arrowhead indicates the posterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; F, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900), lateral view, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook; G, Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996, arrowhead indicates the anterior portion of dorsal apophysis in the shape of stumpy hook, and arrow points to the visible peribuccal papulae; H, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); I, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla, Michalczyk, 2012. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718538/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figs 7H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC089151FFAC48C33" box="[1219,1280,1331,1355]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1040,1058]" captionTargetBox="[151,769,246,965]" captionTargetId="graphics@13.[151,769,246,965]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 9. — Schematic comparison of the AISM (lateral view) in: A, Fractonotus Pilato, 1998; B, Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928; C, Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718542/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">9A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by the claw morphology (modified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC0461561FBBC8C1D" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1036,1144,1357,1381]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC0461561FBBC8C1D" box="[1036,1144,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC0341562FB6D8C1E" box="[1150,1193,1358,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
claws with triangular bases, especially well-marked on the fourth pair of legs, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC1601544FA518C07" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[1322,1429,1384,1407]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC1601544FA518C07" box="[1322,1429,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC76715AEFC5C8CE2" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[813,920,1410,1434]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC76715AEFC5C8CE2" box="[813,920,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC7D415AFFC0D8CE3" box="[926,969,1411,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
claws with stalk-like bases in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC09115AEFA828CE2" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1243,1350,1410,1434]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC09115AEFA828CE2" box="[1243,1350,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC11B15AEFCF38CCC" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[133,144,1480,1498]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,215,1421]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Comparison of Fractonotus-type (A-D, F), Calohypsibius-type (E), Microhypsibius-type (G), and Isohypsibius-type (H, I) claws (all but Fig. 11F PCM): Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb.: A, claws I, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; B, claws II, interrupted line designates isohypsibioid claw curvature; C, claws IV, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Fractonotus gilvus (Biserov, 1986) n. comb.; D, claws III, arrowhead indicates weakly developed pseudolunula; Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900); E, claws IV; Fractonotus caelatus (Marcus, 1928); F, claws IV; Microhypsibius truncatus Thulin, 1928; G, claws III (DIC); Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928); H, claws II; Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012; I, claws II. Scale bars: 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718546/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Figs 11H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED72313DC70815B1FC4C8CCD" box="[834,904,1437,1461]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1967,1985]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,216,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[704,1244,758,1303]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — A-B, Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters,1900) n. comb.;C-D, Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters,1900); E-F, Isohypsibius spp., claws (SEM):Fractonotus- type: A, claws III; B, claws IV; Calohypsibius-type; C, claws II; D, claws IV; Isohypsibius-type; E, Isohypsibius prosostomus (Thulin, 1928),claws I; F, Isohypsibius coulsoni Kaczmarek, Zawierucha, Smykla & Michalczyk, 2012, claws II. Scale bars: A, B, 3 μm; C, D, 1 μm; E, F, 4 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718548/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">12E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9EFF6500ED723132C76715F8FE788F57" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D65A368BED72313DC76715F8FBA08C95" blockId="7.[813,1456,1492,2030]" box="[813,1124,1492,1518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">COMPOSITION AND REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D65A368BED723132C76715D9FE788F57" blockId="7.[813,1456,1492,2030]" lastBlockId="8.[132,775,1238,1583]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Currently only three species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC02F15D9FAF18F77" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1125,1333,1525,1551]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="caelatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC02F15D9FAF18F77" box="[1125,1333,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus caelatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the nominal taxon),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC7E21639FBEF8F56" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[936,1067,1557,1582]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="verrucosus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC7E21639FBEF8F56" box="[936,1067,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED72313DC07B1639FB578F56" box="[1073,1171,1556,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC08D1639FADF8F56" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1223,1307,1556,1582]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="gilvus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC08D1639FADF8F56" box="[1223,1307,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. gilvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED72313DC16A1639FA418F56" box="[1312,1413,1556,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, are assigned to the genus. The three species are placed in the single genus because they share a number of taxonomically important traits: AISM shape, the presence of elliptical cephalic organs, two granular macroplacoids in the pharynx, and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC7C21699FC7C8FB7" box="[904,952,1717,1743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of cuticular sculpturing. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED72313DC76716F8FC008F96" author="Pilato" box="[813,964,1748,1774]" firstAuthor="Pilato" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref13705" refString="PILATO G. 1998. - Microhypsibiidae, new family of eutardigrades, and description of the new genus Fractonotus. Spixiana 21 (2): 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="1998">Pilato (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the claws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC09916F9FA878F96" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1235,1347,1748,1774]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="caelatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC09916F9FA878F96" box="[1235,1347,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. caelatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC76716D8FC088E76" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[813,972,1780,1806]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Microhypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC76716D8FC088E76" box="[813,972,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Microhypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC79B16D8FBC78E76" box="[977,1027,1780,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, whereas claws in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC08216D9FA8E8E76" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1224,1354,1781,1806]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="verrucosus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC08216D9FA8E8E76" box="[1224,1354,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED72313DC10516D8FA748E76" box="[1359,1456,1780,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC7171738FC708E56" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[861,948,1812,1838]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="gilvus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC7171738FC708E56" box="[861,948,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. gilvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED72313DC7F11738FBDB8E56" box="[955,1055,1812,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC0FB1738FAEB8E56" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[1201,1327,1812,1838]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC0FB1738FAEB8E56" box="[1201,1327,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED72313DC17C1738FAA28E56" box="[1334,1382,1812,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
claws. Therefore, given the differences in claw morphology, there is a possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC7AB1778FBA58E15" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[993,1121,1876,1901]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="verrucosus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC7AB1778FBA58E15" box="[993,1121,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED72313DC02C1778FB028E15" box="[1126,1222,1875,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC0B21778FA8F8E15" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1272,1355,1875,1901]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="gilvus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC0B21778FA8F8E15" box="[1272,1355,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">F. gilvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED72313DC11A1778FA748E15" box="[1360,1456,1875,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
belong to a new isohypsibioid genus, and are only delusively similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC7EB17B8FBD88ED5" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[929,1052,1940,1965]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC7EB17B8FBD88ED5" box="[929,1052,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to convergent evolution in the remaining traits. Nevertheless, the majority of traits suggest that all three species should be placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED72313DC16217F8FA678E95" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[1320,1443,2004,2029]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED72313DC16217F8FA678E95" box="[1320,1443,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="76">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2744B7AED7D3132C4D114FAFEF78D88" author="Biserov" box="[155,307,1238,1264]" firstAuthor="Biserov" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" pagination="981 - 993" refId="ref11210" refString="BISEROV V. I. 1986. - Terrestrial water bears from the North Caucasus. 2. Eutardigrada. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 65 (7): 981 - 993." type="journal article" year="1986">Biserov (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misinterpreted the AISM of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C61214FAFD628D88" authorityName="Gąsiorek & Morek & Stec & Blagden & Michalczyk" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[600,678,1238,1264]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="gilvus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C61214FAFD628D88" box="[600,678,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">F.gilvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFA257E2ED7D3132C6E114FAFCC38D88" box="[683,775,1238,1264]" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EDE2A0EED7D3132C4C614D9FF038C68" box="[140,199,1269,1296]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1135,1153]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,216,1089]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[133,1456,214,1090]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Fractonotus verrucosus (Richters, 1900) n. comb., habitus (SEM): A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900), habitus (SEM): C, lateral view; D, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 30 μm; B-D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3718530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3718530/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
therein) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C57014D9FE6A8C77" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[314,430,1269,1295]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C57014D9FE6A8C77" box="[314,430,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED7D3132C5FF14DAFE278C68" box="[437,483,1270,1296]" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
AISM, but our observations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED7D3132C487153AFF3F8C48" box="[205,251,1302,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material confirm that the species has the AISM of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C482151AFEFB8C37" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[200,319,1334,1359]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C482151AFEFB8C37" box="[200,319,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="095E8829ED7D3132C50C151AFEBD8C28" box="[326,377,1334,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, there are more
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C6C41519FCC38C37" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[654,775,1333,1359]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C6C41519FCC38C37" box="[654,775,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C4F81579FED28C17" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1848" box="[178,278,1365,1391]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C4F81579FED28C17" box="[178,278,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Hypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, that exhibit cuticular sculpturing similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C553155AFE548CF7" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[281,400,1398,1423]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C553155AFE548CF7" box="[281,400,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, they may in fact belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C4CE15BAFF3F8CD7" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[132,251,1430,1455]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C4CE15BAFF3F8CD7" box="[132,251,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C5CC15B9FE3B8CD7" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1928" box="[390,511,1429,1455]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Isohypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C5CC15B9FE3B8CD7" box="[390,511,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Isohypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C66D15B9FD488CD7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1848" box="[551,652,1429,1455]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C66D15B9FD488CD7" box="[551,652,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Hypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, we refrained from enacting more transfers, as a careful examination of individuals is needed to confirm whether these species, in addition to cuticular sculpturing, also exhibit other characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11E54D08ED7D3132C5741639FE718F56" authorityName="Pilato" authorityYear="1998" box="[318,437,1557,1582]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Microhypsibiidae" genus="Fractonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E491EA99ED7D3132C5741639FE718F56" box="[318,437,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="77">Fractonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |