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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="15D8FCAC64E54D0047548907F1DE52F3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Lechriopini Lacordaire 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15D8FCAC64E54D0047548907F1DE52F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15D8FCAC64E54D0047548907F1DE52F3" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName LSID="15D8FCAC-64E5-4D00-4754-8907F1DE52F3" authority="Lacordaire, 1865: 149" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini Lacordaire, 1865: 149</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="68" type="classificatory history and current circumscription">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Classificatory history and current circumscription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="68">
This tribe was originally characterized by
<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, JT" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" refId="B100" refString="Lacordaire, JT, 1865. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes (Vol. 7). Roret, Paris" title="Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes (Vol. 7)." year="1865">Lacordaire (1865</bibRefCitation>
: 149) for the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the rostral channel, which is closed (horseshoe-shaped) posteriorly to receive the rostrum and the linear, carinate femora that may or may not exceed the apex of the abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="68">
While a subclassification for the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
is not formally proposed here without also examining the South American genera, the following groups of genera are hypothesized to be related: the &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eulechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Eulechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus complex&quot;, including
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eulechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Eulechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Macrolechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrolechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Macrolechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Copturomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sleeper" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Santalaceae" genus="Cylindrocopturinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrocopturinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Cylindrocopturinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sleeper, 1963,
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. S. Anderson" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coturpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coturpus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Coturpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.S. Anderson, 1994, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. S. Anderson" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Turcopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turcopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Turcopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.S. Anderson, 1994 and the &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus complex&quot;, including
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" genus="Copturomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Copturomimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heller, 1895,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudolechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Pseudolechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heller, 1895, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heller, 1895. The genera
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Microzygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paramnemyne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramnemyne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Paramnemyne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Poecilogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilogaster" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Poecilogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Euzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Copturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Microzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Oleaceae" genus="Psomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Psomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not fit into either complex as currently conceived. Until the inclusion of the South American lechriopine genera a subtribal classification for the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
will not be further speculated here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Variation in key character systems.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">
Among the genera currently placed in the tribe (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" author="Lyal, CHC" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" pagination="203 - 241" refId="B105" refString="Lyal, CHC, Douglas, DA, Hine, SJ, 2006. Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 4 (2): 203 - 241, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" title="Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" volume="4" year="2006">Lyal et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
), the only characters that distinguish them (after the exclusion of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Acoptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acoptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Acoptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philinna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philinna" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Philinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Viscaceae" genus="Philides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Philides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are a concealed pygidium with rapidly ascending abdominal sclerites, the presence of modification to the mesoventrite and/or the presence of sclerolepidia (just sclerolepidia in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" genus="Copturomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Copturomimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Oleaceae" genus="Psomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Psomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The mesepipleura are usually large and somewhat ascending (except in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paramnemyne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramnemyne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Paramnemyne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Oleaceae" genus="Psomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="68">Psomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Other characters given by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" author="Lyal, CHC" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" pagination="203 - 241" refId="B105" refString="Lyal, CHC, Douglas, DA, Hine, SJ, 2006. Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 4 (2): 203 - 241, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" title="Morphology and systematic significance of sclerolepidia in the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200005001714" volume="4" year="2006">Lyal et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
: 229) that separate lechriopines from zygopines are: &quot;larger eyes, extending half-way or more down the side of the head; a longer rostrum, reaching at least the middle coxae; the middle and hind femora with the posterior distal margin extended into an acuminate projection
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="69" start="start">extending</pageBreakToken>
beyond the anterior distal margin&quot;, but these appear to be homoplastic - many lechriopines, especially some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eulechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Eulechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and related genera, have smaller eyes like many zygopines, and many zygopines have a similar femoral apex. The presence of a carina and ventral tooth on the hind femora, and the relative lengths of the first two funicular articles are potentially indicative of infratribal relationships; in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eulechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Eulechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus complex the hind femora are not carinate and unarmed ventrally and the second funicular article is at most subequal to the first, while in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus complex the hind femora are ventrally toothed and carinate and the second funicular article is longer than the first.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="69">
Modification to the meso- and metaventrite to receive the rostrum varies quite a bit in this group, with the typical forms (i.e. deviating the least from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lacordaires">Lacordaire's</normalizedToken>
original tribal construction of a closed, horseshoe-shaped channel), being found in most members of the following genera:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Poecilogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilogaster" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Poecilogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eulechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Eulechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Macrolechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrolechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Macrolechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomorpha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Copturomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. S. Anderson" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coturpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coturpus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Coturpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. S. Anderson" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Turcopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turcopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Turcopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Copturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Microzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Euzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Microzygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudolechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Pseudolechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These genera likely do not represent a monophyletic group, and the mode of closure (whether a simple depression or a strongly carinate apex of the channel) and the location of closure (on the mesoventrite or metaventrite) can vary significantly within genera.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudolechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Pseudolechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has arcuate lateral margins of the channel forming an ovoid carina that encircles a deep excavation on the mesoventrite and the anterior margin of the metaventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1018" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures1018" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">13</figureCitation>
). A few species of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. albidus" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="albidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">M. albidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906) and the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzygops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzygops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Microzygops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a similarly constructed mesoventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1018" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures1018" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">11</figureCitation>
) but the majority of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and the very similar
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" genus="Copturomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Copturomimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have the unmodified &quot;zygopine type&quot; of mesoventrite. The mesoventrites of the genera
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are interpreted as of the lechriopine type, with the sides of the channel strongly arcuate and meeting medially, forming an inverted U-shaped carina that no longer appears to serve the function of receiving the rostrum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral &quot; sheath &quot; with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143826" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">9</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paramnemyne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramnemyne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Paramnemyne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Euzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Copturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Microzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a mesoventrite that would be classified here as the piazurine type (
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, KM" journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Publications in Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" refId="B56" refString="Heller, KM, 1895. Zygopiden-Studien II, mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Copturus. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koeniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden 1894/95 (11): 1-70." title="Zygopiden-Studien II, mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Copturus. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koeniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden 1894 / 95 (11): 1 - 70." year="1895">Heller 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 5 also notes the resemblance), with the rostral channel on the mesoventrite open (in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paramnemyne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramnemyne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Paramnemyne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Euzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral &quot; sheath &quot; with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143826" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1018" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures1018" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">12</figureCitation>
) or closed (in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Copturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Microzurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral &quot; sheath &quot; with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an &quot; open &quot; channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143826" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">6</figureCitation>
) and without anteriorly extending carinae; at least the latter three genera likely belong in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
considering other characters. The mesoventrite of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Oleaceae" genus="Psomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Psomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unmodified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="69">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="69">
Two hundred and forty-two species are currently known from north of South America in nineteen genera, comprising nearly half of the genus- and the majority of the species-level diversity of North and Central American
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="18" pageNumber="69" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Conoderinae">Conoderinae</taxonomicName>
. An additional eight genera are known only from South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>