403 lines
58 KiB
XML
403 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6363E48436BB81F1D3900CFDF3432188">An integrative taxonomic review of the South Asian microhylid genus Uperodon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="32CC6F1B80E3B503B726B7D3F104107C">Phuge, Samadhan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21DEC1CA312F9DF881716052321745DA">Deuti, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="61FB2C8FD9CDFCEC5EA1AC1EA9918B8D">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D4A4166C29945EFF5AC97DFEA0F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141119099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C29945EFF5AC97DFEA0F85E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4A4166C29945EFF5AC97DFEA0F85E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C367468B6C29945FFF5AC97DFE30FAEC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF5AC97DFDCDFA8D" blockId="20.[151,717,1303,1399]" box="[151,621,1303,1330]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D08AA26C6C29945FFF5AC97DFDCDFA8D" bold="true" box="[151,621,1303,1330]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFF5AC97DFDCDFA8D" ID-CoL="7DLVG" authority="(Parker, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,621,1303,1330]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF5AC97DFDCDFA8D" bold="true" box="[151,621,1303,1330]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF5AC97DFE14FA8E" bold="true" box="[151,436,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C29945FFE0EC972FDC5FA8D" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[451,613,1304,1330]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF5AC950FE30FAEC" blockId="20.[151,717,1303,1399]" box="[151,400,1338,1363]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Painted Globular Frog</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C367468B6C29945FFF5AC934FBDEF994" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF5AC934FD6DFAC8" blockId="20.[151,717,1303,1399]" box="[151,717,1374,1399]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFF52C934FF4CFAC8" box="[159,236,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,199,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,1608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on 511 bp of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from 73 individuals representing all known members of the genus Uperodon. Three samples representing taxon under synonymy are shown inquotationmarks.Outgroup not shown for graphical purposes.BayesianPosterior Probabilities and bootstrap values of>50 are shown above and below the branches, respectively. Values towards the species labels represent mean uncorrected genetic distances between the species with range values in parentheses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183457/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFF37C935FEE0FAC8" box="[250,320,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFE86C935FECEFAC8" box="[331,366,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFEB7C935FE1EFAC8" box="[378,446,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">4M–P</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFE04C934FE4CFAC8" box="[457,492,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">5C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFE35C934FD9EFAC8" box="[504,574,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1006,1028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,980]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Uperodon taprobanicus, U. anamalaiensis and U. montanus in life. A–C. Uperodon taprobanicus (SDBDU 2014.2567, male): A. dorsolateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D–F. Uperodon anamalaiensis: D. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2013.2302, female); E. dorsal view (SDBDU 2017.3507, female); F. ventral view (SDBDU 2017.3507, female); G– L. Uperodon montanus: G. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.849, male); H. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.1197, male); I. ventral view (SDBDU 2002.1925, male); J. dorsolateralview (SDBDU 2002.1925, male); K.dorsal view (SDBDU 2015.3001, male); L. dorsal view (SDBDU 2011.905, male). (Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183467/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">6A–C</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C29945FFD87C934FD64FAC8" box="[586,708,1374,1399]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,1084,1107]" captionStartId-2="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox-2="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Samples used for the molecular study." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid-2="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF5AC9CCFBDEF994" blockId="20.[151,1437,1446,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF5AC9CCFDB7FA00" bold="true" box="[151,535,1446,1471]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Original name and description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFDEFC9CCFBB0FA00" authority="Parker, 1934" authorityName="H. W. Parker" authorityYear="1934" box="[546,1040,1446,1471]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pulchra" subSpecies="taprobanica">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFDEFC9CCFCD0FA00" box="[546,880,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kaloula pulchra taprobanica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C29945FFCB6C9CCFBB0FA00" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[891,1040,1446,1471]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFBD3C9CDFEDCFA5C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
A Monograph of the frogs of the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFF2BC9A0FEDCFA5C" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[230,380,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Microhylidae</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 86–87.
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||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFC0EC9A0FB97FA5C" bold="true" box="[963,1079,1482,1507]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Holotype.</emphasis>
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By original designation, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62), an adult female, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFCBDC984FC77F9B9" box="[880,983,1518,1543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="54.9">54.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFC2FC984FB21F9B8" bold="true" box="[994,1153,1518,1543]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
“Punduloya”, Sri Lanka.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF5ACA78FDB3F994" bold="true" box="[151,531,1554,1579]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Current status of specific name.</emphasis>
|
||
Valid name, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFD09CA78FBDAF994" authority="(Parker, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[708,1146,1554,1579]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFD09CA78FC6FF994" box="[708,975,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C29945FFC10CA78FBD1F994" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[989,1137,1554,1579]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C29945EFF0ACA5CFA36FEDB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACA5CFC06F928" blockId="20.[151,1437,1446,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF0ACA5CFEE4F9F0" bold="true" box="[199,324,1590,1615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comment.</emphasis>
|
||
Even though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C29945FFE25CA5CFD25F9F0" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[488,645,1590,1615]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a description for this nominal taxon, considering its recent taxonomic placement in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFD89CA30FD14F9CC" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[580,692,1626,1651]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFD89CA30FD14F9CC" box="[580,692,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uperodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here we provide a detailed description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C29945FFACECA30FAC5F9CC" box="[1283,1381,1626,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and comparison of the species with all its presently recognized congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACAC8FA3CF864" blockId="20.[151,1437,1446,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF0ACAC8FEC1F904" bold="true" box="[199,353,1698,1723]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFEA4CAC8FDD5F904" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[361,629,1698,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFEA4CAC8FDD5F904" box="[361,629,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other known members of the genus by presence of two well-developed neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, fused with the vomerine odontophores (vs. prominent dermal projections on the neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, separated from the vomerine odontophores in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFE08CB65FDC0F898" box="[453,608,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFE08CB65FDC0F898" box="[453,608,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U. globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFD55CB65FCB5F899" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[664,789,1807,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFD55CB65FCB5F899" box="[664,789,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; indistinct or weakly-developed neopalatinal ridges in all other species), and its dorsum being light to dark grey with prominent red or reddish-orange blotches (vs. absent). Specifically, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFE1ACB3DFDD6F8D0" box="[471,630,1878,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFE1ACB3DFDD6F8D0" box="[471,630,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U. globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFD7CCB3DFC8FF8D1" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[689,815,1879,1902]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFD7CCB3DFC8FF8D1" box="[689,815,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller snout-vent size, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFAD7CB3CFA37F8D1" box="[1306,1431,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="47.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="42.0">42–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFEE8CB10FE3DF82D" box="[293,413,1914,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="53.0">53–55 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs. larger,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFDEDCB16FD1BF82C" box="[544,699,1914,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFDEDCB16FD1BF82C" box="[544,699,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U. globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFC8CCB10FC1CF82D" box="[833,956,1914,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="53.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="51.0">51–56 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFB98CB10FB70F82D" box="[1109,1232,1914,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="66.0">66–72 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFB16CB16FAF7F82C" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1243,1367,1916,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFB16CB16FAF7F82C" box="[1243,1367,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFF18CBF4FEF3F809" box="[213,339,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="53.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="51.0">51–56 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFE38CBF4FDD5F808" box="[501,629,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="55.5" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="47.0">47–64 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and tips of fingers with discs (vs. rounded, without discs); and from other members of the genus by its larger snout-vent size, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFC09CBA8FBE3F865" box="[964,1091,1986,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="47.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="42.0">42–52 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFB26CBA8FAC8F865" box="[1259,1384,1986,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="53.0">53–55 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF5ACCFDFB7DFF6B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
smaller, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C28945EFEBDCCF2FE4CFF10" box="[368,492,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="21.0">21–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C28945EFD4ACCF2FCA5FF0F" box="[647,773,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="28.0">28–43 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C28945EFCD5CCFDFB82FF0F" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[792,1058,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFCD5CCFDFB82FF0F" box="[792,1058,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from all other known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C28945EFF5ACCD6FEA8FF6A" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,264,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF5ACCD6FEA8FF6A" box="[151,264,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Uperodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C28945EFE70CCD7FDF8FF6A" box="[445,600,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFE70CCD7FE71FF6B" box="[445,465,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">U</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFE12CCD6FDF8FF6A" box="[479,600,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having undivided prevomers (vs. divided prevomers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0ACCB5FA36FEDB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF0ACCB5FE1CFF47" bold="true" box="[199,444,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Genetic divergence.</emphasis>
|
||
For 16S mitochondrial gene sequences, the sampled populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C28945EFAE1CCB5FE88FEA2" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFAE1CCB5FE88FEA2" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed an average intraspecific distance of 0.3% (range 0–1.2%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFBE9CD6FFB97FEA3" box="[1060,1079,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). The sample from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFA80CD6EFA3CFEA2" box="[1357,1436,260,285]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Odisha</collectingRegion>
|
||
showed a divergence of up to 1.2% from the typical populations. Genetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C28945EFC34CD43FB0CFEFF" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1017,1196,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFC34CD43FB0CFEFF" box="[1017,1196,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">U. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most divergent member of the genus and shows high interspecific genetic distances with all the other known members (see Table 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C28945EFF0ACD05FEA0F85E" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0ACD05FB88FC15" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF0ACD05FE5EFE37" bold="true" box="[199,510,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Redescription of holotype</emphasis>
|
||
(measurements in mm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFCD3CD05FC22FE37" box="[798,898,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFC5CCD1AFC79FE37" box="[913,985,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4M–P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large-sized (SVL 54.9), globular and robust adult female; head small (HW 16.5, HL 12.4, IFE 8.0, IBE 14.9), less than one-fourth (22.6%) of body length, wider than long (HW/HL ratio 1.3); snout truncate in dorsal and ventral view, vertical in lateral view, its length (SL 5.2) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 4.7); loreal region obtuse with rounded canthus rostralis; interorbital space wider (IUE 5.7) than upper eyelid (UEW 3.8); nostril oval without lateral flap of skin, closer to tip of snout (NS 1.6) than to eye (EN 2.9); tympanum not visible externally, distinct supratympanic fold extending from posterior corner of upper eyelid near to insertion of forelimb at axilla; eye diameter (EL 4.7); vomerine odontophores present on the palate, without teeth; presence of two prominent neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, fused with the vomerine odontophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFC60CEE5FBA5FD17" box="[941,1029,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); tongue moderately large, rounded, shallowly emarginated. Forearms (FAL 16.8) shorter than hand length (HAL 24.5); finger length formula I<II<IV<III; tips of all fingers with truncate discs; webbing absent between fingers; subarticular tubercles rather well-developed, oval, all present; two well-developed palmar tubercles, inner one oval and smaller, and outer one bilobed. Hind limbs relatively short and strong, thigh length (TL 20.8) longer than shank (SHL 17.2) and foot (FOL 19.9); tips of all toes rounded, slightly enlarged, without discs; webbing present, small: I2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFB43CF2CFB3CFCE0" bold="true" box="[1166,1180,838,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C28945EFB51CF2DFB1CFCE0" box="[1180,1212,839,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2II</date>
|
||
2–
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFB1FCF2CFB40FCE0" bold="true" box="[1234,1248,838,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C28945EFB2DCF2DFAAAFCE0" box="[1248,1290,839,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3III</date>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFAD5CF2CFA86FCE0" bold="true" box="[1304,1318,838,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</emphasis>
|
||
3 1/
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C28945EFA89CF3FFACAFCE0" box="[1348,1386,839,867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3IV</date>
|
||
3 1/3
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFA43CF2CFA3CFCE0" bold="true" box="[1422,1436,838,863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C28945EFF5ACF04FF1BFC39" box="[151,187,878,902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2V</date>
|
||
; weakly-developed dermal fringes present on all toes; subarticular tubercles well-developed, oval, all present; two shovel-shaped metatarsal tubercles (inner,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C28945EFD68CFF8FD5BFC16" box="[677,763,914,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; outer,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C28945EFC44CFF8FC7EFC16" box="[905,990,914,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0ACFDFFBA0FBA9" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Skin of dorsum, sides of head, and dorsal parts of forelimb, thigh, tibia and tarsus, shagreened with scattered glandular projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFE50CFB3FDA3FC4D" box="[413,515,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFDD9CFB0FDFCFC4D" box="[532,604,986,1010]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4M–P</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior parts of thigh, especially cloacal region, distinctly granular. Ventral surface of throat granular, chest and belly, sparsely granular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFC56CF97FC53FBA9" box="[923,1011,1021,1046]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0AC84BFC63FAE5" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF0AC84BFEFFFB85" bold="true" box="[199,351,1057,1082]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFEA5C848FDB5FB86" box="[360,533,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">In preservation</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsum light brown with large irregular greyish-brown blotches, a dark grey stripe between eyes, flanks and lateral sides of abdomen lighter brown in colour compared to dorsum; chest, belly and ventral surfaces of thigh, tibia and foot, light greyish-brown with dark brown mottling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFB54C803FB51FB3D" box="[1177,1265,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFAC8C803FA3CFB3D" box="[1285,1436,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
(SDBDU 2014.2567): Dorsal surface of head, anterior and posterior parts of back, brown and having brick-red blotches with dark brown margins, brick-red stripe with dark brown margin between eyes, lateral surfaces of head light brick-red, and flanks light brown with grey reticulations; forelimbs, dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank and foot, light brown with dark blackish-brown spots and brick red patches; fingers and toes light brown with grey spots; anterior part of thigh and groin brown with light grey reticulations; throat, chest and belly, light reddish-brown with uniform light grey reticulations except on fingers and toes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFCFDC92BFC17FAE5" box="[816,951,1345,1370]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1006,1028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,980]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,984]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Uperodon taprobanicus, U. anamalaiensis and U. montanus in life. A–C. Uperodon taprobanicus (SDBDU 2014.2567, male): A. dorsolateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D–F. Uperodon anamalaiensis: D. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2013.2302, female); E. dorsal view (SDBDU 2017.3507, female); F. ventral view (SDBDU 2017.3507, female); G– L. Uperodon montanus: G. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.849, male); H. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.1197, male); I. ventral view (SDBDU 2002.1925, male); J. dorsolateralview (SDBDU 2002.1925, male); K.dorsal view (SDBDU 2015.3001, male); L. dorsal view (SDBDU 2011.905, male). (Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183467/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0AC90FFE3CF9B1" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF0AC90FFEEAFAC1" bold="true" box="[199,330,1381,1406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements for five specimens, including the holotype, are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C28945EFAF2C90FFA38FAC1" box="[1343,1432,1381,1406]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
. SDBDU 2005.3107: dorsal skin sparsely granular; throat prominently granular, chest and belly sparsely granular; anterior parts of thigh prominently granular. SDBDU 2005.4732A: dorsal skin coarsely granular; ventral surface prominently granular, especially throat region; anterior parts of thigh, shank and groin, light greyish-brown with creamy white mottling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0ACA73FB8AF9E9" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF0ACA73FD88F98D" bold="true" box="[199,552,1561,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (SDBDU 2005.4732A): vocal sac externally visible on the lower jaw; female (Holotype): ova white, pigmented on pole (diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C28945EFCF4CA54FC62F9EA" box="[825,962,1598,1622]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFC00CA55FC40F9E9" box="[973,992,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C28945EFF0ACA0BFEA0F85E" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFF0ACA0BFD35F9C5" bold="true" box="[199,661,1633,1658]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Geographical distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C28945EFD51CA0BFC07F9C5" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[668,935,1633,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C28945EFD51CA0BFC07F9C5" box="[668,935,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFB7ACA0BFB51F9C5" box="[1207,1265,1633,1658]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFAEACA0BFA38F9C5" box="[1319,1432,1633,1658]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFAEACA0BFAE8F9C5" box="[1319,1352,1633,1658]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and also reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFE6ACAEFFD8AF921" box="[423,554,1669,1694]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFDABCAEFFD09F921" box="[614,681,1669,1694]" name="Nepal" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C28945EFD76CAEFFCB5F921" box="[699,789,1669,1694]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFC83CAEFFC2AF921" box="[846,906,1669,1694]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been reported from the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFA96CAEFFF77F97D" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFF23CAC3FE9BF97D" box="[238,315,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFE99CAC3FE6AF97D" box="[340,458,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFE2FCAC3FDD1F97D" box="[482,625,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFD44CAC3FD40F97D" box="[649,736,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFD35CAC3FC1CF97D" box="[760,956,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Telangana,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFBAFCAC3FB14F97D" box="[1122,1204,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Odisha</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFB00CAC3FA38F97D" box="[1229,1432,1705,1730]" country="India" name="Madhya Pradesh" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Madhya Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFF5ACAA7FE89F959" box="[151,297,1741,1766]" country="India" name="Chhattisgarh" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chhattisgarh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFEFACAA4FE6BF959" box="[311,459,1741,1766]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFE17CAA7FDB8F959" box="[474,536,1741,1766]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bihar</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFD98CAA4FD05F959" box="[597,677,1742,1766]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFD19CAA7FCE8F959" box="[724,840,1741,1766]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFD19CAA7FD55F959" box="[724,757,1741,1766]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFBE8CAA7FBDAF959" box="[1061,1146,1741,1766]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFB44CAA4FB40F95A" box="[1161,1248,1742,1765]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Eastern" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFB23CAA7FA38F95A" box="[1262,1432,1741,1766]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
North
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFAF7CAA4FA38F95A" box="[1338,1432,1742,1765]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFF5ACA98FF55F8B6" box="[151,245,1778,1801]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFEC9CA9BFE12F8B5" box="[260,434,1777,1802]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Sabaragamuwa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sabaragamuwa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFE0DCA9BFD85F8B5" box="[448,549,1777,1802]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Southern</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFDAECA98FD31F8B6" box="[611,657,1778,1801]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Uva" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Uva</collectingRegion>
|
||
Provinces. For detailed list of localities and references thereto see Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C28945EFE85CB7FFE0DF891" box="[328,429,1813,1838]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
. In the present study, we collected and genetically confirmed the presence of this species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFF75CB53FEE2F8ED" box="[184,322,1849,1874]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Mamallapuram),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFDD0CB53FDC8F8ED" box="[541,616,1849,1874]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Mannuthy, Kalpetta and Sulthanbathery),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFBA9CB53FB77F8ED" box="[1124,1239,1849,1874]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Bangalore) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFF5ACB37FF46F8C9" box="[151,230,1885,1910]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Odisha</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFEC6CB37FEE7F8C9" box="[267,327,1885,1910]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFE4ECB37FE75F8C9" box="[387,469,1885,1910]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Dambulla) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFD5BCB37FC9AF8CA" box="[662,826,1885,1910]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
North
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFD12CB34FC9AF8CA" box="[735,826,1886,1909]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Karawaddana) regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C28945EFBA2CB37FB41F8C9" box="[1135,1249,1885,1910]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C28945EFBA2CB37FB30F8C9" box="[1135,1168,1885,1910]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was observed in roadside puddles, wall crevices, cultivated fields and tree holes in both primary and secondary forests, from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C28945EFED4CBCFFEC2F802" box="[281,354,1957,1982]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
|
||
asl. See ‘Natural history and breeding’ observations in the respective section, after the species accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |