684 lines
96 KiB
XML
684 lines
96 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BE99256F426CE0327FFDE1B7437A1C43">An integrative taxonomic review of the South Asian microhylid genus Uperodon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3478E8B348066D15E55A1F867D1B134E">Wijayathilaka, Nayana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79964361D045475634531E972911F16C">Deuti, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F005E967C435E8530367452B3C17C3C">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A2872BF687EB505A654473F3FB06023">Meegaskumbura, Madhava</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86C74A3170F9C4ADDFB7442DE21CFBB6">Biju, Sd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3ECBABDA1E1974C748D29F40D6A9868A">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587711" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141119102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C219457FF5ACAFAFD93F914" blockId="28.[151,804,1680,1776]" box="[151,563,1680,1707]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D08AA26C6C219457FF5ACAFAFD93F914" bold="true" box="[151,563,1680,1707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C219457FF5ACAFAFD93F914" ID-CoL="4RBK8" authority="(Rao, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[151,563,1680,1707]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FF5ACAFAFD93F914" bold="true" box="[151,563,1680,1707]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FF5ACAFAFE3DF915" bold="true" box="[151,413,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C219457FE60CAFBFD8BF914" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[429,555,1681,1707]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C219457FF5ACAD9FE35F973" blockId="28.[151,804,1680,1776]" box="[151,405,1715,1740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mottled Globular Frog</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C219457FF5ACABDFC84F94F" blockId="28.[151,804,1680,1776]" box="[151,804,1751,1776]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FF52CABDFF4CF94F" box="[159,236,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,199,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,1608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on 511 bp of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from 73 individuals representing all known members of the genus Uperodon. Three samples representing taxon under synonymy are shown inquotationmarks.Outgroup not shown for graphical purposes.BayesianPosterior Probabilities and bootstrap values of>50 are shown above and below the branches, respectively. Values towards the species labels represent mean uncorrected genetic distances between the species with range values in parentheses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183457/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FF37CAB2FEEDF94F" box="[250,333,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">2A, 2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FE94CAB2FED7F94F" box="[345,375,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">3F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FE4ECABDFE01F94F" box="[387,417,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FE61CAB2FE53F94F" box="[428,499,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,813,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,805,1443]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE7. Head, hand, foot and foot webbing in Uperodon anamalaiensis, U. montanus, U. mormorata and U. nagaoi. A–E. Uperodon anamalaiensis: A–D. Neotype of Uperodon anamalaiensis (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/956, male):A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimen of U. anamalaiensis (SDBDU 2013.928, female); F–L. Uperodon montanus: F–H. Topotype of Uperodon montanus (SDBDU 2011.849, male): F. lateral view of head; G. ventral view of hand; H. ventral view of foot; I. schematic illustration of foot webbing; J–L. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon montanus: J. SDBDU 2015.3001, male; K. SDBDU 2003.40115, female; L. SDBDU 2005.30, female; M–S. Uperodon mormorata: M–P. Neotype of Uperodon mormorata (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, female): M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing; Q–S. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon mormorata: Q. SDBDU 2002.567, female; R. SDBDU2012.43, male; S. SDBDU 2015.3082, male.T–W. Holotype of Uperodon nagaoi (WHT 2826, male):T. lateral view ofhead;U. ventral view of hand;V. ventral view of foot; W. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Illustrations:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183469/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">7M–S</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FE33CAB2FDE3F94F" box="[510,579,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,953,975]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,932]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Uperodon anamalaiensis, U. mormorata and U. triangularis. A–D. Uperodon anamalaiensis: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D.spectrogram of the call shown in Figure8B; E–H. Uperodon mormorata:E.ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8G; I–L. Uperodon triangularis: I. ten second call segment; J. one second call segment; K. 0.1 second segment showing a single nonpulsatile call; L. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8J." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183471/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">8E–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C219457FD83CAB2FD36F94F" box="[590,662,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,885,1701]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE9. Uperodon mormorata, U. nagaoi and U.obscurus inlife.A–C. Uperodonmormorata (SDBDU 2016.3404,male): A. Dorsolateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. Uperodon mormorata (SDBDU 2011.835, male), dorsolateral view; E–G. Uperodon nagaoi (DZ 1367, male): E. Dorsolateral view; F. dorsal view; G. frontal view; H–K. Uperodon obscurus: H. Dorsolateral view (DZ 1366, male); I. Dorsal view (DZ 1366, male); J. dorsolateral view (DZ 1408, male); K. dorsolateral view (DZ 1369, male); L. ventral view (DZ 1369, male). (Images: SD Biju and E–G Madhava Meegaskumbura)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183473/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">9A–D</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C219457FD6CCABDFCBCF94F" box="[673,796,1751,1776]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,1084,1107]" captionStartId-2="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox-2="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Samples used for the molecular study." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid-2="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C219457FF5ACB75FC39F877" blockId="28.[151,1436,1823,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<materialsCitation id="3B151F5D6C219457FF5ACB75FBB2F8E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1821690907" collectorName="Sciences. Section B" country="India" location="Indian Academy of Sciences. Section" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FF5ACB75FDB7F887" bold="true" box="[151,535,1823,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Original name and description.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C219457FDECCB75FC07F887" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" box="[545,935,1823,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ramanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FDECCB75FC83F888" box="[545,803,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ramanella mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C219457FCE0CB4AFC07F887" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[813,935,1824,1848]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On some new forms of Batrachia from S.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C219457FF5ACB29FF74F8E3" box="[151,212,1859,1884]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FF2DCB29FCDDF8E4" box="[224,893,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Proceedings of the
|
||
<location id="8EA243DB6C219457FE72CB29FCC3F8E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC:8EA243DB6C219457FE72CB29FCC3F8E4" box="[447,867,1859,1884]" country="India" name="Indian Academy of Sciences. Section" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Indian Academy of
|
||
<collectorName id="268870D66C219457FD6DCB2EFCC3F8E4" box="[672,867,1860,1883]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sciences. Section</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
B
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 6: 387–427
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B151F5D6C219457FBD3CB29FC39F877" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1821690906" collectingDate="2003-06-26" collectionCode="WGRC" collectorName="SD Biju" country="India" county="Valid" location="Saklespur" municipality="Mysore" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="SVL 32.4" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FBD3CB29FB27F8E3" bold="true" box="[1054,1159,1859,1884]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C219457FBD3CB29FB22F8E3" box="[1054,1154,1859,1884]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
By present designation, ZSI/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6C8DC56C219457FF04CB0DFEBFF83F" box="[201,287,1895,1920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">WGRC</collectionCode>
|
||
/V/A/958, an adult female,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDBBD7B6C219457FD94CB02FD68F83F" box="[601,712,1896,1920]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C219457FD5ACB02FD68F83F" box="[663,712,1896,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="32.4">32.4</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
mm, from Sakleshpur,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C219457FC17CB0DFBEDF83F" box="[986,1101,1895,1920]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C219457FB57CB0DFB76F83F" box="[1178,1238,1895,1920]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="268870D66C219457FAB5CB02FF67F81B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">SD Biju</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C219457FF3ECBE1FE2DF81B" box="[243,397,1931,1956]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2003-06-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF87CA286C219457FF3ECBE1FE2DF81B" box="[243,397,1931,1956]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2003-06-26">26 June 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FE54CBE1FD98F81B" bold="true" box="[409,568,1931,1956]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C219457FE54CBE1FE74F81B" box="[409,468,1931,1956]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<location id="8EA243DB6C219457FD84CBE1FD1AF81B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC:8EA243DB6C219457FD84CBE1FD1AF81B" box="[585,698,1931,1956]" country="India" county="Valid" municipality="Mysore" name="Saklespur" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Karnataka">Saklespur</location>
|
||
(=
|
||
<location id="8EA243DB6C219457FD2ECBE1FCC4F81B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC:8EA243DB6C219457FD2ECBE1FCC4F81B" box="[739,868,1931,1956]" country="India" county="Valid" municipality="Mysore" name="Sakleshpur" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Karnataka">Sakleshpur</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EA243DB6C219457FCB5CBE6FB88F81B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C219454FF5ACAFAFF7AFBAC:8EA243DB6C219457FCB5CBE6FB88F81B" box="[888,1064,1931,1956]" country="India" county="Valid" municipality="Mysore" name="Hassan District" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Karnataka">Hassan District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA68F7A6C219457FBFECBE6FB2DF81B" box="[1075,1165,1932,1956]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mysore</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
”,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C219457FB69CBE1FB41F81B" box="[1188,1249,1931,1956]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FB21CBE1FEFDF877" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Current status of specific name.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A36D8C6C219457FEA9CBC5FE3FF877" box="[356,415,1967,1992]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Valid</collectingCounty>
|
||
name, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C219457FDC2CBC5FC34F877" authority="(Rao, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[527,916,1967,1992]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FDC2CBC5FCA5F878" box="[527,773,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C219457FCD9CBDAFC2CF877" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[788,908,1968,1992]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C219456FF0ACBB9FE8AFCAA" blockId="28.[151,1436,1823,2028]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FF0ACBB9FC8FF853" bold="true" box="[199,815,2002,2028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Neotypification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C219457FE69CBB8FC8AF853" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" box="[420,810,2002,2028]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ramanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C219457FE69CBB8FD0AF854" bold="true" box="[420,682,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ramanella mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C219457FD7CCBB9FC8AF853" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[689,810,2003,2028]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species was described from “Saklespur” based on a single specimen “total length 25.00 mm”, which was deposited in the Central College, Bangalore. The original name bearing type (or types) of this species are considered lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FCBDCCD6FBA7FF6B" author="Dubois, A." box="[880,1031,188,213]" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="143 - 159" part="3" refId="ref36782" refString="Dubois, A. (1984) Note preliminaire sur le groupe de Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 (Amphibiens, Anoures). Alytes, 3 (4), 143 - 159." title="Note preliminaire sur le groupe de Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 (Amphibiens, Anoures)" type="journal article" year="1984">Dubois 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FBDFCCD7FAAFFF6B" author="Das, I & Whitaker, R." box="[1042,1295,188,213]" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="127 - 132" part="15" refId="ref36519" refString="Das, I. & Whitaker, R. (1997) A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae). Alytes, 15 (3), 127 - 132." title="A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Das & Whitaker 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FAD1CCD6FA30FF6B" author="Biju, S. D." box="[1308,1424,188,213]" journalOrPublisher="ISBC - Occasional Publication" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 24" part="1" refId="ref35658" refString="Biju, S. D. (2001) A synopsis to the frog fauna of the Western Ghats, India. ISBC - Occasional Publication, 1, 1 - 24." title="A synopsis to the frog fauna of the Western Ghats, India" type="journal article" year="2001">Biju 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and this nominal taxon was also presumed to be “lost” until its rediscovery from “Canacona (15°01’N 74°04’E), adjacent to Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary (Goa, south-Western India)” based on an available museum specimen from “Malabar” at MCZ, USA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FE1ECD42FD7DFEFF" author="Das, I & Whitaker, R." box="[467,733,295,320]" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="127 - 132" part="15" refId="ref36519" refString="Das, I. & Whitaker, R. (1997) A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae). Alytes, 15 (3), 127 - 132." title="A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Das & Whitaker 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As per the original description, Rao had several available specimens including “young”, “immature”, “mature males” and “mature females”, however, the description was based on a single specimen for which absolute measurements were included.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FBC1CD1AFABBFE37" author="Das, I & Whitaker, R." box="[1036,1307,367,392]" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="127 - 132" part="15" refId="ref36519" refString="Das, I. & Whitaker, R. (1997) A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae). Alytes, 15 (3), 127 - 132." title="A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Das & Whitaker (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed description of this species based on examined specimens, however, without designating a neotype. Our new collection from the type locality Sakleshpur is comparable with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FAEECDDDFE3DFE4B" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ramanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FAEECDDDFEB5FE4B" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ramanella mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FEECCDB7FE3DFE4B" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[289,413,476,500]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in overall general morphology, body size and dorsal and ventral markings. Since the original name-bearing type of this species is lost, we consider designation of a neotype necessary to define this nominal taxon objectively for clarification of its taxonomic status and to establish nomenclatural stability. Hence, in accordance with Article 75 of The Code, and based on diagnostic characters found useful for differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FF5ACE06FDBCFD3B" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,540,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ramanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF5ACE06FE3AFD3B" box="[151,410,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ramanella mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FE69CE07FDBCFD3B" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[420,540,620,644]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FD81CE06FCE6FD3B" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[588,838,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD81CE06FCE6FD3B" box="[588,838,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from its congeners (as stated in the ‘comparison’ section below), we herein formally designate ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958 (an adult female, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FB71CEFAFA85FD17" box="[1212,1317,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="32.4">32.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) from the original type locality Sakleshpur as the neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FD22CEDEFBD7FD73" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" box="[751,1143,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ramanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD22CEDEFC52FD73" box="[751,1010,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ramanella mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C209456FC31CEDFFBD7FD73" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[1020,1143,692,716]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The neotype description provided subsequently also shows that the neotype is largely consistent with what is known of the former namebearing type.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C209456FF0ACF75FE48FAC7" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF0ACF75FEC1FC87" bold="true" box="[199,353,799,824]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
For comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FD88CF75FC9CFC87" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[581,828,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD88CF75FC9CFC87" box="[581,828,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FCB2CF4BFBBCFC87" box="[895,1052,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FCB2CF4BFBBCFC87" box="[895,1052,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FBE1CF4BFB0AFC87" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1068,1194,801,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FBE1CF4BFB0AFC87" box="[1068,1194,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FB77CF4BFAD1FC87" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1210,1393,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FB77CF4BFAD1FC87" box="[1210,1393,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FA4CCF4BFE99FCE2" authorityName="M Parambikulam" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anamalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA4CCF4BFE99FCE2" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. anamalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FEBFCF2FFDA3FCE3" box="[370,515,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FEBFCF2FFDA3FCE3" box="[370,515,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. montanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see ‘comparison’ section of those species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FC3CCF2EFB48FCE3" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1009,1256,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC3CCF2EFB48FCE3" box="[1009,1256,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FA4CCF2FFF45FC3F" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA4CCF2FFF45FC3F" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FF39CF03FEC2FC3F" authority="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju, 2018" authorityName="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju" authorityYear="2018" box="[244,354,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rohani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF39CF03FEC2FC3F" box="[244,354,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. rohani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FEA6CF0DFE66FC3F" bold="true" box="[363,454,871,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A74696C209456FEA6CF0DFE66FC3F" box="[363,454,871,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FE32CF03FD39FC3F" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[511,665,873,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE32CF03FD39FC3F" box="[511,665,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its densely mottled ventral surface (vs. inconspicuous spots and speckles present or absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FE2CCFE7FDF1FC1B" box="[481,593,909,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE2CCFE7FDF1FC1B" box="[481,593,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and complete absence of spots, blotches or mottling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FB03CFE7FA9BFC1A" authority="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju, 2018" authorityName="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju" authorityYear="2018" box="[1230,1339,908,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rohani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FB03CFE7FA9BFC1A" box="[1230,1339,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. rohani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA8FCFE6FA3CFC1A" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,908,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A74696C209456FA8FCFE6FA3CFC1A" box="[1346,1436,908,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FF0BCFDBFEFFFC77" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[198,351,945,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF0BCFDBFEFFFC77" box="[198,351,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and relatively larger snout-vent size, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FC45CFDAFBA3FC78" box="[904,1027,944,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="31.0">31–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FBC2CFDBFB82FC77" box="[1039,1058,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FB21CFDAFAC7FC78" box="[1260,1383,944,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="32.0">32–43 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FABFCFDBFA25FC77" box="[1394,1413,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3 (vs. relatively smaller,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FE67CFBFFDBAFC53" box="[426,538,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE67CFBFFDBAFC53" box="[426,538,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FD6DCFBEFCBBFC53" box="[672,795,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">25–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FCEBCFBFFC98FC53" box="[806,824,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FCBFCFBFFC7EFC52" authority="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju, 2018" authorityName="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju" authorityYear="2018" box="[882,990,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rohani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FCBFCFBFFC7EFC52" box="[882,990,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. rohani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC29CFBEFB9DFC52" bold="true" box="[996,1085,980,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A74696C209456FC29CFBEFB9DFC52" box="[996,1085,980,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FB09CFBEFA9EFC53" box="[1220,1342,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="26.0">26–34 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA84CFBFFAFCFC53" box="[1353,1372,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 16, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FEEBCF9DFE01FBB0" box="[294,417,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="28.0">28–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE60CF93FE60FBAF" box="[429,448,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FE36CF93FD33FBAF" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[507,659,1017,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE36CF93FD33FBAF" box="[507,659,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FCD1CF9DFC37FBB0" box="[796,919,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="25.0">25–33 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC6ECF93FC16FBAF" box="[931,950,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 12, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FB40CF9DFAA8FBB0" box="[1165,1288,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="29.0">29–36 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FAD9CF93FA87FBAF" box="[1300,1319,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 7). This species could be confused with
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE30C877FC50FB8A" box="[509,1008,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FE30C877FD64FB8A" authorityName="M Parambikulam" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[509,708,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anamalaiensis">U. anamalaiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FD1DC877FCFBFB8A" box="[720,859,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">U. obscurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FCABC877FC50FB8A" box="[870,1008,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">U. palmatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FBEAC877FB70FB8A" box="[1063,1232,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FBEAC877FB70FB8A" box="[1063,1232,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its mottled ventral skin. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FE6EC82BFDE6FBE7" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[419,582,1089,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE6EC82BFDE6FBE7" box="[419,582,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all these species by its relatively larger snout-vent size, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FF19C80EFEF1FBC3" box="[212,337,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="31.0">31–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE93C80FFED1FBC3" box="[350,369,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FD8CC80EFD1DFBC3" box="[577,701,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="32.0">32–43 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD07C80FFD7DFBC3" box="[714,733,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3 (vs. smaller,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FC6BC80FFB8FFBC2" box="[934,1071,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC6BC80FFB8FFBC2" box="[934,1071,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FB71C80EFA98FBC3" box="[1212,1336,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="22.0">22–31 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA88C80FFAF8FBC3" box="[1349,1368,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 17, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FEE1C8E2FE09FB20" box="[300,425,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="30.0">30–38 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE7AC8E3FE6AFB1F" box="[439,458,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FDC0C8E3FD38FB1F" box="[525,664,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FDC0C8E3FD38FB1F" box="[525,664,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FCE4C8E2FC07FB20" box="[809,935,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="27.0">27–31 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC78C8E3FC68FB1F" box="[949,968,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FB52C8EDFABDFB20" box="[1183,1309,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="34.0">34–36 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FAE6C8E3FA9EFB1F" box="[1323,1342,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FA4CC8E3FEBDFB7A" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA4CC8E3FEBDFB7A" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FE67C8C6FD87FB7B" box="[426,551,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="25.0">25–37 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FDF9C8C7FDE7FB7B" box="[564,583,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C209456FCEBC8C6FC03FB7B" box="[806,931,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="33.0">33–42 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC7DC8C7FC63FB7B" box="[944,963,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4), its ventral surface (including throat and limbs) being densely marbled (vs. scattered spots or blotches, largely on chest and belly), and shank relatively shorter than thigh, male: SHL/TL ratio 0.8–1.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD77C89FFD6DFAB3" box="[698,717,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9, female: SHL/TL ratio 0.8–0.9,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FBA1C89FFBDFFAB3" box="[1132,1151,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3 (vs. nearly equal,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FA4CC89FFF5CFA8F" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA4CC89FFF5CFA8F" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male: SHL/TL ratio 0.9–1.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD99C973FDC7FA8F" box="[596,615,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 17, female: SHL/TL ratio 0.9–1.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FBDDC973FB83FA8F" box="[1040,1059,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FB93C973FB48FA8F" box="[1118,1256,1303,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FB93C973FB48FA8F" box="[1118,1256,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male: SHL/TL ratio 1.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FECBC957FEB9FAEB" box="[262,281,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, female: SHL/TL ratio 1.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD41C957FD3FFAEB" box="[652,671,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FD13C957FC29FAEA" box="[734,905,1340,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FD13C957FC29FAEA" box="[734,905,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male: SHL/TL ratio 0.9–1.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FB25C957FB5BFAEB" box="[1256,1275,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20, female: SHL/TL ratio 0.9–1.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FE54C90BFE0CFAC7" box="[409,428,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C209456FF0AC9EEFB4EF993" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF0AC9EEFE11FA22" bold="true" box="[199,433,1412,1437]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Genetic divergence.</emphasis>
|
||
For 16S mitochondrial gene sequences, the sampled populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FB6AC9EEFA3CFA23" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1191,1436,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FB6AC9EEFA3CFA23" box="[1191,1436,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed an average intraspecific distance of 0.6% (range 0–1.2%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC50C9C3FC10FA7F" box="[925,944,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 11). Populations from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C209456FB10C9CDFAC9FA7F" box="[1245,1385,1447,1472]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C209456FF5AC9A6FEAAFA5A" box="[151,266,1484,1509]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
were observed to be divergent by up to 1.2%. Genetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FC17C9A7FB20FA5B" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[986,1152,1485,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FC17C9A7FB20FA5B" box="[986,1152,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C209456FA4CC9A7FEBDF9B7" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FA4CC9A7FEBDF9B7" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">U. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it was found to differ by an average uncorrected genetic distance of 2.9% (range 2.4– 3.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF12CA7FFF52F993" box="[223,242,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 99). For interspecific genetic distances with all other members of the genus, see Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C209455FF0ACA5DFA2EFEF6" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,151,833]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C209456FF0ACA5DFE78F9EF" bold="true" box="[199,472,1591,1616]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C209456FEB6CA5DFE78F9EF" box="[379,472,1591,1616]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(measurements in mm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C209456FD34CA5DFCF8F9EF" box="[761,856,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C209456FCABCA52FC10F9EF" box="[870,944,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,813,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,805,1443]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE7. Head, hand, foot and foot webbing in Uperodon anamalaiensis, U. montanus, U. mormorata and U. nagaoi. A–E. Uperodon anamalaiensis: A–D. Neotype of Uperodon anamalaiensis (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/956, male):A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimen of U. anamalaiensis (SDBDU 2013.928, female); F–L. Uperodon montanus: F–H. Topotype of Uperodon montanus (SDBDU 2011.849, male): F. lateral view of head; G. ventral view of hand; H. ventral view of foot; I. schematic illustration of foot webbing; J–L. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon montanus: J. SDBDU 2015.3001, male; K. SDBDU 2003.40115, female; L. SDBDU 2005.30, female; M–S. Uperodon mormorata: M–P. Neotype of Uperodon mormorata (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, female): M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing; Q–S. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon mormorata: Q. SDBDU 2002.567, female; R. SDBDU2012.43, male; S. SDBDU 2015.3082, male.T–W. Holotype of Uperodon nagaoi (WHT 2826, male):T. lateral view ofhead;U. ventral view of hand;V. ventral view of foot; W. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Illustrations:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183469/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">7M–P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small-sized (SVL 32.4), relatively robust adult female; head small (HW 9.6, HL 8.8, IFE 4.4, IBE 8.6), less than one-third (27.2%) of body length, wider than long (HW/HL ratio 1.1); snout truncate in dorsal and ventral view, vertical in lateral view, its length (SL 3.1) shorter than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 2.6); loreal region acute with rounded canthus rostralis; interorbital space nearly twice as wide (IUE 3.0) as upper eyelid width (UEW 1.6); nostril closer to tip of snout (NS 0.6) than to eye (EN 1.5); supratympanic fold distinct, extending from posterior corner of upper eyelid to insertion of forelimb at axilla; eye diameter (EL 2.6); vomerine odontophores present on the palate, prominent, without teeth; weakly-developed neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, appear fused with the vomerine odontophores; tongue moderately large, emarginate. Forelimbs moderately long and thin; forearm (FAL 6.5) shorter than hand length (HAL 9.1); finger length formula I<II<IV<III; tips of all fingers with truncate discs, without grooves, moderately wide compared to finger width (FD I 1.5, FW I 0.3; FD II 1.5, FW II 0.4; FD III 1.8, FW III 0.5; FD IV 1.5, FW IV 0.4); subarticular tubercles prominent, oval, all present; two well-developed palmar tubercles (inner, oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C239455FEE9CCFDFEDAFF10" box="[292,378,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; outer, bilobed,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C239455FDA5CCF2FD1EFF10" box="[616,702,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). Hind limbs relatively long and thin, thigh length (TL 13.5) longer than shank (SHL 11.1) and foot (FOL 12.9); tips of all toes with small truncate to rounded discs, discs rather wide compared to toe width (TD I 0.7, TW I 0.4; TD II 0.8, TW II 0.6; TD III 1.0, TW III 0.7; TD IV 1.0, TW IV 0.6; TD V 0.8, TW V 0.5); foot webbing present:
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C239455FDE5CD60FD9FFE9D" box="[552,575,266,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I2</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD8ACD63FDF5FE9D" bold="true" box="[583,597,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C239455FD98CD60FDD6FE9D" box="[597,630,266,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2II</date>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD49CD63FD32FE9D" bold="true" box="[644,658,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C239455FD5FCD60FD1CFE9D" box="[658,700,266,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3III</date>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD07CD63FD78FE9D" bold="true" box="[714,728,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C239455FD1ACD60FCA4FE9D" box="[727,772,266,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">3IV</date>
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FCDCCD63FCBFFE9D" bold="true" box="[785,799,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C239455FCD2CD60FCE3FE9D" box="[799,835,266,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2V</date>
|
||
; well-developed dermal fringe present on all toes; subarticular tubercles prominent, oval; two smooth metatarsal tubercles, oval, outer slightly longer than the inner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C239455FF0ACD3EFD24FE0A" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,833]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Skin of snout, between eyes, sides of head, anterior part of the dorsum, posterior parts of back, and upper and lower parts of flank, granular; dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh, tibia and tarsus, shagreened to sparsely granular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C239455FF52CDF6FF5CFE0A" box="[159,252,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C239455FEC5CDF7FE92FE0A" box="[264,306,413,437]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,813,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,805,1443]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE7. Head, hand, foot and foot webbing in Uperodon anamalaiensis, U. montanus, U. mormorata and U. nagaoi. A–E. Uperodon anamalaiensis: A–D. Neotype of Uperodon anamalaiensis (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/956, male):A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimen of U. anamalaiensis (SDBDU 2013.928, female); F–L. Uperodon montanus: F–H. Topotype of Uperodon montanus (SDBDU 2011.849, male): F. lateral view of head; G. ventral view of hand; H. ventral view of foot; I. schematic illustration of foot webbing; J–L. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon montanus: J. SDBDU 2015.3001, male; K. SDBDU 2003.40115, female; L. SDBDU 2005.30, female; M–S. Uperodon mormorata: M–P. Neotype of Uperodon mormorata (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, female): M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing; Q–S. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon mormorata: Q. SDBDU 2002.567, female; R. SDBDU2012.43, male; S. SDBDU 2015.3082, male.T–W. Holotype of Uperodon nagaoi (WHT 2826, male):T. lateral view ofhead;U. ventral view of hand;V. ventral view of foot; W. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Illustrations:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183469/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">7M</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral surfaces shagreened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C239455FF0ACDAAFC32FCFE" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,833]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FF0ACDAAFEFFFE66" bold="true" box="[199,351,448,473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FEABCDABFDB0FE67" box="[358,528,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">In preservation</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsum olive grey with scattered dark brown spots, dark brown inverted ‘V’ at the level of shoulder (directed downwards), a dark brown line between eyes, another two lines: one on snout, and another between inverted ‘V’ and line connecting the eyes; dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh and shank (including fingers and toes), olive grey with dark brown cross bands; groin and anterior parts of thigh, light grey with light brown mottling, and a light brown patch near cloacal region; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of forelimbs and hind limbs, light brown with prominent light grey reticulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C239455FC57CE1EFC50FD32" box="[922,1008,628,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FBC9CE1EFB3DFD32" box="[1028,1181,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
(SDBDU 2016.3404): Dorsum dark olive grey with scattered dark brown spots especially on posterior part of dorsum, thigh and shank, faint dark brown inverted ‘V’ at the level of shoulder (directed downwards); dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh and shank (including fingers and toes), olive grey with dark brown cross bands; groin and anterior parts of thigh, light brown with light grey and white mottling; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of forelimb and hind limb, dark brown with prominent light greyish-blue reticulations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C239455FD32CF42FC26FCFE" box="[767,902,808,833]" captionStart="FIGURE9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,885,1701]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE9. Uperodon mormorata, U. nagaoi and U.obscurus inlife.A–C. Uperodonmormorata (SDBDU 2016.3404,male): A. Dorsolateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view; D. Uperodon mormorata (SDBDU 2011.835, male), dorsolateral view; E–G. Uperodon nagaoi (DZ 1367, male): E. Dorsolateral view; F. dorsal view; G. frontal view; H–K. Uperodon obscurus: H. Dorsolateral view (DZ 1366, male); I. Dorsal view (DZ 1366, male); J. dorsolateral view (DZ 1408, male); K. dorsolateral view (DZ 1369, male); L. ventral view (DZ 1369, male). (Images: SD Biju and E–G Madhava Meegaskumbura)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183473/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 9A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0245886C239455FF5ACAD1FAB1F8F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183473/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,250,1723,1745]" targetBox="[151,1436,885,1697]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C239455FF5ACAD1FAB1F8F3" blockId="30.[151,1437,1723,1868]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FF5ACAD1FEB2F96E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1723,1745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FED5CAD1FE56F96E" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[280,502,1723,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FED5CAD1FE56F96E" box="[280,502,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FDCFCAD6FDC6F96E" box="[514,614,1724,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FDCFCAD6FDC6F96E" box="[514,614,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FD5ACAD6FCB1F96E" box="[663,785,1723,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD5ACAD6FCB1F96E" box="[663,785,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FC93CAD1FC36F96E" bold="true" box="[862,918,1723,1745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FC51CAD1FBD9F96E" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[924,1145,1723,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FC51CAD1FBD9F96E" box="[924,1145,1723,1745]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SDBDU 2016.3404, male):
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FF5ACAB0FF0FF94F" bold="true" box="[151,175,1754,1776]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FEB7CAB0FE30F94F" bold="true" box="[378,400,1754,1776]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FDD1CAB0FD95F94F" bold="true" box="[540,565,1754,1776]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD05CAB0FD41F94F" bold="true" box="[712,737,1754,1776]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FD25CAB0FC67F94F" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[744,967,1754,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD25CAB0FC67F94F" box="[744,967,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SDBDU 2011.835, male), dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FF5ACA92FF6BF8B1" bold="true" box="[151,203,1784,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E–G.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FF1FCA92FE25F8B1" box="[210,389,1784,1806]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FF1FCA92FE25F8B1" box="[210,389,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Uperodon nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DZ 1367, male):
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FD89CA92FDFCF8B1" bold="true" box="[580,604,1784,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FCE8CA92FC97F8B1" bold="true" box="[805,823,1784,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">F.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FC09CA92FC78F8B1" bold="true" box="[964,984,1784,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">G.</emphasis>
|
||
frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FBA6CA92FB06F8B1" bold="true" box="[1131,1190,1784,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">H–K.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C239455FB61CA92FEB4F892" authority=": H. Dorsolateral" authorityName="H. Dorsolateral" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FB61CA92FAD4F8B1" box="[1196,1396,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Uperodon obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FA4FCA92FA3CF8B1" bold="true" box="[1410,1436,1784,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
view (DZ 1366, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FDD9CB7DFD84F892" bold="true" box="[532,548,1815,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view (DZ 1366, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FCA2CB7DFC22F892" bold="true" box="[879,898,1815,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">J.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (DZ 1408, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FACFCB7DFABCF892" bold="true" box="[1282,1308,1815,1837]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">K.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (DZ 1369, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FE48CB5CFE3CF8F3" bold="true" box="[389,412,1846,1868]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (DZ 1369, male). (Images: SD Biju and E–G Madhava Meegaskumbura).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C239455FF0ACBF6FA3DF866" blockId="30.[151,1437,1948,2009]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C239455FF0ACBF6FEEAF80A" bold="true" box="[199,330,1948,1973]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements for 12 specimens, including the holotype, are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C239455FAF0CBF6FA38F80A" box="[1341,1432,1948,1973]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
. Overall, the skin colouration and texture (except markings), are nearly similar in all the examined specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C229454FF5ACCF2FC67FEA0" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
However, webbing between toes is observed to be highly variable, without being consistent even between the same sexes. Foot webbing: SDBDU 2002.567 (female): medium,
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FC81CCD5FCC3FF68" box="[844,867,191,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I2</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FCA6CCD4FCD9FF68" bold="true" box="[875,889,190,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FCB4CCD5FC3AFF68" box="[889,922,191,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2II</date>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FC65CCD4FC16FF68" bold="true" box="[936,950,190,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FC78CCD5FC40FF68" box="[949,992,191,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">3III</date>
|
||
2+
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FC3BCCD4FBA4FF68" bold="true" box="[1014,1028,190,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FBC9CCD5FB91FF68" box="[1028,1073,191,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">3IV</date>
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FBF3CCD4FBECFF68" bold="true" box="[1086,1100,190,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FB81CCD5FBD0FF68" box="[1100,1136,191,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2V</date>
|
||
; SDBDU 2012.43 (male): large, I1
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF30CC88FEABFF44" bold="true" box="[253,267,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FEC6CC89FE90FF44" box="[267,304,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2II</date>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FEF7CC88FEE8FF44" bold="true" box="[314,328,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FE85CC89FED5FF44" box="[328,373,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1III</date>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FE4DCC88FE2EFF44" bold="true" box="[384,398,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FE40CC89FE19FF44" box="[397,441,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2IV</date>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FE0ACC88FE75FF44" bold="true" box="[455,469,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FE18CC89FE58FF44" box="[469,504,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">1V</date>
|
||
; SDBDU 2015.3082 (male): medium, I1
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FC3DCC88FC5EFF44" bold="true" box="[1008,1022,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FC33CC89FB82FF44" box="[1022,1058,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2II</date>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FBE1CC88FB9AFF44" bold="true" box="[1068,1082,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FBF6CC89FBC5FF44" box="[1083,1125,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2III</date>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FBBECC88FB21FF44" bold="true" box="[1139,1153,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FB4CCC89FB0DFF44" box="[1153,1197,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">3IV</date>
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FB77CC88FB68FF44" bold="true" box="[1210,1224,226,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C229454FB05CC89FB4BFF44" box="[1224,1259,227,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2V</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C229454FACECC88FA30FF44" box="[1283,1424,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,813,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,805,1443]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE7. Head, hand, foot and foot webbing in Uperodon anamalaiensis, U. montanus, U. mormorata and U. nagaoi. A–E. Uperodon anamalaiensis: A–D. Neotype of Uperodon anamalaiensis (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/956, male):A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimen of U. anamalaiensis (SDBDU 2013.928, female); F–L. Uperodon montanus: F–H. Topotype of Uperodon montanus (SDBDU 2011.849, male): F. lateral view of head; G. ventral view of hand; H. ventral view of foot; I. schematic illustration of foot webbing; J–L. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon montanus: J. SDBDU 2015.3001, male; K. SDBDU 2003.40115, female; L. SDBDU 2005.30, female; M–S. Uperodon mormorata: M–P. Neotype of Uperodon mormorata (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, female): M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing; Q–S. schematic illustration of foot webbing in referred specimens of Uperodon mormorata: Q. SDBDU 2002.567, female; R. SDBDU2012.43, male; S. SDBDU 2015.3082, male.T–W. Holotype of Uperodon nagaoi (WHT 2826, male):T. lateral view ofhead;U. ventral view of hand;V. ventral view of foot; W. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Illustrations:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183469/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 7Q–S</figureCitation>
|
||
). SDBDU 2015.3085: dorsum with more prominent blackish-brown spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C229454FF0ACD40FDBDFE48" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF0ACD40FEA6FEFC" bold="true" box="[199,262,298,323]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
In the original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C229454FD8FCD41FD61FEFC" author="Rao, C. R. N." box="[578,705,299,323]" journalOrPublisher="India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="387 - 427" part="6" refId="ref49235" refString="Rao, C. R. N. (1937) On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 6, 387 - 427." title="On some new forms of Batrachia from S" type="journal article" year="1937">Rao (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated this species to have “No occipital fold”. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C229454FA9ECD41FEF0FED8" author="Das, I & Whitaker, R." journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="127 - 132" part="15" refId="ref36519" refString="Das, I. & Whitaker, R. (1997) A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae). Alytes, 15 (3), 127 - 132." title="A redescription of Ramanella mormorata Rao, 1937 (Anura, Microhylidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Das & Whitaker (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed its presence based on their observation of occipital folds in both their examined samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C229454FF7BCD18FE0DFE34" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[182,429,370,395]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF7BCD18FE0DFE34" box="[182,429,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCZ A. 116283 and MCZ A. 15421). Variable occurrence of occipital fold was earlier also reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C229454FE9ECDFCFE51FE10" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[339,497,406,431]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We closely examined the presence and absence of occipital fold in members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C229454FF12CDD0FEF0FE6C" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[223,336,442,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF12CDD0FEF0FE6C" box="[223,336,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Uperodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and observe that its presence may be an artifact of preservation caused due to stretching of loose skin of the snout towards the head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C229454FF0ACE68FB0AFD80" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF0ACE68FD8BFDA4" bold="true" box="[199,555,514,539]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (SDBDU 2016.3404): Vocal sac externally visible on the lower jaw; female (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958) ova white, pigmented on pole (diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C229454FC74CE4CFBE2FD80" box="[953,1090,550,575]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FB80CE42FBC0FD80" box="[1101,1120,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C229454FF0ACE20FD36FD4C" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B151F5D6C229454FF0ACE20FD36FD4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1821690765" collectionCode="SDBDU" location="Goa" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="SDBDU 2016.3404" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goa" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF0ACE20FEC1FDDC" bold="true" box="[199,353,586,611]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C229454FE03CE20FD66FDDC" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[462,710,586,611]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FE03CE20FD66FDDC" box="[462,710,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDBBD7B6C229454FD15CE21FC1BFDDC" box="[728,955,586,611]" collectionCode="SDBDU" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">SDBDU 2016.3404</specimenCode>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FBC1CE21FB9BFDDC" box="[1036,1083,587,611]" country="India" name="Goa" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Goa</collectingRegion>
|
||
produced a single
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C229454FAD4CE21FAE9FDDC" box="[1305,1353,587,611]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of call with pulsatile temporal structure. The calls had uniform intervals and were not delivered in groups. A typical male call had a duration of 182.6 ms, rise time of 108.3 ms, and fall time of 57.4 ms. The call comprised of 28 pulses that were delivered at a rate of 154.7 pulses/s. The spectrum was characterized by single broad peak with mean dominant frequency of 2.6 kHz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C229454FDC8CEB0FD2AFD4C" box="[517,650,730,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[151,250,953,975]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,932]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male advertisement calls of Uperodon anamalaiensis, U. mormorata and U. triangularis. A–D. Uperodon anamalaiensis: A. ten second call segment; B. one second call segment; C. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; D.spectrogram of the call shown in Figure8B; E–H. Uperodon mormorata:E.ten second call segment; F. one second call segment; G. 0.1 second segment showing a single non-pulsatile call; H. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8G; I–L. Uperodon triangularis: I. ten second call segment; J. one second call segment; K. 0.1 second segment showing a single nonpulsatile call; L. spectrogram of the call shown in Figure 8J." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183471/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 8E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C229454FF0ACE94FF7AFBAC" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FF0ACE94FD09FCA8" bold="true" box="[199,681,766,791]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Geographical distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
In the present study, the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C229454FBB2CE94FADBFCA8" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1151,1403,766,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C229454FBB2CE94FADBFCA8" box="[1151,1403,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Uperodon mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confirmed in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FEAACF49FE62FC85" box="[359,450,803,826]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ghats states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FD47CF48FCA0FC84" box="[650,768,802,827]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FCDDCF48FC3FFC84" box="[784,927,802,827]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FC62CF49FC7EFC84" box="[943,990,803,827]" country="India" name="Goa" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Goa</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FBD2CF48FBD3FC84" box="[1055,1139,802,827]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C229454FB4ACF48FB45FC84" box="[1159,1253,802,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C229454FB3BCF48FAF8FC84" box="[1270,1368,802,827]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). For additional previous records and references thereto see supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C229454FC6ACF2CFBABFCE0" box="[935,1035,838,863]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Report of this species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FA9DCF2DFA3CFCE0" box="[1360,1436,839,863]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C229454FF53CF01FEB2FC3C" author="Dey, M." bookContentInfo="291 pp." box="[158,274,875,899]" journalOrPublisher="Thesis submitted to Assam University, Silchar" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref36688" refString="Dey, M. (2001) A study on the ecological status of the anurans of Barak Valley, Assam, India. Thesis submitted to Assam University, Silchar, 291 pp." title="A study on the ecological status of the anurans of Barak Valley, Assam, India" type="book" year="2001">Dey 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is doubtful. We collected this species predominantly from terrestrial habitats such as rock crevices, fallen logs and under stones, and occasionally from tree barks about two metres above the ground. It was found in and around secondary forest areas (Amba, Amboli, Bygoor, Dandeli, Londa, Netravali, Sakleshpur, Samot and Castle rock), primary forests (Shimoga), as well as marshes (coastal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C229454FC52CFBDFC72FC50" box="[927,978,983,1007]" country="India" name="Goa" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Goa</collectingRegion>
|
||
), at elevations from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C229454FAA9CFBCFF0DFBAD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
asl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |