173 lines
21 KiB
XML
173 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5D74E1C6EF87CD3A770685DBE1E2ACF9">A new species of habitat – forming Suberites (Porifera, Demospongiae, Suberitida) in the Benguela upwelling region (South Africa)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B44BC35025CC56EAD4F818A363E80AB">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="767E3AE70C468F0FB5FCEFA7EEC219FD">Maduray, Seshnee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EBC0D3D7E950E016631951A86B7FA31C">Janson, Liesl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF08AAF1237E9B07FB73526D0979E8CD">Ngwakum, Benedicta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1E2C18963789618C022BEB6BB1843CA7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="989ECF10C81ED61F8C40E2E105CC2489">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="74453D2E62A77C0A2F4C66D6802AFC4C">4254</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D49664E753FFD5FF00A47710C6086F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128347623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6049709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D49664E753FFD5FF00A47710C6086F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D49664E753FFD5FF00A47710C6086F" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="C36774F9E753FFD5FF00A477108C0BBF" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF00A47713620B5E" blockId="19.[151,528,1108,1167]" box="[151,528,1108,1134]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D08A901EE753FFD5FF00A47713620B5E" bold="true" box="[151,528,1108,1134]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D5CF1E753FFD5FF00A47713620B5E" authority="Levi, 1958" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,528,1108,1134]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylobtusus">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF00A47713620B5E" bold="true" box="[151,528,1108,1134]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF00A47710FA0B5E" bold="true" box="[151,392,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Suberites tylobtusus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC5A83E753FFD5FE07A47713620B5E" author="Levi" box="[400,528,1108,1134]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" refString="Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ' Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 34 (3), 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF00A455108C0BBF" blockId="19.[151,528,1108,1167]" box="[151,510,1142,1167]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13463BF7E753FFD5FF09A455118F0BBF" box="[158,253,1142,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Type specimen of S. tylobtusus Lévi, 1958. a. Habitus; b. Large tylostyles; c & d. Tylostyles smooth, slightly curved sometimes polytylote; head either well formed or pear shaped or reduced like in styles; e. Tylostrongyles short and stocky; f. Skeletal architecture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/545713/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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a–f;
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<tableCitation id="C6FF12C9E753FFD5FEA6A45510F40BBF" box="[305,390,1142,1167]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[119,196,512,531]" captionTargetBox="[119,1907,711,968]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative measurements of west coast Suberites specimens (n. sp) with holotypes S. tylobtusus anđ S. ficus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0277FAE746FFC0FFE0A22315B10D23" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="DF0277FAE746FFC0FFE0A22315B10D23">Table 2</tableCitation>
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; Table S1)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36774F9E753FFD5FF00A49D141A0BCB" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF00A49D138D0BE7" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" box="[151,767,1214,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF00A49D10E20BE7" bold="true" box="[151,400,1214,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Original description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D5CF1E753FFD5FE00A49D13890BE7" authority="Levi, 1958" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1958" box="[407,763,1214,1239]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylobtusus">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FE00A49D130A0BE6" box="[407,632,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Suberites tylobtusus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC5A83E753FFD5FDE9A49D13890BE7" author="Levi" box="[638,763,1214,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" refString="Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ' Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 34 (3), 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A4C1141A0BCB" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" box="[199,1384,1250,1275]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A4C110390BCB" bold="true" box="[199,331,1250,1275]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D5CF1E753FFD5FEC6A4C013D80BCB" authority="Levi, 1958" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1958" box="[337,682,1250,1275]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylobtusa">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FEC6A4C013550BCB" box="[337,551,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Suberites tylobtusa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC5A83E753FFD5FDB9A4C113D80BCB" author="Levi" box="[558,682,1250,1275]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" refString="Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ' Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 34 (3), 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pg. 24, fig. 20;
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D5CF1E753FFD5FCF6A4C015CB0BCB" authority="Uriz, 1988" authorityName="Uriz" authorityYear="1988" box="[865,1209,1250,1275]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylobtusa">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FCF6A4C015450BCB" box="[865,1079,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Suberites tylobtusa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC5A83E753FFD5FBA9A4C115CB0BCB" author="Uriz" box="[1086,1209,1250,1275]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (Southwest Africa): Classses Hexactinellida and Demospongia. Monografias de Zoologia Marina, 3, 9 - 157." type="journal article" year="1988">Uriz, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pg. 38, fig. 15.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36774F9E753FFD5FF50A52515170A2F" box="[199,1125,1286,1311]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A52515170A2F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" box="[199,1125,1286,1311]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A52510DB0A2F" bold="true" box="[199,425,1286,1311]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Material examined</emphasis>
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. Holotype MNHN DCL 1301,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D5CF1E753FFD5FC9FA52515130A2F" authority="Levi, 1958" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1958" box="[776,1121,1286,1311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylobtusa">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FC9FA52512AC0A2E" box="[776,990,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Suberites tylobtusa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC5A83E753FFD5FC73A52515130A2F" author="Levi" box="[996,1121,1286,1311]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" refString="Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ' Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 34 (3), 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36774F9E753FFD5FF50A50913F90827" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A50912E50ABB" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A509132E0A73" bold="true" box="[199,604,1322,1347]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Description of gross morphology</emphasis>
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. Small fragments of
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<typeStatus id="54C699D0E753FFD5FCF7A50812E20A73" box="[864,912,1323,1347]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
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material (
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<figureCitation id="13463BF7E753FFD5FB99A50915070A73" box="[1038,1141,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Type specimen of S. tylobtusus Lévi, 1958. a. Habitus; b. Large tylostyles; c & d. Tylostyles smooth, slightly curved sometimes polytylote; head either well formed or pear shaped or reduced like in styles; e. Tylostrongyles short and stocky; f. Skeletal architecture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/545713/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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a).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC5A83E753FFD5FB09A509145B0A73" author="Levi" box="[1182,1321,1322,1347]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" refString="Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ' Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 34 (3), 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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however, described the sponge as massive with rounded lobes. Surface smooth, irregular and velvety to the touch. Oscules not visible. Consistency soft and fleshy. Colour in life bright orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A5B5103A09B7" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A5B5102B0A9F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1430,1455]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Megascleres</emphasis>
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. Megascleres are tylostyles and tylostrongyles in one size catogory. Tylostyles 1, smooth, slightly curved sometimes polytylote; head either well rounded or pear shaped, or reduced to resemble styles. Distally fusiform, or with mucronate or rounded ends. One size category (440–556 µm
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<date id="FFC301B2E753FFD5FB9DA5FC15490AC7" box="[1034,1083,1502,1527]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" value="2015-10">x 15</date>
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µm) (maximum length 600 µm
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<date id="FFC301B2E753FFD5FF00A6201183092B" box="[151,241,1538,1563]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" value="2015-10-25">x 15–25</date>
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µm) (
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<figureCitation id="13463BF7E753FFD5FEA1A62110E4092B" box="[310,406,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Type specimen of S. tylobtusus Lévi, 1958. a. Habitus; b. Large tylostyles; c & d. Tylostyles smooth, slightly curved sometimes polytylote; head either well formed or pear shaped or reduced like in styles; e. Tylostrongyles short and stocky; f. Skeletal architecture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/545713/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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b, c, d). Tylostyles 2, more slender than the previous ones in length, gently curved with well formed heads, sometimes slightly fusiform, 350–450 µm
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<date id="FFC301B2E753FFD5FC88A6041208090F" box="[799,890,1575,1599]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" value="2010-10-11">x 10–11</date>
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µm thick. Tylostrongyles short and stocky 182– 297 µm
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<date id="FFC301B2E753FFD5FE92A66810430953" box="[261,305,1611,1635]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">x 8</date>
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µm (maximum length 450 µm
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<date id="FFC301B2E753FFD5FD53A668138D0953" box="[708,767,1610,1635]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" value="2015-10">x 15</date>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="13463BF7E753FFD5FC89A66912F50953" box="[798,903,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Type specimen of S. tylobtusus Lévi, 1958. a. Habitus; b. Large tylostyles; c & d. Tylostyles smooth, slightly curved sometimes polytylote; head either well formed or pear shaped or reduced like in styles; e. Tylostrongyles short and stocky; f. Skeletal architecture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/545713/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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e) (please refer to
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<tableCitation id="C6FF12C9E753FFD5FBE1A66915A30953" box="[1142,1233,1610,1635]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[119,196,512,531]" captionTargetBox="[119,1907,711,968]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative measurements of west coast Suberites specimens (n. sp) with holotypes S. tylobtusus anđ S. ficus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0277FAE746FFC0FFE0A22315B10D23" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="DF0277FAE746FFC0FFE0A22315B10D23">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
for comparative measurements).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A6B110B1099B" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" box="[199,451,1682,1707]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A6B1102C099B" bold="true" box="[199,350,1682,1707]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
. Absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A69513F90827" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A695105C09FF" bold="true" box="[199,302,1718,1743]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
. The skeletal architecture is irregular and includes packages of radial megasclere pointing in every direction and separated by more slender spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13463BF7E753FFD5FD7AA6F9122109C3" box="[749,851,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[147,1415,196,1136]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Type specimen of S. tylobtusus Lévi, 1958. a. Habitus; b. Large tylostyles; c & d. Tylostyles smooth, slightly curved sometimes polytylote; head either well formed or pear shaped or reduced like in styles; e. Tylostrongyles short and stocky; f. Skeletal architecture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/545713/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
f). There is no recognisable ectosome. Ectosomal skeleton consists of densly packed tylostyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36774F9E753FFD5FF50A70110C6086F" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A70113FF080B" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" box="[199,653,1826,1851]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B152D2FE753FFD5FF50A70113FF080B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1455870542" box="[199,653,1826,1851]" country="Iceland" location="Red Sea" pageId="19" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A701102F080B" bold="true" box="[199,349,1826,1851]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C699D0E753FFD5FF50A7011070080B" box="[199,258,1826,1851]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Abu Latt
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A67E2E753FFD5FE40A701136C080B" box="[471,542,1826,1851]" name="Iceland" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9E990E753FFD5FDBEA70113FB080B" box="[553,649,1826,1851]" country="Eritrea" name="Semenawi Keyih Bahri" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC22772E753FFD5FF50A76510C6086F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1214,1887]" box="[199,436,1862,1887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909FB60E753FFD5FF50A7651051086F" bold="true" box="[199,291,1862,1887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="68">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Coral reefs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |