498 lines
59 KiB
XML
498 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="75D926B69F88874B12EE6543DFBEB0B4">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640AB846CB2CFCF9D3FC9AD26A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796843" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796843" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640AB846CB2CFCF9D3FC9AD26A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640AB846CB2CFCF9D3FC9AD26A" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB846C52CFCF9D3FDE8D130" box="[151,547,1629,1655]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB846C52CFCF9D3FDE8D130" blockId="151.[151,547,1629,1655]" box="[151,547,1629,1655]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52CFCF9D3FDE8D130" ID-CoL="BLL" ID-ENA="249429" authority="Signoret 1875 b" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,547,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52CFCF9D3FDE8D130" bold="true" box="[151,547,1629,1655]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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KERMESIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52D0CF9D3FDE8D130" author="Signoret" box="[359,547,1629,1655]" firstAuthor="Signoret" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="305 - 352" refId="ref211165" refString="Signoret, V. (1875 b) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres-Coccides), 15 e partie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 5, 5, 305 - 352." type="journal article" year="1875" yearSuffix="b">Signoret 1875b</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB846C52CFCF92CFE41D19F" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB846C52CFCF92CFE41D19F" blockId="151.[151,1436,1696,1752]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AB846C52CFCF92CFE41D19F" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AB846C52CFCF92CFE6CD1FE" box="[151,423,1696,1721]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52CFCF92CFE6CD1FE" ID-CoL="637WL" authority="Boitard 1828" authorityName="Boitard" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,423,1696,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52CFCF92CFF2FD1FE" box="[151,228,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Kermes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52C80F92EFE6CD1FE" author="Boitard, P." box="[235,423,1696,1721]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref198186" refString="Boitard, P. (1828) Les gallinsectes. [Gall-forming Insects.] Manuel d'entomologie ou histoire naturelle des insectes. Roret, Paris, 435 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122860" type="book" year="1828">Boitard 1828, 171</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AB846C52DDAF92CFE28D1FD" box="[433,483,1698,1722]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52E2AF92CFC9BD1FE" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1790" box="[577,848,1696,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52E2AF92CFD35D1FE" box="[577,766,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Coccus variegatus</emphasis>
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Gmelin
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</taxonomicName>
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by subsequent designation
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AB846C52801F92EFAD0D1FE" box="[1130,1307,1696,1721]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52801F92EFAD0D1FE" author="Fernald, M. E." box="[1130,1307,1696,1721]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref200607" refString="Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1903">Fernald 1903, 60</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. (=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52929F92FFE4BD19F" authority=", Fourcroy" authorityName="Fourcroy" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roboris">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52929F92FFEDAD19F" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Chermes roboris</emphasis>
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, Fourcroy
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB846CA2CFCF88BFC53D620" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB846CA2CFCF88BFC53D620" blockId="151.[151,1437,1797,2041]" lastBlockId="152.[151,1437,153,1007]" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52CFCF88BFEFDD067" bold="true" box="[151,310,1797,1824]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Introduction.</emphasis>
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The family
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52DA8F888FD82D067" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[451,585,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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currently includes 10 genera with 93 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52831F888FA5AD067" author="Garcia Morales" box="[1114,1425,1798,1825]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia Morales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref201635" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2019) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: https: // data. nal. usda. gov / dataset / scalenet-scaleinsects-coccoidea-database (accessed 12 August 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
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García Morales
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52979F889FA8ED067" box="[1298,1349,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
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. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). However, the inclusion of some genera (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52EE7F8A4FCC6D003" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" box="[652,781,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52EE7F8A4FCC6D003" box="[652,781,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Eriokermes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is still somewhat controversial. Most species are found on oaks or other fabaceous plant species, although
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52EC0F8C0FCE7D02F" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" box="[683,812,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AB846C52EC0F8C0FCE7D02F" box="[683,812,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Eriokermes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to junipers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C5282BF8C0FB14D02F" box="[1088,1247,1870,1896]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Kermesid adult males are unusual within the neococcoids in having 5 pairs of simple eyes. In their molecular phylogenetic study,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52CFCF818FE63D0F7" author="Gullan and Cook" box="[151,424,1942,1968]" firstAuthor="Gullan" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref202599" refString="Gullan, P. J. & Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668, 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan and Cook (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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found the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52E4BF818FD6DD0F7" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[544,678,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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to be part of a polytomy with all other neococcoids bar the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52929F818FF37D093" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
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, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52D20F834FD5DD093" author="Yokogawa and Yahara" box="[331,662,1978,2004]" firstAuthor="Yokogawa" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref213573" refString="Yokogawa, T. & Yahara, T. (2009) Mitochondrial phylogeny certified PGL (Paternal Genome Loss) is of single origin and haplodiploidy sensu stricto (arrhenotoky) did not evolve from PGL in the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Genes & Genetic Systems, 84, 57 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1266 / ggs. 84.57" type="journal article" year="2009">Yokogawa and Yahara (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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found the kermesids sister to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52867F834FB6FD093" box="[1036,1188,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C528B2F834FA52D093" box="[1241,1433,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB846C52CFCF850FE1BD0BF" author="Hodgson and Hardy" box="[151,464,2014,2040]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref203953" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson and Hardy (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, based on adult male morphology, found the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52FB9F850FB93D0BF" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[978,1112,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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to be sister to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB846C52947F850FA52D0BF" box="[1324,1433,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kerriidae</taxonomicName>
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, Lecanodiaspidae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2D0AFF17FE37D7F4" box="[353,508,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2E6DFF17FD0ED7F4" box="[518,709,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2EA4FF17FC81D7F4" box="[719,842,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2FEAFF17FC27D7F4" box="[897,1004,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB746CA2857FF17FA9FD7F3" author="Vea and Grimaldi" box="[1084,1364,153,180]" firstAuthor="Vea" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="23487" refId="ref212464" refString="Vea, I. M. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal article" year="2016">Vea and Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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found the
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2CAAFF33FE8CD790" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[193,327,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
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to be sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2E72FF33FD13D790" box="[537,728,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2E8FFF33FCB4D790" box="[740,895,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2FE0FF33FC3ED790" box="[907,1013,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kerriidae</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2846FF33FAC8D790" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1869" box="[1069,1283,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Lecanodiaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lecanodiaspididae</taxonomicName>
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. Males of the following species have been described previously:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2EB8FF6CFC87D7BC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[723,844,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2EB8FF6CFC87D7BC" box="[723,844,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB746CA2FE6FF6FFB76D7BC" author="Koteja & Zak-Ogaza" box="[909,1213,225,251]" firstAuthor="Koteja" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="193 - 215" refId="ref206378" refString="Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B. (1972) Morphology and taxonomy of the male Kermes quercus (L.) (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 17, 193 - 215." type="journal article" year="1972">Koteja & Zak-Ogaza 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA28BAFF6CFE45D667" authority="Sternlicht (Sternlicht 1969)" authorityName="Sternlicht (Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA28BAFF6CFA9AD7BC" box="[1233,1361,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
Sternlicht (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB746CA2CBCFE8BFE4DD667" author="Sternlicht" box="[215,390,261,288]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="251 - 270" refId="ref211461" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2DBEFE88FCC2D667" authority="Sternlicht 1969" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" box="[469,777,261,288]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2DBEFE88FD99D658" box="[469,594,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB746CA2E32FE8BFCC2D667" author="Sternlicht" box="[601,777,261,288]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="251 - 270" refId="ref211461" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2F77FE8BFAA6D658" authority="(Tinsley) (Miller & Miller 1993)" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[796,1389,261,288]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2F77FE8BFC31D658" box="[796,1018,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Eriokermes gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
(Tinsley) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB746CA281FFE8BFAAED658" author="Miller & Miller" box="[1140,1381,261,287]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref208902" refString="Miller, D. R. & Miller, G. L. (1993) Eriococcidae of the Eastern United States (Homoptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 27 (4), 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1993">Miller & Miller 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 4 species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20AB746CA2D2FFEA7FE4CD604" box="[324,391,297,323]" name="China" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB746CA2DD8FEA7FDE0D603" author="Hu" box="[435,555,297,324]" firstAuthor="Hu" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="291 - 316" refId="ref205193" refString="Hu, X. (1986) Studies on gall-like scale insects, with descriptions of three new species from Shandong, China (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Entomotaxonomia, 8, 291 - 316" type="journal article" year="1986">Hu (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The following family diagnosis is based on the adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2891FEA4FABFD604" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1274,1396,298,323]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2891FEA4FABFD604" box="[1274,1396,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA29E8FEA4FF3FD620" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA29E8FEA4FF3FD620" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2D40FEC3FDC2D620" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[299,521,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2D40FEC3FDC2D620" box="[299,521,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Eriokermes gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus the 3 species described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB746CA2CACFEFEFE50D4C4" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CACFEFEFE50D4C4" blockId="152.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2CACFEFEFCEED6CC" bold="true" box="[199,805,368,395]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Family diagnosis based on adult male morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AB746CA2F5EFEFFFC72D6CB" box="[821,953,369,396]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 62" captionStart-1="FIGURE 63" captionStart-2="FIGURE 64" captionStartId-0="155.[151,248,1903,1928]" captionStartId-1="158.[151,248,1911,1936]" captionStartId-2="161.[151,250,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1430,191,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1407,243,1881]" captionTargetBox-2="[153,1427,237,1914]" captionTargetId-0="figure@155.[151,1436,181,1878]" captionTargetId-1="figure@158.[177,1411,237,1886]" captionTargetId-2="figure@161.[151,1436,237,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="155" captionTargetPageId-1="158" captionTargetPageId-2="161" captionText-0="FIGURE 62. Allokermes galliformis (Riley). Macropterous male. (Kermesidae). Where A=cranial apophysis." captionText-1="FIGURE 63. Kermes shastensis Ehrhorn. Macropterous male. (Kermesidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta and E=hair-like seta." captionText-2="FIGURE 64. Kermes sp. California, USA. Macropterous male. (Kermesidae). Where A=cranial apophysis." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774298" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774302" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774304" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774298/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774302/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3774304/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Figs 62–64</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2FA6FEFFFBDED6CC" bold="true" box="[973,1045,369,395]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
moderate sized, with abdomen tapering slightly or parallel-sided; with both fs and hs (unclear on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2F05FE18FC2FD6E8" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[878,996,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2F05FE18FC2FD6E8" box="[878,996,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mostly ventral;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA28C6FE1BFA57D6E8" box="[1197,1436,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">loculate pores absent</emphasis>
|
||
(apart from in glandular pouch).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2E78FE37FD98D694" bold="true" box="[531,595,441,467]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: preocular ridge well developed, apparently fusing medially on venter in some species; with
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2D19FE50FB3AD6B0" box="[370,1265,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">a group of setae on each membranous area laterad to ventral mid-cranial ridge</emphasis>
|
||
(few on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA293DFE50FF04D55C" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA293DFE50FF04D55C" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2C8CFD8FFC17D55C" box="[231,988,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">ocular sclerite well developed and almost forming a complete band</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2F80FD8FFDB7D578" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">with 5 pairs of simple eyes, dorsal and ventral pairs large, lateral 3 pairs smaller</emphasis>
|
||
; ocellus close to postocular ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2865FDABFA5FD578" box="[1038,1428,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">postoccipital ridge well developed</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2CFCFDC4FEB9D524" box="[151,370,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">genae lacking setae</emphasis>
|
||
; antennae 10 segmented, with both hs and fs; segment X with 4 capitate setae (number uncertain on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2CD1FDE0FEE4D5C0" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[186,303,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2CD1FDE0FEE4D5C0" box="[186,303,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2D2EFDE3FE6CD5C0" bold="true" box="[325,423,621,647]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
prothoracic setae absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2EA3FDE3FBFED5C0" box="[712,1077,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">postmesospiracular setae absent</emphasis>
|
||
; prescutal setae present;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2926FDE0FE7AD5EC" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">scutum with a membranous area</emphasis>
|
||
, without setae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2E0CFD1FFBCAD5EC" box="[615,1025,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">basisternum without a median ridge</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2879FD1FFAE9D5EC" box="[1042,1314,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">basisternal setae absent</emphasis>
|
||
; alar setae present or absent; alar sensoria absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2E3FFD3BFC91D588" box="[596,858,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">hamulohalteres present</emphasis>
|
||
; legs setose, with both fs and hs; trochanter with 3 sensoria in a line; tibia with two tibial spurs (unclear on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2F6DFD54FCB1D5B4" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[774,890,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2F6DFD54FCB1D5B4" box="[774,890,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tarsi 1 or 2 segmented; tarsal digitules capitate; claws with capitate digitules and a denticle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2EE2FD72FD35D450" bold="true" box="[649,766,764,791]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: abdominal segments each usually with sternites; glandular pouches present on segment VIII, each deep; penial sheath composed of a broad segment IX (with anus) fused to a narrower style, latter about 1–2 times longer than segment IX, narrowing to a blunt apex; penial sheath setae only present on segment IX.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB746CA2CACFC03FDE3D4A8" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CACFC03FDE3D4A8" blockId="152.[151,1437,153,1007]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">The preocular ridge does not appear to actually meet medially on the venter on any of the three species described below. Nonetheless, the above combination of characters immediately separates all known members of this family from those of other families.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB746CA2CFCFBCFFD3CD31C" box="[151,759,1089,1115]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFBCFFD3CD31C" blockId="152.[151,759,1089,1115]" box="[151,759,1089,1115]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2CFCFBCFFD3CD31C" bold="true" box="[151,759,1089,1115]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Key to known adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2E6FFBCFFD51D31C" ID-CoL="BLL" ID-ENA="249429" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[516,666,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB746CB2CFCFB08FA57D473" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8A0C430AB746CB2CFCFB08FA57D473" lastPageId="153" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AB746CA2CFCFB08FA57D3FF" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFB08FA57D3DC" blockId="152.[151,1436,1157,1209]" box="[151,1436,1157,1179]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFB08FA57D3DC" box="[151,1436,1157,1179]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">1. Tarsi 1 segmented.................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFB2DFA57D3FF" blockId="152.[151,1436,1157,1209]" box="[151,1436,1187,1209]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFB2DFA57D3FF" box="[151,1436,1187,1209]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">- Tarsi 2 segmented.................................................................................... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AB746CA2CFCFB50FA57D257" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFB50FA57D3B4" blockId="152.[151,1436,1245,1297]" box="[151,1436,1245,1268]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFB50FA57D3B4" box="[151,1436,1245,1268]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
2. Alar seta present. Prosternal setae abundant..........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA28F9FB50FB10D3B4" ID-CoL="637WL" authorityName="Boitard" authorityYear="1828" box="[1170,1243,1246,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA28F9FB50FB10D3B4" box="[1170,1243,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20AB746CA2962FB50FAF7D3B3" box="[1289,1340,1246,1268]" name="United States of America" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AB746CA2924FB53FA5ED3B4" box="[1359,1429,1245,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="161.[151,250,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[153,1427,237,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@161.[151,1436,237,1914]" captionTargetPageId="161" captionText="FIGURE 64. Kermes sp. California, USA. Macropterous male. (Kermesidae). Where A=cranial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774304/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFB75FA57D257" blockId="152.[151,1436,1245,1297]" box="[151,1436,1275,1297]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFB75FA57D257" box="[151,1436,1275,1297]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">- Alar setae absent. Prosternal setae absent or only 1 pair present................................................ 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AB746CA2CFCFAB8FA57D2E4" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFAB8FA57D22E" blockId="152.[151,1437,1333,1443]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFAB8FA57D22E" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
3. Only 2 dorsal abdominal pleural setae present on each side of abdominal segments I–VII. Simple pores present on head and loculate pores present ventrally on metathorax............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA28ABFADAFA58D22E" ID-CoL="3R64P" authority="Sternlicht" authorityName="Sternlicht (Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" box="[1216,1427,1363,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA28ABFADAFAE6D22F" box="[1216,1325,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
Sternlicht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CF6FAFFFA57D2E4" blockId="152.[151,1437,1333,1443]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CF6FAFFFA57D2E4" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
- With at least 4 or 5 dorsal abdominal pleural setae present on each side. Simple pores and loculate pores absent...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2876FA00FA88D2E4" ID-CoL="BX7Z" authority="(Riley)" baseAuthorityName="Riley" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1053,1347,1421,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2876FA00FB33D2E4" box="[1053,1272,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Allokermes galliformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Riley)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AB746CA2924FA03FA5ED2E4" box="[1359,1429,1421,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="155.[151,248,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,191,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1436,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 62. Allokermes galliformis (Riley). Macropterous male. (Kermesidae). Where A=cranial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774298/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AB746CA2CFCFA46FA57D2BC" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFA46FA57D299" blockId="152.[151,1436,1480,1531]" box="[151,1436,1480,1502]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFA46FA57D299" box="[151,1436,1480,1502]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">4. Metasternal setae absent............................................................................... 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCFA68FA57D2BC" blockId="152.[151,1436,1480,1531]" box="[151,1436,1509,1531]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCFA68FA57D2BC" box="[151,1436,1509,1531]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">- Metasternal setae present............................................................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AB746CA2CFCF9AEFA57D136" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCF9AEFA56D114" blockId="152.[151,1437,1568,1649]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCF9AEFA56D114" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
5. All thoracic setae (except tegular setae) absent. Pleural setae absent on abdominal segments I and II.................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA28E3F9B0FA56D114" authority="(Tinsley)" baseAuthorityName="Tinsley" box="[1160,1437,1597,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilletei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA28E3F9B0FAF4D114" box="[1160,1343,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Eriokermes gilletei</emphasis>
|
||
(Tinsley)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CF6F9D5FA57D136" blockId="152.[151,1437,1568,1649]" box="[157,1436,1627,1649]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CF6F9D5FA57D136" box="[157,1436,1627,1649]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">- Some thoracic setae present, at least on scutellum. Pleural setae present on segments I and II......................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCF91BFA57D1EC" blockId="152.[151,1436,1685,1737]" box="[151,1436,1685,1707]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCF91BFA57D1EC" box="[151,1436,1685,1707]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
6. A small group of metapleural setae present just posterior to metapleural ridge.........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2829F918FA57D1EC" authority="Spodek & Ben-Dov" authorityName="Spodek & Ben-Dov" box="[1090,1436,1685,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2829F918FB1CD1EC" box="[1090,1239,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
Spodek & Ben-Dov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CF6F93DFA57D18E" blockId="152.[151,1436,1685,1737]" box="[157,1436,1715,1737]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CF6F93DFA57D18E" box="[157,1436,1715,1737]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
- Metapleural setae absent just posterior to metapleural ridge...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA28F6F93AFA57D18E" ID-CoL="3R64Z" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1953" box="[1181,1436,1715,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA28F6F93AFADED18F" box="[1181,1301,1715,1737]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCF960FE23D066" blockId="152.[151,1436,1773,1854]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCF960FE23D066" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
7. With 3 ventral pleural setae on each side of each abdominal segments II–VI. Body size small, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE3F6970AB746CA28CEF960FB17D044" box="[1189,1244,1774,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA2954F960FE23D066" ID-CoL="47DK6" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA2954F960FEAAD067" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
Bodenheimer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CF6F8A7FA57D03F" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CF6F8A7FA57D07A" blockId="152.[151,1436,1773,1854]" box="[157,1436,1832,1854]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
- With only 1 ventral pleural seta on each side of each abdominal segments II–VI. Body size larger, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE3F6970AB746CA28A5F8A6FAE4D079" box="[1230,1327,1832,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long... 8
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCF8EDFA57D03F" blockId="152.[151,1436,1891,1942]" box="[151,1436,1891,1913]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">8. Three or fewer dorsal pleural setae on each side of abdominal segment I......................................... 9</paragraph>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CF6F80FFA57D0D2" blockId="152.[151,1436,1891,1942]" box="[157,1436,1920,1942]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CF6F80FFA57D0D2" box="[157,1436,1920,1942]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">- More than 4 dorsal pleural setae present on each side of abdominal segment I.................................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E800477C0AB746CA2CFCF835FA57D0A9" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB746CA2CFCF835FA57D0A9" blockId="152.[151,1436,1979,2030]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB746CA2CFCF835FA57D0A9" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
|
||
9. With 2 prosternal setae on each side of median sternal ridge. Antennal setae each at least as long as width of antennal segments.....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB746CA280BF857FA89D0A9" ID-CoL="3R678" authority="(Ehrhorn)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrhorn" box="[1120,1346,2008,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shastensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB746CA280BF857FB16D0AA" box="[1120,1245,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">K. shastensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrhorn)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 63)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CF6FF14FA57D78B" blockId="153.[157,1436,153,204]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CF6FF14FA57D78B" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
- With 4 prosternal setae on each side of median sternal ridge. Antennal setae mostly shorter than width of antennal segments.....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB28B5FF39FA57D78B" authority="Hu" authorityName="Hu" box="[1246,1436,183,204]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qingdaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB28B5FF39FAB2D78B" box="[1246,1401,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. qingdaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFF7CFA57D663" blockId="153.[151,1436,241,322]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CFCFF7CFA57D663" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
10. Propleural setae present in a small group of 4 setae. With about 10 prosternal setae present associated with median ridge on each side. With about 10 pleural setae on each side of abdominal segment I............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB288DFE81FA57D663" ID-CoL="3R67G" authority="Hu" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1986" box="[1254,1436,271,292]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taishanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB288DFE81FAB2D663" box="[1254,1401,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. taishanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CF6FEA3FA57D606" blockId="153.[151,1436,241,322]" box="[157,1436,300,322]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CF6FEA3FA57D606" box="[157,1436,300,322]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">- Propleural setae absent. Other characters not in this combination.............................................. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFEE9FA57D6DD" blockId="153.[151,1436,359,469]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CFCFEE9FA57D6DD" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
11. Sternite of abdominal segment VIII with strong sclerotised ridges on either side of sternite. Preocular ridge fusing medially on venter. Most abdominal segments with 2 pairs of dorsal abdominal setae.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2961FE0BFABAD6DD" ID-CoL="3R66V" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1290,1393,389,410]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2961FE0BFABAD6DD" box="[1290,1393,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CF6FE2CFA57D693" blockId="153.[151,1436,359,469]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CF6FE2CFA57D693" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">- Sternite of abdominal segment VIII without strong sclerotised ridges on either side of sternite. Other characters not in this combination........................................................................................ 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFE74FA57D56A" blockId="153.[151,1436,505,586]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CFCFE74FA57D56A" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
12. Abdominal segments II–VII each with mainly 2 dorsal pleural setae....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2FE3FD99FC2BD56B" ID-CoL="3R65J" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityYear="1931" box="[904,992,535,556]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2FE3FD99FC2BD56B" box="[904,992,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bodenheimera &
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB28FAFD99FA4CD56A" ID-CoL="3R663" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityYear="1931" box="[1169,1415,535,557]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB28FAFD99FB36D56B" box="[1169,1277,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
Bodenheimer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
**
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CF6FDBBFA57D50E" blockId="153.[151,1436,505,586]" box="[157,1436,564,586]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CF6FDBBFA57D50E" box="[157,1436,564,586]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">- Abdominal segments II–VII infrequently with 2 dorsal pleural setae........................................... 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFDE1FA57D5E5" blockId="153.[151,1436,623,733]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CFCFDE1FA57D5E5" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
13. Median ridge of prosternum with perhaps 7 prosternal setae on each side. Abdominal segment I with about 12 pleural setae on each side............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2888FD03FA57D5E5" ID-CoL="3R666" authority="Hu" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1986" box="[1251,1436,653,674]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigronotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2888FD03FAB2D5E5" box="[1251,1401,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. nigronotatus</emphasis>
|
||
Hu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CF6FD24FA57D59B" blockId="153.[151,1436,623,733]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CF6FD24FA57D59B" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">- Median ridge of prosternum with only 3 prosternal setae on each side. Abdominal segment I with about 8 or 9 pleural setae on each side.......................................................................................... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFC8CFA57D473" blockId="153.[151,1436,769,821]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AB646CB2CFCFC8CFA57D473" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
14. Setae on most antennal segments short, less than width of each segment........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB28A5FC8CFA57D450" ID-CoL="3R65X" authority="Kuwana" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1907" box="[1230,1436,769,791]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miyasakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB28A5FC8CFA8DD451" box="[1230,1350,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. miyasakii</emphasis>
|
||
Kuwana
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Setae on most antennal segments as long as or longer than width of each segment........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2832FC91FA57D473" ID-CoL="3R67B" authority="Spodek & Ben-Dov" authorityName="Spodek & Ben-Dov" box="[1113,1436,799,821]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2832FC91FB13D473" box="[1113,1240,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Spodek & Ben-Dov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AB646CB2CFCFCEAFC9AD26A" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFCEAFE77D386" blockId="153.[151,1437,867,1326]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
*Note:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2C86FCEAFE2ED43A" authority="Sternlicht" authorityName="Sternlicht (Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" box="[237,485,867,893]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2C86FCEAFEA4D43A" box="[237,367,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
Sternlicht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2E97FCEAFBD6D43A" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityYear="1931" box="[764,1053,867,893]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2E97FCEAFCB7D43A" box="[764,892,867,893]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
Bodenheimer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB646CB2820FCEDFA52D439" author="Spodek and Ben-Dov" box="[1099,1433,867,894]" firstAuthor="Spodek" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref211404" refString="Spodek, M. & Ben-Dov, Y. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3781 (1), 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3781.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Spodek and Ben-Dov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the description of the morphology of the adult males described by Spodek and Ben-Dov differ in a few possibly significant features from those in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB646CB2E16FC25FCF4D481" author="Sternlicht" box="[637,831,939,966]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="251 - 270" refId="ref211461" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Sternlicht clearly illustrates one of the tarsi as being 1 segmented, whereas Spodek and Ben-Dov state that it is 2 segmented. In addition, Sternlicht clearly states and illustrates “disc-pores” (simple pores) present on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the head, and also states that some trilocular pores are present on the metasternum (although he illustrates these and the setae in the wrong place!). Spodek and Ben-Dov looked but did not find these pores on their specimens. As the adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2950FBB2FF75D33E" authorityName="Sternlicht (Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2950FBB2FF75D33E" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2C9CFBEEFEBDD33E" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityYear="1931" box="[247,374,1119,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2C9CFBEEFEBDD33E" box="[247,374,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
key out in quite different places in the above key, they are being kept separate here although this is not suggesting that the synonymy is incorrect but perhaps material of adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2802FB0AFB23D3DA" authorityName="Sternlicht (Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" box="[1129,1256,1155,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2802FB0AFB23D3DA" box="[1129,1256,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AB646CB2975FB0AFA57D3DA" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityYear="1931" box="[1310,1436,1155,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2975FB0AFA57D3DA" box="[1310,1436,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
need to be studied further.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFB42FBF6D3A2" blockId="153.[151,1437,867,1326]" box="[151,1085,1227,1254]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">** Note. The taxonomic value of the character-states from 12 onwards is uncertain.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AB646CB2CFCFB61FC9AD26A" blockId="153.[151,1437,867,1326]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AB646CB2CFCFB61FF07D24D" bold="true" box="[151,204,1263,1290]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Also</emphasis>
|
||
note that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AB646CB2D2BFB7EFE7ED24D" author="Hu" box="[320,437,1263,1290]" firstAuthor="Hu" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="85 - 91" refId="ref205231" refString="Hu, X., Li, S. & Prokopy, R. J. (1995) Studies on the morphology and taxonomy of the male of Beesonia napiformis (Kuwana) (Coccoidea: Beesoniidae). Israel Journal of Entomology, 29, 85 - 91." type="journal article" year="1995">Hu (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to the dorsal pleural setae on abdominal segment I as being on the metathorax whereas they are clearly on abdominal segment I in his figure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |