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<mods:title id="50AF64CB98B32A97E0E2EC6852E50821">Deep-sea ascidians from Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D02201375E04D10F35AD84FA802C39A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6000502" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131878148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6000502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D02201375E04D10F35AD84FA802C39A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D02201375E04D10F35AD84FA802C39A2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<subSubSection id="1091E3AA5E04D10935AD84FA834B3B75" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5834B0215E04D10935AD84FA83C63AB8" blockId="2.[151,762,220,247]" box="[151,762,220,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<heading id="037C074D5E04D10935AD84FA83C63AB8" bold="true" box="[151,762,220,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="9F8BCBA25E04D10935AD84FA83C63AB8" authority="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F, 1991" authorityName="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,762,220,247]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Fimbrora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calsubia">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E04D10935AD84FA83C63AB8" bold="true" box="[151,762,220,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E04D10935AD84FA80443AB9" bold="true" box="[151,376,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Fimbrora calsubia</emphasis>
Monniot C &amp; Monniot F, 1991
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5834B0215E04D10935AD8502834B3B75" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,406]" box="[151,631,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<bibRef id="812B24D75E04D10935AD8502834B3B75" box="[151,631,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="book">
<materialsCitation id="E8E3BA7C5E04D10935AD8502834B3B75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563874487" box="[151,631,292,314]" collectorName="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" country="New Caledonia" location="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" specimenCount="1">
<author id="803658C45E04D10935AD850280393B75" box="[151,261,292,314]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<collectorName id="F57ED5F75E04D10935AD850280393B75" box="[151,261,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Monniot C</collectorName>
</author>
&amp;
<author id="803658C45E04D109341F850280AD3B75" box="[293,401,292,314]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<collectorName id="F57ED5F75E04D109341F850280AD3B75" box="[293,401,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Monniot F</collectorName>
</author>
,
<year id="2C23F1725E04D10934A6850280ED3B75" box="[412,465,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">1991</year>
,
<title id="2A8F5B175E04D10934E18503834B3B75" box="[475,631,292,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<collectingCountry id="209CF0B15E04D10934E18503834B3B75" box="[475,631,292,314]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
</title>
</materialsCitation>
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1091E3AA5E04D10F35AD8564802C39A2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="description">
<paragraph id="5834B0215E04D10935AD856480913B17" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,406]" box="[151,429,322,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<bibRef id="812B24D75E04D10935AD856480913B17" box="[151,429,322,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="book">
<materialsCitation id="E8E3BA7C5E04D10935AD856480913B17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563874482" box="[151,429,322,344]" collectorName="Monniot C" country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" specimenCount="1">
<author id="803658C45E04D10935AD856480393B17" box="[151,261,322,344]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<collectorName id="F57ED5F75E04D10935AD856480393B17" box="[151,261,322,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Monniot C</collectorName>
</author>
<year id="2C23F1725E04D10934368564807D3B17" box="[268,321,322,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">1993</year>
,
<title id="2A8F5B175E04D1093471856480913B17" box="[331,429,322,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<collectingCountry id="209CF0B15E04D1093471856480913B17" box="[331,429,322,344]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</title>
</materialsCitation>
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5834B0215E04D10935AD8547802C3BD9" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<materialsCitation id="E8E3BA7C5E04D10935AD8547802C3BD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563874484" collectorName="Stations CP" location="MNHN" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="MNHN">
<collectorName id="F57ED5F75E04D10935AD854780323B38" box="[151,270,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Stations CP</collectorName>
4433,
<specimenCount id="4E8D7BA85E04D109346E854780ED3B38" box="[340,465,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectingRegion id="9A4F7EC35E04D10934E4854783113B38" box="[478,557,353,375]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">MNHN</collectingRegion>
P5 FIM 8); CP 4435,
<specimenCount id="4E8D7BA85E04D109362B854782B13B38" box="[785,909,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(P5 FIM 5 P5 FIM 6); CP 4436,
<specimenCount id="4E8D7BA85E04D10931CF8547844D3B38" box="[1269,1393,353,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(P5 FIM 7)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="0CF4E0A95E04D10935AD838A83CC3DAE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" targetBox="[179,1407,458,1939]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="5834B0215E04D10935AD838A83CC3DAE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E04D10935AD838A802E3D8E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1964,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9F8BCBA25E04D1093422838A80E93D8D" authorityName="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" authorityYear="1991" box="[280,469,1964,1986]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Fimbrora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calsubia">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E04D1093422838A80E93D8D" box="[280,469,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="531">Fimbrora calsubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A and B, ventral and dorsal sides of a specimen. C, neural area. D, detail of the ramified tissues of the posterior part of the abdomen stained with hemalum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0CF4E0A95E05D10835AD82CB800B3D6D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="532" targetBox="[151,1435,187,1751]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="5834B0215E05D10835AD82CB800B3D6D" blockId="3.[151,1435,1773,1826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E05D10835AD82CB802F3D4D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1773,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9F8BCBA25E05D108342082CB80E43D4C" authorityName="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" authorityYear="1991" box="[282,472,1773,1795]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Fimbrora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calsubia">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E05D108342082CB80E43D4C" box="[282,472,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">Fimbrora calsubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, branchial tissue stained with haemalum. B, body without tunic showing the atrial aperture. Scale bars 1cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5834B0215E05D10835AD836F80F83DBD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1865,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="9F8BCBA25E05D1083420836F80BA3D2D" authorityName="Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F." authorityYear="1991" box="[282,390,1865,1890]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Fimbrora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E05D1083420836F80BA3D2D" box="[282,390,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">Fimbrora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly belongs to the family Ascidiacea, exhibiting a branchial sac well developed with longitudinal vessels and true stigmata, although it may be confused with an
<taxonomicName id="9F8BCBA25E05D10836D7834B85B13DC9" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="1991" box="[1005,1165,1901,1926]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Octacnemidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Octacnemidae</taxonomicName>
at first look. The newly collected specimens corresponded well with previous observations reported for the single species described for the genus
<taxonomicName id="9F8BCBA25E05D10835DE839380873D81" authorityName="Monniot C &amp; Monniot F" authorityYear="1991" box="[228,443,1973,1998]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Fimbrora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calsubia">
<emphasis id="6AFF6C335E05D10835DE839380873D81" box="[228,443,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">Fimbrora calsubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and previously collected near
<collectingCountry id="209CF0B15E05D1083609839082DB3D81" box="[819,999,1973,1998]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(Monniot &amp; Monniot 1991a) and in
<collectingCountry id="209CF0B15E05D10835AD83FF80383DBD" box="[151,260,2009,2034]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="532">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(Monniot 1993).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5834B0215E02D10F35FD84B184A13BBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">
These large ascidians were attached to stones by a wide basal disk covered with dense filaments (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F303E84B1847E3AFF" box="[1284,1346,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fimbrora calsubia. A and B, ventral and dorsal sides of a specimen. C, neural area. D, detail of the ramified tissues of the posterior part of the abdomen stained with hemalum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). The tunic is transparent and thin on the oral lobes but thicker basally. The total body length reaches
<quantity id="9F731DC45E02D10F31DF849A840C3A9B" box="[1253,1328,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="533" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
. The oral aperture is a wide funnel with the free edge prolonged by numerous thread-like lobes (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F31BD84F985F43AB7" box="[1159,1224,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fimbrora calsubia. A and B, ventral and dorsal sides of a specimen. C, neural area. D, detail of the ramified tissues of the posterior part of the abdomen stained with hemalum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B). A complex system of blood vessels can be seen through the transparent oral siphon as previously described and depicted (Monniot &amp; Monniot 1991a). The tunic adheres to the body wall on the oral siphon but not on the abdominal region where a large cavity appears between the abdomen and the base of the body attached to the substrate. This cavity seems empty, but this may be due to strong contraction of the specimens fixed in ethanol. On the inner side of this posterior sac-like tunic protrude some ramified opaque tissue growth with no differentiated structure (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F302385B284683BE2" box="[1305,1364,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fimbrora calsubia. A and B, ventral and dorsal sides of a specimen. C, neural area. D, detail of the ramified tissues of the posterior part of the abdomen stained with hemalum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig.1</figureCitation>
B) but stainable with haemalum (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F34FA8591833C3B9F" box="[448,512,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fimbrora calsubia. A and B, ventral and dorsal sides of a specimen. C, neural area. D, detail of the ramified tissues of the posterior part of the abdomen stained with hemalum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D); three to four of these structures are present in all specimens. The atrial siphon opens as a simple hole with a smooth rim on the dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F360185FA82423BBB" box="[827,894,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,187,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,187,1752]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fimbrora calsubia. A, branchial tissue stained with haemalum. B, body without tunic showing the atrial aperture. Scale bars 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B) near the neural area, slightly on the right side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5834B0215E02D10F35FD85D982B83912" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">
The musculature on the oral funnel comprises annular fibres at the edge of the thread-like lobes, and radial fibres crossing this ring become thinner when prolonged on the sides of the siphon. A strong sphincter surrounds the mouth aperture. Crossed muscular fibres enclose the abdominal part. Numerous short filiform tentacles arise from the mouth entrance. The neural ganglion (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F3792864A83DB38CB" box="[680,743,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1407,458,1939]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fimbrora calsubia. A and B, ventral and dorsal sides of a specimen. C, neural area. D, detail of the ramified tissues of the posterior part of the abdomen stained with hemalum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C) and the small neural gland are enclosed together in a small “V” of the prepharyngeal band. From the point of this “V” start two rapheal crests uniting posteriorly in a single lamina that increases in height to reach the bottom of the branchial sac (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F36F0869285323883" box="[970,1038,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,187,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,187,1752]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fimbrora calsubia. A, branchial tissue stained with haemalum. B, body without tunic showing the atrial aperture. Scale bars 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). The branchial tissue is thin and flat (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F35F586F1802938BF" box="[207,277,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,187,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,187,1752]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fimbrora calsubia. A, branchial tissue stained with haemalum. B, body without tunic showing the atrial aperture. Scale bars 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) and is attached to the body wall by a few, thick strong bridles. There is an average of 45 to 50 longitudinal vessels on each side. The transverse vessels are different sizes with an irregular pattern (
<figureCitation id="C0B0ACA45E02D10F303E86DA8474395B" box="[1284,1352,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,187,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,187,1752]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fimbrora calsubia. A, branchial tissue stained with haemalum. B, body without tunic showing the atrial aperture. Scale bars 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/807975/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Ten to twelve elongated stigmata can be counted between two successive longitudinal vessels. No stained cells that would suggest the presence of ciliae appeared around the stigmata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5834B0215E02D10F35FD8741802C39A2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">
The different parts of the gut loop formed a dense mass and were not individualized. The gonad is massive and attached to the gut and no gonoducts were observed. The morphology of this newly collected species corresponded well to previous observations and does not vary across distant geographic locations from
<collectingCountry id="209CF0B15E02D10F31F1878984043987" box="[1227,1336,943,968]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="209CF0B15E02D10F305D8796803139A2" name="New Caledonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="533">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>