185 lines
21 KiB
XML
185 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="882BA0D86746B2EA2E2B393E14160125" ID-CLB-Dataset="100956" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6867065" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d520847-5163-4b5c-87bf-2cdceb781098" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867065" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1658256599114" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="CE199B17FFFDFFF8FA38641EF90FF558" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Cercopithecidae_0550.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Cercopithecus lomamiensis Hart, Detwiler, Gilbert, Burrell, Fuller, Emetshu, Hart, Vosper, Sargis & Tosi 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="687" masterDocId="3220E36FFFC1FFC4FF596510FFB7FFFC" masterDocTitle="Cercopithecidae" masterLastPageNumber="755" masterPageNumber="550" pageNumber="687" updateTime="1699359875441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6F3AD491280EB92CAE22209286B9FF50">
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<mods:title id="90166A1DF5F69AF372CBA7FD5C314EAC">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FEB63B291BC0196A54F1F34B592D0FEB">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F0A6F94F29F876DB9D8C8B267899E11">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3DA939AC4D2FAC93E2D15CFCBC810413">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="426949A4BEF9709B042812A690218CBB">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="FA934499B417A4486781E7A18A4DF8DB">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="8B253E32EA090E92CA0A1A1A71FDBE73">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="20484913FEBABEA5038960C6F3FFE570">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FFFDFFF8FA38641EF90FF558" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863297" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FFFDFFF8FA38641EF90FF558" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FFFDFFF8FA38641EF90FF558" lastPageNumber="687" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA38641EFA2EFEBC" box="[1377,1433,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA38641EFA2EFEBC" blockId="60.[1374,2354,270,366]" box="[1377,1433,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFFDFFF8FA38641EFA2EFEBC" box="[1377,1433,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FFFDFFF8FA38641EFA2EFEBC" box="[1377,1433,270,320]" captionStart="Plate 43: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="60.[92,122,3402,3427]" captionTargetBox="[16,2748,18,3642]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="69. Owl-faced Monkey (Cercopithecus hamlyni), 70. Lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis), 71. Spot-nosed Monkey (Cercopithecus petaurista), 72. Red-bellied Monkey (Cercopithecus erythrogaster), 73. Sclater’s Monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), 74. Red-eared Monkey (Cercopithecus erythrotis), 75. Mustached Monkey (Cercopithecus cephus), 76. Red-tailed Monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867449/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">70.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FAF3641EF986FEBC" box="[1450,1585,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FAF3641EF986FEBC" blockId="60.[1374,2354,270,366]" box="[1450,1585,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFFDFFF8FAF3641EF986FEBC" box="[1450,1585,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFFDFFF8FAF3641EF986FEBC" box="[1450,1585,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Lesula</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8F93E641EF7F9FEBC" box="[1639,2126,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8F93E641EF7F9FEBC" blockId="60.[1374,2354,270,366]" box="[1639,2126,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFFDFFF8F93E641EF7F9FEBC" box="[1639,2126,270,320]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F93E641EF7F9FEBC" ID-CoL="STF9" authorityName="Hart, Detwiler, Gilbert, Burrell, Fuller, Emetshu, Hart, Vosper, Sargis & Tosi" authorityYear="2012" box="[1639,2126,270,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lomamiensis">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8F93E641EF7F9FEBC" box="[1639,2126,270,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Cercopithecus lomamiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA066443F686FE94" box="[1375,2353,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA066443F686FE94" blockId="60.[1374,2354,270,366]" box="[1375,2353,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFFFDFFF8FA066443F686FE94" box="[1375,2353,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA066443FA1BFE94" bold="true" box="[1375,1452,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFFDFFF8FAEC6443F930FE94" box="[1461,1671,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Cercopithéque lesula</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8F9C46443F94FFE94" bold="true" box="[1693,1784,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFFDFFF8F85B6443F874FE94" box="[1794,1987,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Lomami-Meerkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8F8816443F784FE94" bold="true" box="[2008,2099,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFFFDFFF8F7656443F686FE94" box="[2108,2353,339,360]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Cercopiteco del Lomami</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8F89E648BF743FE23" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8F89E648BF743FE23" blockId="60.[1990,2578,411,833]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8F89E648BF7D5FE44" bold="true" box="[1991,2146,411,440]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F7DF648BF758FE23" ID-CoL="STF9" authorityName="Hart, Detwiler, Gilbert, Burrell, Fuller, Emetshu, Hart, Vosper, Sargis & Tosi" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lomamiensis">Cercopithecus lomamiensis J. A. Hart et al, 2012</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8F65E64D2F6BAFDA9" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8F65E64D2F6BAFDA9" blockId="60.[1990,2578,411,833]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFFFDFFF8F65E64D2F6BAFDA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421380" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">West Bank of Lomami River (S 1-02237° to S 1-4280°, E 24-42368° to E 25-03843°), Democratic Republic of the Congo.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8F89E674CF789FC73" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8F89E674CF789FC73" blockId="60.[1990,2578,411,833]" lastBlockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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Morphological and molecular data show that C.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F7666793F76FFD58" authorityName="Hart, Detwiler, Gilbert, Burrell, Fuller, Emetshu, Hart, Vosper, Sargis & Tosi" authorityYear="2012" box="[2111,2264,643,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lomamiensis">lomamiensis</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to, but distinct from,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F79267BBF6E0FD30" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1907" box="[2251,2391,683,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamlyni">C. hamlyni</taxonomicName>
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. Aspects that are shared with
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F7F167C2F684FD0F" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1907" box="[2216,2355,722,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamlyni">C. hamlyni</taxonomicName>
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and distinguish them from other guenons include a distinctive skull shape, a prominent facial mane on the cheeks and crown of both sexes, a white-to-cream nose stripe, and boomcall choruses given in the early morning. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA046686FA50FBAF" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FFFDFFF8FA046686FA50FBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867235/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" targetBox="[1377,1958,419,826]" targetPageId="60">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA046686FA50FBAF" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA046686F9A7FC4B" bold="true" box="[1373,1552,918,951]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Distribution.</emphasis>
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EC Congo Basin in DR Congo, from the upper Tshuapa River (24° E) in the Sankuru District of Kasai Oriental Province to the Lomami River (25° E) in Maniema and Orientale provinces in the E; the N limits are unclear, but it apparently does not occur N of 1° S; in the S,its range extends the limits of the forest at c.3°30°S.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA05614FF6A5F9D1" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA05614FF6A5F9D1" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA05614FF9EDFB80" bold="true" box="[1372,1626,1119,1148]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 47-65 cm (males, n = 2), tail 65-78 cm (males, n = 2); weight 4.7-1 kg (males); no measurements available for adult females. Diagnostic features of the Lesula are a mane of long grizzled blond hairs, framing a pale, naked, pinkish face and muzzle, with a distinct white-to-creamy nose stripe. Hairs over back are banded buff or amber with black. There is a prominent rufous-to-amber median stripe on distal half to one-third of back that extends onto base of tail. Tail is otherwise black. Anterior two-thirds of dorsum, including head and mane, is buff. Chin, throat, and upper ventrum are yellowish buff, contrasting with black lower ventrum and abdomen. Fur on shoulders and forelimbs is black. Face, circumocular region, and eyelids are pinkish. There is a buff diadem. Upper half of thighsis silvery-gray, the remainder is black. Hands and feet are black. Adult male Lesulas have a large, bright, pale-blue patch of skin on their perineum and buttocks. Scrotum is pale blue.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA026324F99BF90D" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA026324F99BF90D" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA026324FA7DF9A9" bold="true" box="[1371,1482,1588,1621]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mature terra firma evergreen humid forests, including mixed forests and forests dominated by
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F9C9634BF8D7F980" box="[1680,1888,1627,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gilbertiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gilbertiodendron</taxonomicName>
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dewevrei (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F8B0634BF7C6F980" box="[2025,2161,1627,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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), at elevations of 400-715 m. The Lesula is sometimes found in regenerating forest around settlements. It does not enter seasonally inundated forest or gallery forest in savannas in the southern part of its distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA0363E9F6A1F8BD" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA0363E9F6A1F8BD" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA0363E9F9D4F8E6" bold="true" box="[1370,1635,1785,1818]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Lesula eats leaf petioles, ripe and unripe fruits, flower buds, and meristems of two species of terrestrial herbaceous
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F7056234F6A5F8BD" box="[2140,2322,1828,1857]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA036257F728F894" box="[1370,2207,1863,1896]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA036257F728F894" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" box="[1370,2207,1863,1896]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA036257FA57F894" bold="true" box="[1370,1504,1863,1896]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA01627FF743F84B" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA01627FF743F84B" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA01627FF9F0F86C" bold="true" box="[1368,1607,1903,1936]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but the Lesula, like the Owl-faced Monkey (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F80A6286F85FF84B" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1907" box="[1875,2024,1942,1975]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamlyni">C. hamlyni</taxonomicName>
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), is semi-terrestrial.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA0062AEF7CEF6BD" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA0062AEF7CEF6BD" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA0062AEF7A8F823" bold="true" box="[1369,2079,1982,2015]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Lesula is not uncommon but is difficult to see, It was detected by researchers mainly by boom calls given as a dawn chorus,as is the habit of the closely related Owl-faced Monkey. Lesulas rarely produce these calls during the day, but sometimes at night. When seen, groups number 1-5 individuals. In eleven of 19 encounters, they were with groups of other primates: Wolf's Monkeys (C.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F94E6D93F9EEF758" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1891" box="[1559,1625,2179,2212]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfi">wolfi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Red-tailed Monkeys (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F8F96D93F78EF758" authorityName="Audebert" authorityYear="1799" box="[1952,2105,2179,2212]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Cercopithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ascanius">C. ascanius</taxonomicName>
|
||
katangae), or Tshuapa Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8F69A6D93FA3FF730" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FFFDFFF8FAC66DBFF911F730" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[1439,1702,2223,2252]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">Piliocolobus tholloni</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A little more than one-third of the individuals seen were on the ground, on some occasions scavenging food items dropped by monkeys foraging above them. In one observed encounter a crowned hawk-eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus) attacked and fatally wound a subadult female Lesula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA006C58F5BFF581" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA006C58F5BFF581" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA006C58F90BF695" bold="true" box="[1369,1724,2376,2409]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. The Lesula has not been assessed on The IUCN Red List. The team that discovered and described the Lesula carried out a preliminary assessment and indicated that it should be classified as Vulnerable. The region where it occurs is restricted, and the extent of occurrence is believed to be c.17,000 km?. This area is remote, and forests remain largely intact. Hunting for subsistence and the bushmeat market (Kindu and Kisangani) since the turn of the century is the main threat. The Lesula is protected in Réserve Naturelle de Sankuru, which along with a proposed national park would cover a large part ofits natural distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFFFDFFF8FA016F9FF90FF558" box="[1368,1720,2703,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FFFDFFF8FA016F9FF90FF558" blockId="60.[1368,2577,847,2724]" box="[1368,1720,2703,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FFFDFFF8FA016F9FFA45F558" bold="true" box="[1368,1522,2703,2724]" pageId="60" pageNumber="687">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Hart et al. (2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |