200 lines
22 KiB
XML
200 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="20ADD02F05081E17FFEFE7C73AB2F702">
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<mods:title id="11FA7AA8A7EC091D04B4FFA5BDD4DC68">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="38C6869795B84D0A4D3D9CDEF6FF5D23" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B135A4B7E828BDEE4CD138D005862BB5">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5747BCCDDF8E3E39B2975EB3B76A197A">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8FF3A780709E8627C0CE4AACB3054EB0">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="8E788B318BC421657A9D4DBA69166CC6">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D2014CC6163C8C7233A74A02E5A7617F" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="89AB7CF71F9CB6C4A6A87A721E217080">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="3793DEEB5E2AC68AC3AA12FCE587B5B1">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="94C73494FDB8EB8606DEF179B1E40EC2">
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<mods:title id="32830D49BF2B6762B43C876AE62E94FF">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF92FF90FA316EC7FBA0F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF92FF90FA316EC7FBA0F86E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF92FF90FA316EC7FBA0F86E" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="712" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97FA316EC7FA00F3F9" box="[1384,1463,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97FA316EC7FA00F3F9" blockId="83.[1378,2362,3031,3157]" box="[1384,1463,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF92FF97FA316EC7FA00F3F9" box="[1384,1463,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF92FF97FA316EC7FA00F3F9" box="[1384,1463,3031,3077]" captionStart="Plate 46: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="77.[99,129,3331,3356]" captionTargetBox="[14,2746,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="87. Upper Guinea Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius), 88. Temminck’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus temmincki), 89. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae), 90. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirku), 91. Udzungwa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), 92. Pennant’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii), 93. Bouvier’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus bouvieri), 94. Niger Delta Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), 95. Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi), 96. Tana River Red Colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), 97. Semliki Red Colobus (Piliocolobus semlikiensis), 98. Foa’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus foai), 99. Lang’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus langi), 100. Oustalet’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus oustaleti), 101. Lomami Red Colobus (Piliocolobus parmentieri), 102. Ashy Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), 103. Tshuapa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tholloni), 104. Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus)" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">103.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97FA9E6EC7F839F3F9" box="[1479,1934,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97FA9E6EC7F839F3F9" blockId="83.[1378,2362,3031,3157]" box="[1479,1934,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF92FF97FA9E6EC7F839F3F9" box="[1479,1934,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF92FF97FA9E6EC7F839F3F9" box="[1479,1934,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Tshuapa Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97F88A6EC7F68EF3F9" box="[2003,2361,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97F88A6EC7F68EF3F9" blockId="83.[1378,2362,3031,3157]" box="[2003,2361,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF92FF97F88A6EC7F68EF3F9" box="[2003,2361,3031,3077]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F88A6EC7F68EF3F9" ID-CoL="4HTR4" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[2003,2361,3031,3077]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF92FF97F88A6EC7F68EF3F9" box="[2003,2361,3031,3077]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Piliocolobus tholloni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97FA3D6907F8F5F3AF" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97FA3D6907F6B8F3D0" blockId="83.[1378,2362,3031,3157]" box="[1380,2319,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF92FF97FA3D6907F6B8F3D0" box="[1380,2319,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF92FF97FA3D6907FA06F3D0" bold="true" box="[1380,1457,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF92FF97FAE36907F9DAF3D0" box="[1466,1645,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Colobe de Thollon</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF92FF97F9DA6907F969F3D0" bold="true" box="[1667,1758,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF92FF97F9BE6907F80FF3D0" box="[1767,1976,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Thollon-Stummelaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF92FF97F8946907F79FF3D0" bold="true" box="[1997,2088,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF92FF97F76B6907F6B8F3D0" box="[2098,2319,3095,3116]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Colobo rojo del Congo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97FA3A692EF8F5F3AF" blockId="83.[1378,2362,3031,3157]" box="[1379,1858,3134,3155]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF92FF97FA3A692EF8F5F3AF" box="[1379,1858,3134,3155]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF92FF97FA3A692EF9EDF3AF" bold="true" box="[1379,1626,3134,3155]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF92FF97F93A692EF8F5F3AF" box="[1635,1858,3134,3155]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Thollon's Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97FA3A6991F7B3F35E" box="[1379,2052,3201,3234]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97FA3A6991F7B3F35E" blockId="83.[1378,2583,3201,3480]" box="[1379,2052,3201,3234]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF92FF97FA3A6991FA49F35E" bold="true" box="[1379,1534,3201,3234]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F9556991F7B7F35E" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1886" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[1548,2048,3201,3234]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">Colobus tholloni Milne-Edwards, 1886</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97F7566991FA5AF335" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97F7566991FA5AF335" blockId="83.[1378,2583,3201,3480]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF92FF97F7566991FA5AF335" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421326" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">Democratic Republic of Congo, Lower Congo.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF92FF97FA3D69C0F6B2F271" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF92FF97FA3D69C0F6B2F271" blockId="83.[1378,2583,3201,3480]" pageId="83" pageNumber="711">
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Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either divide the red colobus and the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F93169E7F96DF2E4" box="[1640,1754,3319,3352]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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into two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F88F69E7F7DEF2E4" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2006,2153,3319,3352]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F7E869E7F681F2E4" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2225,2358,3319,3352]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, respectively, or consider them to belong to one genus,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F8C46837F796F2BC" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[1949,2081,3367,3392]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, with two subgenera (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F6056837F653F2BC" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2396,2532,3367,3392]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97FAB4685AF9E8F29B" box="[1517,1631,3402,3431]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF92FF97F9F1685AF88BF29B" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[1704,1852,3402,3431]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="83" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the red colobus). We follow here C. P. Groves in his publications of 2001 and 2007 in using two genera. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FC7B6431FC8FFDFB" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF95FF90FC7B6431FC8FFDFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867309/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" targetBox="[188,770,302,709]" targetPageId="84">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FC7B6431FC8FFDFB" blockId="84.[801,1389,289,716]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FC7B6431FC65FEBE" bold="true" box="[802,978,289,322]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Distribution.</emphasis>
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DR Congo E of the Congo River and S of the great bend of the river, the E limit is not the Lualaba Riveritself, but rather the Lomami River, and bounded by the Kasai and Sankuru rivers in the S.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FC7B671DFD06FB59" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FC7B671DFD06FB59" blockId="84.[801,1389,289,716]" lastBlockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FC7B671DFB91FDD2" bold="true" box="[802,1062,525,558]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body c.64 cm (males) and 58-60 cm (females), tail c.63 cm (males) and 41-69 cm (females); no specific data are available for body weight. On the basis of only three specimens, the Tshuapa Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FD4A67C2FD32FD0F" box="[531,645,722,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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seems to be a rather large species, with a very short tail.
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FFAF67EAFE91FCE7" box="[246,294,762,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Guereza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fur">Fur</taxonomicName>
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is uniformly foxy-red above, although somewhat darker on shoulders and tail, and creamy-white below. Crown is light bay to mahogany. Circumfacial hair is short and black, with only posterior parts of cheeks light-colored like underparts. Legs are orange-rufous, paler than arms, and hands, feet, and tail tip are dark to black. There are long black tufts at the base ofthe tail. Hairs at the sides ofthe tail-base develop into along “panache” (tuft). Face is slaty, with a trace of pale on eyelids and lips. Ischial callosities are pink or slaty. Like other East Central African red colobus, mtDNA analysis shows unexpected heterogeneity; specimens from the same locality show very divergent mitochondrial lineages. Skull of the Tshuapa Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FC846125FBF8FBAA" box="[989,1103,1077,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is distinctively long and narrow, small-toothed, and very prognathous, with a large sagittal crest, which is more extensive than in other forms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE061BCFC3EFB31" box="[185,905,1196,1229]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE061BCFC3EFB31" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" box="[185,905,1196,1229]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE061BCFE9FFB31" bold="true" box="[185,296,1196,1229]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lowland flooded moist primary rainforest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE061C3FDD4FAE7" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE061C3FDD4FAE7" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE061C3FE08FB08" bold="true" box="[185,447,1235,1268]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Tshuapa Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FD9661C3FCF6FB08" box="[719,833,1235,1268]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
eats mostly young leaves, but seeds can be a substantial part of its diet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE06031FD37FA96" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE06031FD37FA96" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE06031FE88FABE" bold="true" box="[185,319,1313,1346]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The female Tshuapa Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FDEB6031FC93FABE" box="[690,804,1313,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays a substantial pink sexual swelling during the periovulatory period.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE16060FBC3FA6D" box="[184,1140,1392,1425]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE16060FBC3FA6D" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" box="[184,1140,1392,1425]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE16060FE14FA6D" bold="true" box="[184,419,1392,1425]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tshuapa Red Colobusis diurnal and arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE3608CFDC3F9F4" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE3608CFDC3F9F4" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE3608CFCC2FA45" bold="true" box="[186,885,1436,1465]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tshuapa Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FBDB608CFB43FA45" box="[1154,1268,1436,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been studied in the wild and very little is known about it. Groups of more than 60 individuals have been reported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE36302FC8CF896" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE36302FC8CF896" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE36302FDABF9D3" bold="true" box="[186,540,1554,1583]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red Lust (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FEE96325FD6CF9AA" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[432,731,1589,1622]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufomitratus">Procolobus rufomitratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FDBD6325FCFEF9AA" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[740,841,1589,1622]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tholloni">tholloni</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Tshuapa Red Colobusis believed to have undergone a population decline on the order of 20-25% over the last three generations, due mainly to intensive hunting (particularly during the period of the Congo War, 1996-2003). Habitat loss for timber and agricultural land likely affects some populations locally. Further research into hunting may reveal that the Tshuapa Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF95FF90FFA463EAFED8F8E7" box="[253,367,1786,1819]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
could qualify as Vulnerable, especially because it is more heavily hunted than many of the other primates in the Congo Basin. It occurs in Salonga National Park and Tayna Gorilla Reserve in DR Congo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF95FF90FFE2626DFBA0F86E" box="[187,1047,1917,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF95FF90FFE2626DFBA0F86E" blockId="84.[184,1392,722,1938]" box="[187,1047,1917,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF95FF90FFE2626DFEE2F86E" bold="true" box="[187,341,1917,1938]" pageId="84" pageNumber="712">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Groves (2001, 2007b), Grubb et al. (2003), Maisels et al. (1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |