647 lines
56 KiB
XML
647 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2628832-d8e2-455d-8433-f917e18d85a6" ID-PMC="PMC3272634" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-165-57" ID-PubMed="22328857" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-165-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 165" ModsDocTitle="Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data" checkinTime="1451249373989" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aguila, Rayner Nunez, Plasencia, Edelquis Oliva, Maravi, Pavel F. Matos & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2012" docId="B9A7CFBAE028D678EF4029585625AAB1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 165: 57-105" docOrigin="ZooKeys 165" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206" docTitle="Calisto herophile Huebner 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="52029A0E40542146FF88424EDE12F510" masterDocTitle="Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668153189678" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aguila, Rayner Nunez</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Plasencia, Edelquis Oliva</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maravi, Pavel F. Matos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>165</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>105</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-165-57</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9A7CFBAE028D678EF4029585625AAB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9A7CFBAE028D678EF4029585625AAB1" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Calisto_herophile" authority="Huebner, 1823" authorityName="Huebner" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">
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Calisto herophile
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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, 1823
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–243139475556–596690–">-243139475556-596690-</normalizedToken>
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99
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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1823: 16, Gundlach 1881: 111, Lathy 1899: 223,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dethier, VG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="14 - 26" title="Life histories of Cuban Lepidoptera." volume="47" year="1940">Dethier 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Satyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Satyrus herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Satyrus herophile</taxonomicName>
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Poey, 1847: 179
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile subsp. herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="herophile" subSpecies="herophile">Calisto herophile herophile</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bates, M" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="229 - 248" title="The satyrid genus Calisto." volume="8" year="1935">Bates 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 242,
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<bibRefCitation author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 6" title="A review of the genus Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyridae)." volume="1236" year="1943">Michener 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 6,
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<bibRefCitation author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 3" title="Sympatric species of Calisto in Cuba (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae)." volume="1391" year="1949">Michener 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 1,
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe, EG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="211 - 241" title="The systematics of Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae), with remarks on the evolutionary and zoogeographic significance of the genus." volume="58" year="1950">Munroe 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 225,
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<bibRefCitation author="Torre, SL de la" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 70" title="Datos taxonomicos sobre lepidopteros, con notas sobre algunas species cubanas, segunda parte." volume="21" year="1952">Torre 1952</bibRefCitation>
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: 62,
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<bibRefCitation author="Torre, SL de la" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" pagination="113 - 128" title="An annotated listo of the butterflies and skippers of Cuba (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)." volume="62" year="1954">Torre 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 120,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Torre 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 12,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Brown and Heineman 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 51,
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<bibRefCitation author="Alayo, P" journalOrPublisher="Cientifico-Tecnica, La Habana" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" title="Atlas de las mariposas diurnas de Cuba (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)." year="1987">
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Alayo and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
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1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 39,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Schwartz and Hedges 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 136,
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" title="The Butterflies of the West Indies and South Florida." year="1994">Smith et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 56,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 2007,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nunez, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="46 - 58" title="Rediscovery of Calisto israeli Torre, with nomenclatural notes on the larger species of Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)." volume="2087" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 56
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
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can be separated by its similar congeners in several ways. From
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smintheus">Calisto smintheus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto brochei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brochei">Calisto brochei</taxonomicName>
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,it differs, among other features, by its paler background
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="83" start="start">color</pageBreakToken>
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at both sides of wings, the inconspicuousness of its androconial patch and its less sclerotized male genitalia with a shorter uncus and less sinuous aedeagus. From
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto muripetens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">Calisto muripetens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto occulta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">Calisto occulta</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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,it differs by having four white dots and paler coloration. Differences with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bruneri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">Calisto bruneri</taxonomicName>
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are detailed in the Diagnosis section of that species. It is also similar the Bahamian
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto sibylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibylla">Calisto sibylla</taxonomicName>
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but smaller, 14-21 mm of FWL versus 23 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto sibylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibylla">Calisto sibylla</taxonomicName>
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which also lacks the red in cell at the UNFW present in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
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. The Hispaniolan
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto confusa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">Calisto confusa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto hysius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hysius">Calisto hysius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto obscura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Calisto obscura</taxonomicName>
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although similar in size are darker,and have straighter white edged lines at the UNHW. Other Hispaniolan species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto pauli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauli">Calisto pauli</taxonomicName>
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, is similar in size and pattern but has different genitalia including a larger and flattened uncus in males and a terminal production in the dorsal crown of the female genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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FWL: 14-19 mm ♂, 17-21 mm ♀. Male UP of wings dark brown at basal area more or less defined by UN pdl, area outer to pdl distinctly paler (Fig. 22). Androconial patch indistinct in fresh specimens, approximately triangular with apex slightly angled, anterior margin not surpassing posterior margin of cell, about two fifths the length of FW (Fig. 39). Female UP of wings as in male but distinctly paler (Fig. 23). UNHW background pale brown heavily mixed with pale yellow scales (Figs 24, 31). Post discal area on UNHW with four two white dots at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rs–M">Rs-M</normalizedToken>
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1, M1-M2, M2-M3, M3-Cu1 interspaces, the last one, and occasionally the first one too, smaller and sometimes absent in rubbed specimens. Male genitalia with tegumen about two thirds the length of uncus, nearly straight, posterior end rounded (Fig. 47); uncus broad at basal half, tapering gradually from the middle toward apex, arched at apical third; digitiform projection of valvae with ventral margin straight; aedeagus only slightly sinuated in dorsal view, with two small left curves at apical half. Female genitalia with dorsal crown tall (Fig. 55); corpus bursae somewhat broad, about 0.6 the length of ductus bursae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 90-97. Immature stages of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile subsp. herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="herophile" subSpecies="herophile">Calisto h. herophile</taxonomicName>
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. 90 First instar 91 Fourth instar 92 Fifth instar, pale morph 93 Fifth instar, dark morph 94 Fifth instar head capsule, scale bar 1 mm. 95 Pupa, lateral view 96 Pupa, ventral view 97 Pupa, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 98-99. Predation on
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile subsp. herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="herophile" subSpecies="herophile">Calisto h. herophile</taxonomicName>
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98 Predation by a crab spider,
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<taxonomicName family="Thomisidae" lsidName="" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" rank="family">Thomisidae</taxonomicName>
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, November 2008 at La Chata, La Habana province 99 Predation by a mantis nymph,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Stagmomantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagmomantis domingensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domingensis">Stagmomantis domingensis</taxonomicName>
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, July 2009 at Pan de Matanzas, Matanzas province.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="83" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Holotype♂: Cuba, Havannah. Location unknown, not examined.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" type="additional material">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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148 ♂, 76 ♀. Pinar del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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: Pinares de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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200 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.583334">22°35'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.71139">82°42'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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, V/1963, P. Alayo & I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, genitalia in glycerin, slide RNA 223(legs & labial palpus) (1 ♂); Rangel 400 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.75">22°45'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.183334">83°11'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2/XI/1966, I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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& S. L. de la Torre (4 ♂); same data as for anterior except I.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
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, slide RNA196(wings) (1 ♀); same locality and collector as for anterior 21/VII/1967 (9 ♂, 6 ♀); same locality as for anterior, R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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& E. Oliva, 19-20/IV/2009, ex ova, emerged 19/VI/2009 (2 ♂); same data as for anterior except emerged 20/VI/2009 (1 ♀); 22/VI/2009 (1 ♂); 23/VI/2009 (1 ♀); 26/VI/2009 (1 ♂);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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150 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.616388">22°36'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.70777">82°42'28"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 21/VII/1967 (6 ♂); same locality as for anterior, X/1985, J. L. Fontenla (2 ♂); Valle de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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, 9/I/1974, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Castiñeiras">Castineiras</normalizedToken>
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(1 ♂); carretera a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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km 22 200 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.574722">22°34'29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.70305">82°42'11"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 14/I/1974, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Castiñeiras">Castineiras</normalizedToken>
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(1 ♀). Mayabeque: Jaruco, Cueva Don Martin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.0">23°00'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.01667">82°01'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 4/V/1966 (5 ♂); La Habana (currently Artemisa),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guajaibón">Guajaibon</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
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a Mariel,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.016666">23°01'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.68111">82°40'52"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25/V/1967 (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, X/2007, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, DNA voucher PM07-07 (M008) (1 ♀); Pinar del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
(currently Artemisa), Sierra del Rosario, III/1968, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂); Pinar del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
(currently Artemisa), Sierra del Rosario, alrededores
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
180 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.85">22°51'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.93139">82°55'53"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1-10/X/2007, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="84" start="start">Sierra</pageBreakToken>
|
||
del Rosario, El Mulo 200 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.858055">22°51'29"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.94833">82°56'54"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10/X/2007, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂). Isla de La Juventud: Isla de Pinos (currently Isla de La Juventud), Cerro San Pedro 150 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.713057">21°42'47"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.863884">82°51'50"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20/X/1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2 ♂); Habana (currently Isla de La Juventud), Isla de Pinos (currently Isla de La Juventud), 30/X/1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(7 ♂, 7 ♀). Habana: Cerro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="23.1075">23°06'27"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.388885">82°23'20"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9/I/1934 (1 ♂); Arroyo Naranjo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.016666">23°01'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.36667">82°22'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 August 1935, L. C. Scaramuzza (1 ♀); Santiago de Las Vegas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.966667">22°58'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.38333">82°23'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15/VIII/1935, S. C. Bruner, genitalia in glycerin (1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 5 Marzo 1946, J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrás">Ferras</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂); same data as for anterior except 19 March 1948 (2 ♂); Cotorro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.033333">23°02'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.26667">82°16'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1/XII/1947, J. T. Sierra (1 ♂). Mayabeque: Matanzas (currently Mayabeque), 5 km W Ceiba Mocha 150 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.980556">22°58'50"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.77334">81°46'24"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8/IX/1940, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂); La Habana (currently Mayabeque), Madruga, La Jiquima 125 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.899445">22°53'58"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.84278">81°50'34"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5/X/1948, S. L. de la Torre & J. Ortiz (1 ♀). Matanzas: Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prácticos">Practicos</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="23.043612">23°02'37"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.575554">81°34'32"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23/VII/1940, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂); Playa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="23.043612">23°02'37"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.575554">81°34'32"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11/V/1942, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 16/VI/1942, slide RNA242(wings) (1 ♂); same data as for anterior except 29/VIII/1947 (1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 6/X/1947 (1 ♂); same data as for anterior except 26/VIII/1948 (1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 27/VIII/1948 (1 ♂); same data as for anterior except 6/XI/1948 (2 ♂); km 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vía">Via</normalizedToken>
|
||
Blanca, Playa Mamey,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="23.051666">23°03'06"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.49472">81°29'41"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 6/VII/1953, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♀); Varadero, Varahicacos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="23.194443">23°11'40"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.15445">81°09'16"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 17/VI/2008, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide RNA218(wings), DNA voucher PM15-04 (2 ♂). Cienfuegos: Las Villas (currently Cienfuegos), Escambray, Mina Carlota 450 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.065277">22°03'55"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-80.16056">80°09'38"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15/VI/1967, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin, slides RNA207(legs & labial palpus)/206(wings) (3 ♂, 2 ♀); Las Villas (currently Cienfuegos), Escambray, Buenos Aires 700 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.986944">21°59'13"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-80.18889">80°11'20"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16/VI/1967, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin, slides RNA182(androconial scales)/203(legs & labial palpus)/226/232(wings) (9 ♂, 4 ♀); Escambray, Charco Hediondo a 10 km de Aguacate, VIII/1978, L. R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂). Villa Clara: Mordazo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.641388">22°38'29"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-80.44945">80°26'58"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, V/1934 (1 ♀). Sancti Spiritus: Trinidad, La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vigía">Vigia</normalizedToken>
|
||
200 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.813334">21°48'48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.97611">79°58'34"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 15/VI/1967 (1 ♂).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camagüey">Camagueey</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camagüey">Camagueey</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.380833">21°22'51"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-77.91694">77°55'01"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23/IX/1967, S. L. de la Torre (6 ♂).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Holguín">Holguin</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Ote (currently
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Holguín">Holguin</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Pinares de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mayarí">Mayari</normalizedToken>
|
||
800 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.46889">20°28'8"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.814445">75°48'52"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16/X/1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(10 ♂, 5 ♀); same locality as for anterior, VI/1967, P. Alayo (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Moa, El Johnson 300 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.593445">20°35'36.4"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.98608">74°59'9.9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5/I/1968, S. L. de la Torre, slide RNA 167(wings) (1 ♂); same data as for anterior except 6/I/1968 (1 ♂); Moa, Quemado del Negro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.61111">22°36'40"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.82278">74°49'22"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 6/I/1968, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 7/I/1968, slide RNA281(legs & labial palpus) (3 ♂, 3 ♀);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mayarí">Mayari</normalizedToken>
|
||
, camino de La Zoilita 250 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.633333">20°38'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.48333">75°29'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, IX/1986, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia in glycerin (2 ♂);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mayarí">Mayari</normalizedToken>
|
||
, El Purio,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.6625">20°39'45"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.515274">75°30'55"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, IX/1986, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♀ in glicerin, slide RNA220(wings) (2 ♂, 2 ♀);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaguaní">Jaguani</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Arroyo Bueno o La Melba 200 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.439999">20°26'24"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.81278">74°48'46"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VIII/2001, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂, 1 ♀); antiguo campamento minero Meseta de El Toldo 815 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.459723">20°27'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.898056">74°53'53"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, V/2008, E.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3 ♂); Moa, km 1 camino de La Melba,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.603334">20°36'12"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.83889">74°50'20"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 19/I/2009, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, genitalia ♀ in glycerin, slide RNA259(legs & labial palpus), DNA voucher PM15-06
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="85" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
M052) (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Moa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yamanigüey">Yamanigueey</normalizedToken>
|
||
75 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.579418">20°34'45.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.73616">74°44'10.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24/I/2009, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide RNA264(wings), DNA voucher PM157-05 (2 ♂, 1 ♀); ♀), Sierra de Cristal, cerca de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
La Zoilita 400 m (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.62825">20°37'41.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-75.48558">75°29'08.1"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 15-20/II/2010, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, DNA voucher PM07-22 (M040). Santiago de Cuba: Las Lagunas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="19.993612">19°59'37"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.79722">75°47'50"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29/VI/1930 (1 ♂); Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.083334">20°05'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.816666">75°49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Julio 1940, slides RNA 177/178(androconial sclaes) (2 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 18 May 1941, slide RNA180 (androconial scales) (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 20 Junio 1943 (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 29 Junio 1943 (1 ♂);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marimón">Marimon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 27 Junio 1942, slide RNA179(androconial scales) (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior 28 Junio 1942, slide RNA205(wings) (1 ♀); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Ciudamar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="19.978056">19°58'41"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.86417">75°51'51"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22/IX/1950, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♀); Cuabitas (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.063334">20°03'48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.80139">75°48'05"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28/IV/1953, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior XII/1956, P. Alayo (1 ♀); Las Manuelas camino a Baire 420 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.219168">20°13'09"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-76.36444">76°21'52"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23/XI/1952, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂); Pico Turquino 1972 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.989918">19°59'23.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.83664">76°50'11.9"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 18/X/1966, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♀); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Loma El Gato 1000 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.009167">20°00'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-76.03778">76°02'16"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VIII/1942, Hno Crisogono (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 6/IX/1951, S. L. de la Torre, genitalia ♂ in glycerin (5 ♂, 5 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 17-20 June 1952, F. de Zayas & P. Alayo (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 20 June 1952, slide RNA187(wings)/222(legs & labial palpus) (2 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 25-26 Junio 1952, F. Zayas & P. Alayo (1 ♂); same locality as for anterior, 11/VIII/2008, E. Oliva, DNA voucher PM07-12 (M029) (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality and date as for anterior, E. Fonseca (1 ♀); Puerto Boniato, 28/XI/1950, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂); same data as for anterior except 16/V/1953 (1 ♂); zona del Caney, Loma del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ermitaño">Ermitano</normalizedToken>
|
||
430 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.043888">20°02'38"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.6175">75°37'3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 13/III/1953 (1 ♂); Ote (currently Santiago de Cuba), Caney, Gran Piedra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.008612">20°00'31"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.70861">75°42'31"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Junio 1954, F. de Zayas & P. Alayo, slide RNA229(wings) (2 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 23/IV/1955, genitalia in glycerin (1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, VI/1962, P. Alayo, genitalia in glycerin (1 ♀);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juraguá">Juragua</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
|
||
a Santiago de Cuba,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="19.925278">19°55'31"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.641106">75°38'28"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9/I/1968, S. L. de la Torre (1 ♂); alrededores
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
BIOECO Gran Piedra 1000 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.008612">20°00'31"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.6175">75°37'3"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16-18/XI/2005, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♀); same data as for anterior except 8/III/2008, genitalia ♀ in glycerin (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality as for anterior, 14/VIII/2008, E. Oliva (1 ♂); km 19 carretera Gran Piedra, 12/III/2008, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂); Gran Piedra, El Olimpo, campamento forestal "Las Marianas", 13/III/2008, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, DNA voucher PM15-07 (M053) (2 ♂).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guantánamo">Guantanamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Ote (currently
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guantánamo">Guantanamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guantánamo">Guantanamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.016666">20°01'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.2">75°12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 26/XI/1950, S. L. de la Torre & P. Alayo (1 ♀); Ote (currently
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guantánamo">Guantanamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Baracoa, Loma La Farola, 1/V/1968, S. L. de la Torre (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Ote (currently
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guantánamo">Guantanamo</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Cupeyal 730 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.449165">20°26'57"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.06056">75°03'38"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VI/1971, I.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2 ♂); Piedra La Vela 650 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.4125">20°24'45"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.9475">74°56'51"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VII/2001, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2 ♂); Piedra La Vela, Loma El Mulo 615 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.424166">20°25'27"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.90889">74°54'32"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VII/2001, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaguaní">Jaguani</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vázquez">Vazquez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Abajo 560 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.420834">20°25'15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.909164">74°54'33"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Cuchillas del Toa, Boca de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaguaní">Jaguani</normalizedToken>
|
||
130 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.379444">20°22'46"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-74.69334">74°41'36"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, VIII/2001, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1 ♂);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yumurí">Yumuri</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Sur 450 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.189165">20°11'21"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 74°29 31"W, 20/I/2009, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
& E. Oliva (2 ♂, 2 ♀). CZACC, MFP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="86" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">The species is present across the Cuban archipelago from coastal areas to mountains up 1100 m (Figs 56-59).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" type="immature stages">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Immature stages.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Egg & oviposition - Eggs are laid loose, near spherical in shape and ivory white in color becoming beige with irregular orange brown spots a day after laid.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Torre (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mentioned that eggs are laid loose. Surface is covered by a fine raised reticulation forming minute polygonal areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dethier, VG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="14 - 26" title="Life histories of Cuban Lepidoptera." volume="47" year="1940">Dethier 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Torre 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Time to hatch 7 to 9 days (n=16), according
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dethier, VG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="14 - 26" title="Life histories of Cuban Lepidoptera." volume="47" year="1940">Dethier (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
6 to 11 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Torre (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave 5 to 8 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
|
||
First instar larva (Fig. 90) - Head capsule dark brown, almost black, with a bronze gloss and with two short horns on top. Body beige, greenish white after fed on host leaves, with a dorsal line and four pairs of longitudinal pale brownish green thin lines all of same width and more or less equally spaced: subdorsal, suprastigmatal, stigmatal and infrastigmatal. Dimensions (n=16): head capsule width 0.52-0.57 mm, head capsule height 0.56-0.59 mm, initial total length 2.2-2.5 mm, final total length 3.4-3.7 mm. Duration (n=16): 7-10 days. This description agrees with that by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dethier, VG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="14 - 26" title="Life histories of Cuban Lepidoptera." volume="47" year="1940">Dethier (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who reported an instar duration of 7 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">Second to fourth instars (Fig. 91) with the same pattern of fifth, described below, but paler and less contrasting.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Fifth instar larva (Figs 92, 94) - Pale morph. Head capsule pale brownish gray with numerous slightly darker dots, base of setae dark brown, a vertical brown line from each side reaching horns and almost joining at epicranial suture, horns reduced; stemmatal area, clypeus and area around mandibles brown or dark brown; mandibles amber brown, black at edge;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="X–mark">X-mark</normalizedToken>
|
||
of epicranium slightly darker than background with lower arms longer and rounded at tip, broken as four spots in some specimens. Body pale brownish yellow minutely striated in brownish gray thin lines on dorsum between subdorsal lines, with a dorsal line and five pairs of longitudinal pale brownish gray lines: subdorsal, suprastigmatal, stigmatal and infrastigmatal; dorsal line brownish gray edged at beginning of each segment by two black dots; subdorsal lines somewhat diffuse toward segments margins, with a black dot on its lower edge at posterior margin of each segment, dots on thorax enlarged, lines ending at caudal tails; suprastigmatal lines dark brown, thin, above it on each segment a central white dot encircled in black and another, black near posterior margin; stigmatal lines dark brown, thin, space between it and suprastigmatal pale beige, contrasting, edged on its lower edge by spiracles which are dark and encircled in grayish white; infrastigmatal lines thin, somewhat diffuse; subventral lines thick, wavy, and darkest; ventral side, including prolegs pale brownish yellow. Dimensions (n=4): head capsule width 1.41-1.57 mm, head capsule height 1.55-1.62 mm, initial total length 12-15 mm, final total length 20-23 mm. Duration (n=9): 11-18 days. Larvae reared by the senior author match
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dethier, VG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="14 - 26" title="Life histories of Cuban Lepidoptera." volume="47" year="1940">Dethier (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
descriptions of instars two to fourth, in general, color pattern is about the same, including the fifth instar, with minor variations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="29" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Dark morph (Fig. 93). Head with all tones darkened. Body background pale brown with lines dark brown, somewhat diffuse; dots at edges of mid dorsal and subdorsal and encirclement of spiracles ashy white, contrasting; a thin pale yellowish beige line
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="87" start="start">between</pageBreakToken>
|
||
subdorsal and suprastigmatal line, contrasting; dots above suprastigmatal line and encirclement of white dots above it indistinct; space between infrastigmatal and subventral offline pale yellowish beige, contrasting; subventral line thicker than in pale morph, dark brown extending over dorsum of prolegs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Torre (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
apparently also reared larvae of this morph but only mentioned the general darkening of coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Pupa (Figs 95-97) - Entirely more or less uniform stramineous; one pair of black dots at first third of legs sheaths; abdomen with a transverse ridge with a pair of more prominent crests on dorsum of segments 1 to 6; last abdominal segment short and stout, cremaster area enlarged, broad. Three days before emergence color turns brown on dorsum extending gradually to occupying entire surface. Dimensions (n=9): total length 10-11 mm, maximum width 3.5-4.5 mm. Duration (n=9): 8-10 days.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="30" pageNumber="87" type="habitat and biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="87">Habitat and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="30" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits many habitats, from suburban areas at major cities to the edges of evergreen and rainforests up to 1100 m of altitude, always disturbed in some degree. Individuals can be found any month of the year throughout the island. The species is one of the commonest butterflies in Cuba, especially in altered land with predominantly herbaceous vegetation but shaded to some degree (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fontenla, JL" journalOrPublisher="Poeyana" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 20" title="Aspectos comparativos estructurales de tres comunidades de mariposas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) en Cuba." volume="337" year="1987 a">Fontenla 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Barro 2003;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, DM" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="43 - 75" title="Butterflies of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Tropical Roots and Tubers, and Santa Ana, Camagueey, Cuba: an annotated list." volume="23" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, DM" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="43 - 75" title="Butterflies of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Tropical Roots and Tubers, and Santa Ana, Camagueey, Cuba: an annotated list." volume="23" year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Camagüey">Camagueey</normalizedToken>
|
||
province from groves, hedges and open scrub land and recorded 26 plant species as nectar sources. We recorded two predation events on this
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="88" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, one in November 2008 at La Chata, La Habana province, by a crab spider,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Thomisidae" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" rank="family">Thomisidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 98); the other in July 2009 at Pan de Matanzas, Matanzas province, by a nymph of the mantid
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Stagmomantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stagmomantis domingensis" order="Mantodea" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domingensis">Stagmomantis domingensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Palisot de Beauvois (Fig. 99).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Larvae eat the entire corion after hatching and feed at night, remaining in the lower parts of grasses during the day. They accepted well the substitute grasses supplied. Duration of first three instars was about one to one and half weeks each whereas the last two were around two weeks each. The prepupal stage duration was one day long and the pupal stage extended for eight to ten days. Immature development takes 60 to 70 days and goes through five larval instars. Adult emergence occurred after mid day.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dethier, VG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="14 - 26" title="Life histories of Cuban Lepidoptera." volume="47" year="1940">Dethier (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
apparently did not complete the life cycle, describing it only to the fourth instar without mentioning the pupa or adult emergence. Dethier used several grass species as food and said that the larvae preferred lawn grass; however, he did not give scientific names of any grass species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="88">Torre (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although successful in rearing the species, only described the cycle superficially and mentioning the duration, 70 to 73 days, and number of larval instars, four. He used as substitute food
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saccharum officinarum" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">Saccharum officinarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zea mays" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">Zea mays</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stenotaphrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenotaphrum secundatum" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="secundatum">Stenotaphrum secundatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and noted that larvae grew slower with the first.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="88" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="88">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the easiest to recognize among all Cuban
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calisto</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Its smaller size on average, as well as its pale wing pattern allow their unequivocal identification, although some specimens from altitudes above 800 m can be distinctly larger. The genitalia and immature stages can be also diagnostic. The species has a wide ecological range and tolerance to anthropogenic habitat alteration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="88">
|
||
The status of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile subsp. parsonsi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="herophile" subSpecies="parsonsi">Calisto herophile parsonsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clench, 1943and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile subsp. apollinis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="herophile" subSpecies="apollinis">Calisto herophile apollinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is yet pending further investigation. In the present study, only old material of parsonsi was available. The unique morphological difference with the nominal subspecies is the more homogeneous pattern at UN of wings, as pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="31" pageNumber="88">Clench (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Genitalic comparisons revealed an identical morphology. We were able to sequence a small fragment (337 bp) of COI for two specimens of the Bahamian subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile subsp. apollinis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="herophile" subSpecies="apollinis">Calisto herophile apollinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bates. These specimens were clearly quite different to Cuban
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 66) and might warrant species status. Future studies involving fresh specimens, immature stages and DNA data could clarify the status of both of these taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |