274 lines
28 KiB
XML
274 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115565" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85cd7166-7b23-496d-8b10-7f1dcf2c4d60" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920426" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115565" ID-ZooBank="A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1" checkinTime="1447441568197" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Robert A. Johnson" docDate="2015" docId="971D8786FFC9FF9C65D417E2D285236B" docLanguage="en" docName="29902.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4029 (1)" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex marcusi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="6B24FFFEFFE9FFB865431775D1342613" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1645066743641" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robert A. Johnson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4029</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115565" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115565" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971D8786FFC9FF9C65D417E2D285236B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971D8786FFC9FF9C65D417E2D285236B" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection box="[151,446,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph box="[151,446,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,446,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,446,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,446,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,329,186,211]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph box="[151,329,186,211]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,320,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStart-2="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="33.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="34.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-2="35.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[373,1201,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-1="[363,1214,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[395,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetId-0="figure@33.[373,1213,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@34.[363,1224,193,1956]" captionTargetId-2="figure@35.[395,1192,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="34" captionTargetPageId-2="35" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0217259). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov dealate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914201). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-2="FIGURE 13. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914205). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figures 11–13</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kusnezov, 1951: 260" authorityName="Kusnezov" authorityPageNumber="260" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,622,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<emphasis box="[151,397,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
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Kusnezov, 1951: 260
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 13a (worker, diagnosis in key). Syntypes examined: 3 workers [LACM], 3 workers [MZUSP], 16 workers [USNM], BOLIVIA, Cochabamba: Cochabamba (H. Marcus leg., 19 December 1945 & 4 May 1946). Kusnezov, 1954: 82, figs. 1–4 (queen, male); Marcus, 1953: 43, figs. 33–41 (larvae); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1960: 3 (redescription of larvae). See also Marcus and Marcus, 1951: 117, figs. 8–11; Marcus, 1953: 43, figs. 30–32. USNM worker here designated
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[521,676,381,403]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">LECTOTYPE</emphasis>
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[CASENT0914118].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,379,447,472]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Worker. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Within the
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<emphasis box="[513,659,448,472]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName box="[513,659,448,472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">P. coarctatus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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-group, the combination of: (1) longitudinal striae cover part to most of cephalic dorsum, areas lacking striae shining to strongly shining, (2) in profile, lateral lobe of clypeus weakly enlarged, (3) interrugae on mesosoma smooth, strongly shining, (4) inferior propodeal spines wider than long, apex bluntly angulate to acuminate, and (5) head reddish-orange, first gastral tergum reddish-brown; rest of body reddish-orange to reddish-black uniquely characterize this species (
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<figureCitation box="[906,1018,589,614]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[373,1201,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[373,1213,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0217259). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[906,1018,589,614]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 11</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,626,649]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Measurements</emphasis>
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—lectotype (
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<emphasis box="[523,537,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n</emphasis>
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= 5 plus 8 paralectotypes). HL 1.94 (1.88–2.24); HW 2.04 (1.91–2.33); MOD 0.41 (0.38–0.44); OMD 0.40 (0.39–0.48); SL 1.37 (1.10–1.55); PNW 1.30 (1.14–1.44); HFL 1.75 (1.69–2.15); ML 2.08 (2.20–2.75); PW 0.44 (0.44–0.53); PPW 0.59 (0.59–0.69). Indices: SI 67.16 (57.59–70.92); CI 105.15 (100.000–110.00); OI 20.10 (18.03–20.95); HFI 85.78 (83.18–95.13).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,365,767,791]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Redescription</emphasis>
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. Monomorphic, head quadrate to wider than long (CI = 100.00–110.00), posterior margin flat to weakly concave in full-face view. Fine, dense, longitudinal striae cover only part of cephalic dorsum, width of striae and interstriae similar; in full-face view, medial striae not diverging toward posterior corners of head. Cephalic interstriae, most of cephalic dorsum, and vertex smooth, strongly shining. Anterior margin of clypeus flat to weakly concave; dorsal surface with several moderately coarse subparallel, longitudinal, oblique, or arcuate rugae. In profile, lateral lobe of clypeus usually weakly enlarged. Numerous long, curved, bristle-like, yellowish macrochaetae project from anterior margin of clypeus and ventral side of mandibles. Mandible with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. MOD ranging from 0.18–0.22x HL. In profile, eyes situated anterior to middle of head, OMD = 0.88–1.18x MOD. Antennal scapes short (SI = 57.59–70.92), extending less than one-third the distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior corner of head. Antennal scapes smooth and shining; basal flange well-developed with carinate margin. Psammophore well-developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mesosomal profile weakly to moderately convex; all mesosomal surfaces with prominent coarse, subparallel, weakly wavy to irregular, widely-spaced rugae. In dorsal view, humeral shoulders of pronotum weakly rounded to knoblike. Dorsum of promesonotum with longitudinal rugae that diverge anteriorly toward humeral shoulders of pronotum; transverse rugae on anterior surface of pronotum continue obliquely or ventrally on pronotal sides; rugae on mesopleura angle posterad or posterodorsally. Superior propodeal spines long, acuminate, connected by well-defined keel; spine length slightly less than width between their bases; regular to weakly wavy, transverse rugae on propodeal dorsum traverse ventrally or anteroventrally on sides. Inferior propodeal spines wider than long, apex bluntly angulate to acuminate. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma smooth, strongly shining. Legs weakly granulate, weakly shining to smooth and strongly shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Peduncle of petiole about 0.7x as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with broadly rounded process. In profile, posterior surface of petiolar node weakly convex; node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface, apex rounded. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than wide, sides subparallel, slightly wider near middle, narrowing to spatulate anterior margin. Sides and posterior surface of petiolar node with coarse, wavy to irregular transverse, oblique, or longitudinal rugae. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing to anterior margin, maximum width about equal to length. Regular to wavy, weak to moderately coarse, transverse rugae on dorsum of postpetiole, sometimes weakening or lacking near anterior margin; interrugae on posterior surface of petiolar node and dorsum of postpetiole smooth to moderately granulate, weakly shining to shining. First gastral tergum smooth and strongly shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Erect white to yellowish pilosity sparse to moderately abundant on head, mostly similar in length and arising from foveae; longest hairs not exceeding MOD, few>0.5x MOD. Moderately abundant suberect pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with moderately dense, erect setae that are mostly similar in length, longest approaching MOD; petiolar node, postpetiole, first gastral tergum with moderately dense, erect setae that are mostly similar in length, longest notably shorter than MOD; length of hairs on margins of posterior gastral terga often>MOD. Head reddish-orange, first gastral tergum reddish-brown; rest of body reddish-orange to reddish-black (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1061,1174,2008,2033]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<figureCitation box="[1061,1174,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[373,1201,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[373,1213,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0217259). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[373,1201,193,1955]" targetPageId="33">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,286,1978,2000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName authority="Kusnezov" authorityName="Kusnezov" box="[442,796,1979,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<emphasis box="[442,688,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
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Kusnezov
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</taxonomicName>
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worker: (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,914,1978,2000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A</emphasis>
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) frontal view of head, (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1154,1171,1979,2000]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B</emphasis>
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) lateral view of body, and (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,177,2009,2031]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal view of body (CASENT0217259). Photographs by Erin Prado from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[363,1214,193,1955]" targetPageId="34">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,289,1978,2000]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName authority="Kusnezov" authorityName="Kusnezov" box="[452,810,1979,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<emphasis box="[452,700,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
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Kusnezov
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</taxonomicName>
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dealate queen: (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[983,1001,1978,2000]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
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) frontal view of head, (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1252,1269,1979,2000]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
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) lateral view of body, and (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,282,2009,2031]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914201). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[395,1181,193,1956]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1978,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName authority="Kusnezov" authorityName="Kusnezov" box="[448,804,1979,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<emphasis box="[448,695,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
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Kusnezov
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</taxonomicName>
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male: (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[884,902,1978,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
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) frontal view of head, (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1148,1165,1979,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
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) lateral view of body, and (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,177,2009,2031]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914205). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,412,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Queen. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This caste is diagnosed by: (1) caste-specific morphology of the mesosoma related to wingbearing and presence of ocelli on head (2) large size (HW = 2.91 mm), (3) striae cover most of cephalic dorsum, and (4) inferior propodeal spines well-developed, triangular, apex bluntly angulate to acuminate (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1355,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<figureCitation box="[1241,1355,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[363,1214,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[363,1224,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov dealate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914201). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 12</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,261,284]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Measurements</emphasis>
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—(
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<emphasis box="[411,425,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">n</emphasis>
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= 1). HL 2.74; HW 2.91; MOD 0.56; OMD 0.63; SL 1.61; PNW 2.06; HFL 2.43; ML 3.35; PW 0.87; PPW 1.17. Indices: SI 55.33; CI 106.20; OI 19.24; HFI 83.51.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,396,332,356]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This caste is diagnosed by: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, (2) large (HW> 1.65 mm; HL> 1.75 mm; ML> 2.95 mm), (3) hairs on head (especially posterior to eyes) and dorsum of mesosoma dense, long and flexuous, length of numerous hairs approach to exceed MOD, (4) mandibles with three teeth, and (5) interrugae on katepisternum weakly shining to shining (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[777,891,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<figureCitation box="[777,891,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[395,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[395,1192,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914205). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 13</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,477,500]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Measurements</emphasis>
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—(
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<emphasis box="[411,425,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">n</emphasis>
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= 1). HL 1.69; HW 1.77; MOD 0.54; OMD 0.31; SL 0.45; HFL 2.09; ML 2.97; PW 0.63; PPW 0.78. Indices: SI 25.42; CI 104.73; OI 30.51; HFI 118.08.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,876,548,572]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Additional material examined. BOLIVIA:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[723,876,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cochabamba</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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: Cochabamba, Jan 24–28, 1954 (FML; LACM; MCZ; USNM; ZSM); Temporal, Mar 10, 1946 (FML) (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[776,896,583,608]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<figureCitation box="[776,875,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="24.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1173,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, (B) Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, and (C) Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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C
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,621,644]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Kuznezov named this species after Dr. Harry Marcus, who collected the syntypes and studied this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,692,716]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[340,613,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[340,613,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not known to occur near any
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[981,1127,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[981,1127,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species or any other species of
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,456,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[272,452,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pogonomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<emphasis box="[618,733,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. m a rc us i</emphasis>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[873,1020,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[873,1020,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species that occurs at mid- to high elevations (2660 m), while the other three species are only known to occur below 1000 m.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[627,772,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[627,772,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species using characters given in the key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,294,836,860]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[301,574,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[301,574,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a solitary forager that travels up to 20 m from the nest to harvest the seeds of various grass species, but a file of foragers was observed returning to nests (Marcus & Marcus, 1951). Nests are cryptic and difficult to locate without finding a forager to follow back to the nest. Nests usually have several entrances that are placed under or at the edge of stones or under plants (Marcus & Marcus, 1951). Nest excavations indicate that
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,415,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. m arc u s i</emphasis>
|
||
colonies contain 600–700 workers plus 200 larvae and pupae (Marcus, 1953; Marcus & Marcus, 1951).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Sexuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[332,453,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,453,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected on 28 January, suggesting that mating flights occur during the austral summer. Marcus and Marcus (1951) also noted that several nests contained ergatogynes in addition to workers. It is unclear what they meant by ergatogynes, which they described only as having well-developed ovaries. By comparison, they indicated that workers had a smaller gaster and poorly-developed ovarioles with small eggs. I did not encounter any ergatogynes while examining individuals during this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,479,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,479,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pogonomyrmex marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from arid habitats near Cochabamba, Bolivia, at elevations of approximately 2660 m (Marcus & Marcus, 1951). This species occurs in the Bolivian Montane Dry Forest ecoregion as defined by Olson
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,548,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001) (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[654,774,1303,1328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[654,754,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="24.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1173,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, (B) Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, and (C) Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). I also have an unverified record of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1192,1309,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1192,1309,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(collection at Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil) from Valle Sagrado, near Cusco, Peru. Overall,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1248,1363,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. m arc u s i</emphasis>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[207,352,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coarctatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,352,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. coarctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species that occurs at mid- to high elevations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |