614 lines
79 KiB
XML
614 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e392b36-abb5-4d52-a33a-845941ca200e" ID-PMC="PMC4926621" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-597-57" ID-PubMed="27408586" ID-ZBK="FF526EC2E8AB45A8BDC8C5878139D858" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-597-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 597" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini)" checkinTime="1465563496747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prathapan, Kaniyarikkal Divakaran" docDate="2016" docId="780E1E8DA66E8D4F2262BECA34B2948C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 597: 57-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 597" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520" docTitle="Madurasia undulatovittata, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="B534402D021BB04CFFB24D7E624DFFB5" masterDocTitle="Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668163218116" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the legume-feeding leaf beetle genus Madurasia Jacoby, including a new species description (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prathapan, Kaniyarikkal Divakaran</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>597</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.597.7520</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-597-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">FF526EC2E8AB45A8BDC8C5878139D858</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FF526EC2E8AB45A8BDC8C5878139D858</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127880984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:780E1E8DA66E8D4F2262BECA34B2948C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/780E1E8DA66E8D4F2262BECA34B2948C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata (Motschulsky)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="63">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 3-7, 8-20, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Teinodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Teinodactyla undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="start">Teinodactyla</pageBreakToken>
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undulatovittata
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</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1866: 417 [Sri Lanka, Lectotype (ZMUM)]-
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<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 214-215.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longitarsus undulatovittatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittatus">Longitarsus undulatovittatus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Gemminger, M" journalOrPublisher="Monachius, Paris & London" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="3479 - 3676" title="Catalogus Coleopterorum locusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus" year="1876">Gemminger and Harold 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 3509-
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<bibRefCitation author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" title="The Fauna of British India including Burma and Ceylon. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae)." year="1926">Maulik 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 361.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monolepta undulattovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulattovittata">Monolepta undulattovittata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, DA" journalOrPublisher="Museo Nacional de Sciences Naturales Madrid" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="83 - 112" title="De quelques especes de Halticinae (Col. Chrysomelidae) de la collection de V. Motschulsky." volume="10" year="1930">Ogloblin 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 112.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby, 1886: 381 ["Madura, Madras Presidency", Southern
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<normalizedToken originalValue="India–">India-</normalizedToken>
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Lectotype (BMNH)]-
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<bibRefCitation author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Chrysomelidae (Galerucinae)." year="1936">Maulik 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 74-
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilcox, JA" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="433 - 664" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa Pars 78 Fasc. 3 Chrysomelidae: GalerucinaeLuperini: Luperina" year="1973">Wilcox 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 435-
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<bibRefCitation author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="37 - 42" title="Chrysomelidae collected by the Japan-India cooperative survey in India, 1978. Part IV." volume="42" year="1987">Takizawa 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 39-
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<bibRefCitation author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="7 - 10" title="Notes on chrysomelid beetles of S. India preserved in the collection of the Staatliches Museum of Munich (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="45" year="1990">Takizawa and Kimoto 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 8-
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<bibRefCitation author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="275 - 291" title="Chrysomelid beetles of Nepal, Northeastern India and Western Sikkim collected by the Himalaya expeditions of the National Science Museum, Tokyo." volume="58" year="1990">Takizawa 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 281-
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<bibRefCitation author="Mohamedsaid, MS" journalOrPublisher="Stobaeana" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 7" title="The galerucine beetles of Sri Lanka, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Galerucinae)." volume="9" year="1997">Mohamedsaid 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 5-
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<bibRefCitation author="Medvedev, LN" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="261 - 354" title="Katalog der Chrysomelidae von Nepal." volume="21" year="1999">Medvedev and Sprecher 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 310 (catalogue)-
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<bibRefCitation author="Mohamedsaid, MS" journalOrPublisher="Serangga" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="361 - 377" title="List of the non-Malaysian Chrysomelidae in the collection of UKM." volume="5" year="2000">Mohamedsaid 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 370-
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<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="13 - 114" title="Systematic catalog of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) from Nepal and Bhutan." volume="3" year="2005">Kimoto 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 58-
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<bibRefCitation author="Beenen, R" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" title="Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera Vol. 6: Chrysomeloidea." year="2010">Beenen 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 481-
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<bibRefCitation author="Bezde ̌ k, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="403 - 428" title="Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Socotra Island, with a review of taxa recorded from Yemen." volume="52" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bezděk">Bezdek</normalizedToken>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 422, 424. New synonym.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Neorudolphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neorudolphia bedfordi" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bedfordi">Neorudolphia bedfordi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Laboissière">Laboissiere</normalizedToken>
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, 1926: 191 [Brit. Sudan, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cajanus indicus" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicus">Cajanus indicus</taxonomicName>
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, Syntype (ZMUH, Hamburg)]-
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<bibRefCitation author="Aslam, NA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="483 - 501" title="On the genus Drasa Bryant (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) with some nomenclatural notes on the Galerucinae." url="10.1080/00222937200770451" volume="6" year="1972">Aslam 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 500 (synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby)-
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<bibRefCitation author="Wilcox, JA" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="433 - 664" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa Pars 78 Fasc. 3 Chrysomelidae: GalerucinaeLuperini: Luperina" year="1973">Wilcox 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 435-
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<bibRefCitation author="Weidner, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="87 - 264" title="Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Instituts und des Zoologischen Museums der Universitaet Hamburg." volume="73" year="1976">Weidner 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 229.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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Body: length 2.0-3.0 mm; width 1.0-1.3 mm; 2.0-2.3 times longer than wide. General color pattern consistent but highly variable in intensity (Figs 1, 3, 5-7). Head dark brown to pale brown, often darker than pronotum. Basal antennomeres 3-6 pale straw brown, distal antennomeres becoming progressively darker. Pronotum more or less pale brown, generally paler than head. Background color of elytron paler than pronotum. Lateral margin of dark elytral stripe emarginate in anterior 1/3 and posterior 1/3; stripe broadening posteriorly, covering width of elytral apex. In some specimens, elytra darker laterally giving the impression of a pale, medially narrowed line on a dark elytron. Intensity of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="stripe’s">stripe's</normalizedToken>
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darkness varies from pale straw brown (Fig. 1) to dark brown. In type of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
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, elytral stripes are hardly visible (Fig. 1). In some specimens, widest region in middle of stripe extends to lateral elytral margin, thus dividing pale colored lateral area into anterior and posterior spots (Figs 6, 7). Ventral aspect (Fig. 4) generally paler than head. Metasternum slightly darker than
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<normalizedToken originalValue="pro–">pro-</normalizedToken>
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or mesosternum. Metepisternum darker than metasternum. Abdomen darker laterally and posteriorly in many specimens. In darkest specimens, ventral side dark brown to piceous. Legs pale brown, all femora nearly concolorous with abdominal ventrites; metafemora darker distally in some specimens. All tibiae paler than femora. Metatibia and first metatarsomere whitish in some specimens. Claw tarsomere and bilobed tarsomere often darker than preceding ones.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="65" start="start">Antenna</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 9) reaches middle of elytron or a little beyond. Proportionate length of antennomeres 1-11: 1: 0.54-0.57: 0.44-52: 0.65-0.69: 0.59: 0.66: 0.66-0.69: 0.62-0.75: 0.73-0.75: 0.69-0.72: 0.69-0.71: 0.81-0.91. Transverse diameter of eye 5.3-8.8 times width of orbit, 2.9-4.4 times width of interantennal space, 1.7-1.8 times width of antennal socket, 0.6 times distance between eyes. Pronotum (Fig. 14) 1.3 times wider than long, posterior 1.1 times wider than anterior.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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Proportionate length of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="femur–tibia–tarsomeres">femur-tibia-tarsomeres</normalizedToken>
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1-4 as follows: 1: 1.0-1.1: 0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.1-0.2: 0.3 (foreleg); 1: 0.9-1.0: 0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3 (midleg); 1: 1.1-1.2: 0.4: 0.1-0.2: 0.1: 0.2 (hindleg). Two visible apical tergites completely exposed in most females, particularly when killed in alcohol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Posterior margin of apical ventrite in male (Fig. 23) indistinctly lobed medially. Receptacle of spermatheca 1.6 times wider than long (Fig. 29). Tignum not widened proximally (Fig. 33); membranous distal region widest medially.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 27) strongly curved after basal 1/2, acutely narrowed in proximal 1/3, with weakly curved apex. In ventral view (Fig. 25), widest in proximal 1/3, narrowing sharply towards apex in apical 1/3, lateral margin a little abruptly narrowed preapically. Ventral aspect of aedeagus depressed with a convex portion in middle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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Types.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
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: Lectotype ♀. "Teinodactila / undulato / vittata Motch / Ceylon"; "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monolepta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monolepta</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="undulatovittata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
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Mots. / 1926 D. Ogloblin det."; "LECTOTYPUS / des
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Döberl">Doeberl</normalizedToken>
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2005" (ZMUM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
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: Lectotype ♀.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
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(rectangular red label); "Andrewes / Bequest. / B. M. 1922
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–221.”">-221."</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Madura”,“738”">"Madura","738"</normalizedToken>
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(3 in 738 is not legible as pierced by pin); "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
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Jac. /Type";
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“SYNTYPE”">"SYNTYPE"</normalizedToken>
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(white circular disc with sky blue margin); "Lectotype /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby / des. K. D. Prathapan, 2015" (here designated, specimen on card, right antenna missing) (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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Paralectotype ♀. "Type / H. T." (white circular disc with red border);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Madura”">"Madura"</normalizedToken>
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; "Jacoby Coll. 1909
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–28a.”">-28a."</normalizedToken>
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; "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Madurasia</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="obscurella" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="obscurella">obscurella</taxonomicName>
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/ Jac. Type" (Blue label);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“SYNTYPE”">"SYNTYPE"</normalizedToken>
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(white circular disc with sky blue margin); "Paralectotype /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
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Jacoby / des. K. D. Prathapan, 2015" (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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AFRICA: Sudan: ♀ British Sudan, S. R. J. Madani, 22.ix.1923, H. M. Bedford, feeding on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘adis’">'adis'</normalizedToken>
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(illegible) sudani leaves / Blue Nile A 3024 / Pres by Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1925-228 / standing as Neorudolfia (sic)
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<taxonomicName lsidName="bedfordi" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="bedfordi">bedfordi</taxonomicName>
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; 1 unsexed R. F. Wadmedanai J. W. Cowland 21/9/32 Shotholing seedlings of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus mungo" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mungo">Phaseolus mungo</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Ent. Coll. C 12147 / AFRICA 250,000 55-G Map / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. BM 1933-415 / Standing as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Neorudolphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neorudolphia bedfordi" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bedfordi">Neorudolphia bedfordi</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SUDAN Govt.; 1 unsexed Blue Nile 5429 / Aenk H. H. & D. King 26.5.13 On boot / Pres. by Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1927-103 /
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Neorudolphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neorudolphia bedfordi" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bedfordi">Neorudolphia bedfordi</taxonomicName>
|
||
V.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laboissière–Dèt">Laboissiere-Det</normalizedToken>
|
||
. (all BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
ASIA: Bangladesh: ♀ (India) Dacca, 2.vi.1945, D. Leston; ♀ (India) Dacca, 10.v.1945, D. Leston (both BMNH); India: Andhra Pradesh: 3 unsexed Vizagapatnam Dist., Chipurupalli, B.M. 1924-7; Gujarat: 2♀ Baruch, 10.xii.1987, Pigeon pea, CIE A19617; Navasari, 15.iii.1992, Assoc with cowpea, IIE 22432,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jac det. M. L. Cox 1992 (all BMNH);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Karnataka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Karnataka" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Karnataka</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1 macerated specimen Belgaum, 1-2.viii. 2008, at light, K. Swamy; 2♀, 1♂ Chikkaballapur,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="13.43">13°25'48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="7.7200003">7°43'12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
694 mt., 29.viii.2010, Nirmala P., at light (all UASB);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Kerala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kerala</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 7♂, 2 ♀ Vellayani, N
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.429861">08°25'47.5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 76°59'8.3", 21.vii.2015, 18 m, Prathapan KD; 19 ♀, same data except for the date 5.vii. 2015 and ex Green gram (NBAIR, JBC, INPC, BMNH); Maharashtra: 3♀ Bandra, Jayakumar, 1905-152; 2 unsexed Bombay (Mumbai), 79.15; 1♀ Bombay, G. Bryant, 1919-147; 1 unsexed, Poona (Pune), 27.viii.1944, D. Leston, BM 1946-365; 1♀ 21.x.1944, D. Leston, BM 1945-86 (all BMNH);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" genus="Meghalaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meghalaya" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meghalaya</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1♂, 1 ♀ SW of Cherapunjee,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="23.220835">23°13'15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="91.666664">91°40'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 500-900 m, 11-12.v.2004, R. Businsky (all JBC); New Delhi: 4♀, 6 unsexed 21.viii.1968, on cowpea,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Phaseolidae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaseolus" order="Nuculanida" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phaseolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and urd (all BMNH); Rajasthan: 1♀Jodhpur N
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.351278">26°21'4.6"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 73°2'39" 5.VIII.2015 255 m, Prathapan K. D. (KAU); 10 unsexed Banswara 24.ix.2015, S. Ramesh Babu (KAU); Uttar Pradesh: Saharanpur Div., Siwalik Hills, 8.iv.1928, H. G. Champion, B.M. 1928-518 (BMNH); Uttarakhand: 1 ♀ Dehra Dun, 8.ix.'16, H. G.Champion, BM. 1953- 156; 1 ♀ Ranikhet, 6-8. '16, H. G.Champion, BM. 1953-156 (both BMNH); West Bengal: 2 unsexed Sarda, H. G. Champion, B.M. 1953-156; 2 unsexed Sunderbans, H. G. Champion, B.M. 1953-156 (all BMNH); Sri Lanka: 2 unsexed, 1♀ Girandurukotte no. 68, 16.xii.86 on cowpea, CIE A18795; 2♀ Maha Illupallama, 1976, R. W. Fellowes, R. W. Fellowes, on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glycine" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Glycine</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vigna</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CIE A9047 (all BMNH); Yemen: 2 ♀ Al Hudaydah gov., Jabal Bura Valley forest N. P., (stream valley), 240-350 m, 15°52.4-5'N, 43°24.6-25.2'E, J. Bezdӗk, 4.xi.2010; 1♂, 2♀ Socotra Island, wadi Ayhaft,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="12.608334">12°36.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="53.981667">53°58.9'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 200 m, J. Bezdӗk, 7-8.xi.2010 (all JBC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Africa (Sudan); Asia (Bangladesh, India [Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Karnataka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Karnataka" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Karnataka</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Kerala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kerala</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" genus="Meghalaya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meghalaya" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meghalaya</taxonomicName>
|
||
, New Delhi, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal], Nepal, Sri Lanka, Yemen) (Fig. 35).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figure 35. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Motschulsky) in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (red triangles = literature records).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. are very similar. However, they can be separated as follows: eight labral setae present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (only six labral setae visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though eight pores are present); elytral stripes are highly variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even in specimens from the same locality, collected during the same season and on the same host. The elytral pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is rather consistent. The stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is wider apically in specimens where it is well defined, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., it is narrowed apically. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the stripe is distinct and well defined against the pale background color.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verma, KK" journalOrPublisher="Chrysomela" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" title="Elytral color pattern in Madurasiaobscurella Jac. (Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)." volume="30" year="1995">Verma (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded variation in elytral color pattern. Lobe in the middle of the posterior margin of the apical abdominal ventrite in males distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., but poorly distinguishable in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two species can easily be separated by the structure of the aedeagus. In lateral view, the apex of aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is curved and pointed, like the beak of a parrot (Fig. 26), while the same in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is narrowly rounded, and smoothly curved in apical 1/3 (Fig. 27). The sharply raised ridge on the ventral aspect of the aedeagus in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (Fig. 24) is characteristic, however, this ridge is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 25).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia andamanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">Madurasia andamanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is confined to the Andaman Islands and reported to feed on pigeon pea, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="66" start="start">transcontinental</pageBreakToken>
|
||
in distribution and a significant pest of a number of species of pulses in southern Asia and Africa (Sudan).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
A photograph of the labels provided by Wagner & Bieneck (Fig. 38a in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) shows three labels, two of which show different information for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 2). Labels currently on the specimen indicate that M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döberl">Doeberl</normalizedToken>
|
||
designated the lectotype in 2005. However, no publication by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döberl">Doeberl</normalizedToken>
|
||
could be traced in which this specimen is mentioned. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the lectotype was designated by Wagner, and they provide photographs of both the lectotype and its labels. The photograph (Fig. 38b) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, confirms that the specimen examined by me is the one designated as lectotype by Wagner (Fig. 1). Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mention that the only other specimen, a paralectotype in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Motschulsky’s">Motschulsky's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection, is a male from which the aedeagus has been dissected and subsequently lost. Dr
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wagner’s">Wagner's</normalizedToken>
|
||
lectotype designation stands valid as that alone is published (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dr
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döberl">Doeberl</normalizedToken>
|
||
designated the same specimen as lectotype in 2005 as there was a long gap of nearly a decade between the lectotype designation by Dr Wagner and the publication of the same in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="205 - 215" title="Galerucinae type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)." volume="122" year="2012">Wagner and Bieneck 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(T. Wagner and M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Döberl">Doeberl</normalizedToken>
|
||
, pers. comm., 2016). The specimen collected by Bedford on 22.ix.1923, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Neorudolphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neorudolphia bedfordi" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bedfordi">Neorudolphia bedfordi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laboissière">Laboissiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
from the BMNH, probably belongs to the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Neorudolphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neorudolphia bedfordi" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bedfordi">Neorudolphia bedfordi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here designated, to have a unique name bearer and standard for its application.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cajanus cajan" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">Cajanus cajan</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Millsp. (red gram or pigeon pea);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glycine max" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="max">Glycine max</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Merr. (soybean);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lablab" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lablab purpureus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureus">Lablab purpureus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sweet (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dolichos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dolichos lablab" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lablab">Dolichos lablab</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="lablab" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="lablab">lablab</taxonomicName>
|
||
bean);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna aconitifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aconitifolia">Vigna aconitifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jacq.) Marechal (moth bean);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna mungo" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mungo">Vigna mungo</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Hepper (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus mungo" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mungo">Phaseolus mungo</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. =
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus radiatus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiatus">Phaseolus radiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roxb. non L.) (black gram);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna radiata" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">Vigna radiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) R. Wilczek (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus aureus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureus">Phaseolus aureus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roxb. =
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus radiatus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiatus">Phaseolus radiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) (green gram or moong);
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wilczek" basionym-authority="(L.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna radiata var. sublobata" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="radiata" variety="sublobata">Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. sublobata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Roxb.) (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus sublobatus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublobatus">Phaseolus sublobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roxb.);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna umbellata" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">Vigna umbellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi (rice bean) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna unguiculata" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unguiculata">Vigna unguiculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Walp. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna sinensis" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">Vigna sinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Savi ex Hausskn.) (cowpea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Biology and management.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Information on the host plants and biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
was generated by agricultural entomologists in India, under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia obscurella" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">Madurasia obscurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where it is a widely distributed pest of legume crops across many agro climatic zones. The first record of this species as a pest of pulses is that by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menon, MGR" journalOrPublisher="Labdev Journal of Science and Technology" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="62 - 63" title="The common pulse Galerucid beetle at Delhi." volume="8 - B" year="1970">Menon and Saxena (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Naresh, JS" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="732 - 735" title="Efficacy of systemic granular and spray insecticides for the control of insect pests of black-gram (Phaseolusmungo Roxb.)." volume="42" year="1972">Naresh and Thakkur (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it was reported as a major pest of black gram by Naresh and Nene in 1968. However, there is no mention of this leaf beetle in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Naresh, JS" journalOrPublisher="Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University, Pant Nagar" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="177 - 178" title="Survey and evaluation of economic importance of insect pests of pulses." volumeTitle="Annual Report 1968 - 69" year="1968">Naresh and Nene (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Saxena, HP" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="470 - 471" title="Efficacy of some systemic granular insecticides against Galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby infesting kharif pulses." volume="33" year="1971">Saxena et al. (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it as a pest of cowpea, green gram or moong and black gram or urd, indicating that it made holes in the leaf lamina. Other recorded host plants include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glycine" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Glycine</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="66">CAB International Institute of Entomology 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), moth bean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pareek, BL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="44 - 45" title="Record of insect faunal complex on mothbean, Vignaaconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechel in semi arid zone of Rajasthan." volume="24" year="1983">Pareek et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="lablab" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="lablab">lablab</taxonomicName>
|
||
bean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, PK" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="931 - 934" title="Biology of Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby, an important pest of rainy-season pulses." volume="54" year="1984 a">Gupta and Singh 1984a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, PK" journalOrPublisher="Plant Protection Bulletin, India" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="15 - 18" title="Ecological studies on galerucid beetle (Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby), an important pest of green gram." volume="36" year="1984 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), pigeon pea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Saxena 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mishra, PN" journalOrPublisher="Madras Agricultural Journal" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="309 - 311" title="Phytotonic effects of insecticides in pigeon pea Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp." volume="70" year="1983">Mishra and Saxena 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), rice bean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Satyanarayana, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="28 - 33" title="Pest complex of rice bean Vignaumbellata." volume="36" year="1995 a">Satyanarayana et al. 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Satyanarayana, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="78 - 83" title="Insect pest succession in rice bean." volume="36" year="1995 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wilczek" basionym-authority="(L.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna radiata var. sublobata" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="radiata" variety="sublobata">Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. sublobata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Roxb.) (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus sublobatus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublobatus">Phaseolus sublobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roxb.) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kalaichelvan, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoos' Print Journal" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="1838 - 1842" title="Checklist of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Bhilai-Durg." url="10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1114.1838-42" volume="20" year="2005">Kalaichelvan and Verma 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, PK" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="931 - 934" title="Biology of Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby, an important pest of rainy-season pulses." volume="54" year="1984 a">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="67" start="start">Gupta</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and Singh (1984a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, PK" journalOrPublisher="Plant Protection Bulletin, India" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="15 - 18" title="Ecological studies on galerucid beetle (Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby), an important pest of green gram." volume="36" year="1984 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided the first account of its life cycle. They recorded the total life cycle as varying between 32 and 44 days and that it completes two generations a year on green gram. A second, more detailed study of the life history was reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oza, RU" journalOrPublisher="Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="55 - 59" title="Biology of galerucid flea beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby (Galerucinae: Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) on cowpea Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp." volume="21" year="1996">Oza et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on cowpea. Eggs were laid singly on soil near the root zone of the plant. The total duration of the life cycle, from egg to death of adult, varied between 35 and 48 days in males and 43 to 58 days in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The growth of plants is retarded by severe foliage injury, especially in young plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Srivastava, KM" journalOrPublisher="PANS" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="333 - 335" title="A review of the pest complex of kharif pulses in Uttar Pradesh." url="10.1080/09670877609412068" volume="22" year="1976">Srivastava and Singh 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Leaf damage on green gram in summer and rainy season crops ranged between 5-10% and 15-50% respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sinha, MM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="210 - 211" title="Observations of the seasonal occurrence of insect pests of green gram (Phaseolusaureus Roxb.) in north Bihar." volume="26" year="1985">Sinha et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae are soil dwelling and feed on root hairs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Srivastava, KM" journalOrPublisher="PANS" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="333 - 335" title="A review of the pest complex of kharif pulses in Uttar Pradesh." url="10.1080/09670877609412068" volume="22" year="1976">Srivastava and Singh 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, PK" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Zootomy" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="91 - 95" title="Important insect pests of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L.) in agroecosystem of eastern Uttar Pradesh." volume="22" year="1981">Gupta and Singh 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Odak, SC" journalOrPublisher="Science and Culture" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="328 - 329" title="New record of Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby (Coleoptera-Chrysomelidae; Galerucinae) feeding on root nodules of leguminous crops." volume="44" year="1978">Odak and Thakur (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported larval feeding on the root nodules.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gowda, CLL" journalOrPublisher="Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dhaka" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" title="Pulses in Bangladesh." year="1982">Gowda and Kaul (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded adult feeding on leaves, buds and flowers.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gowda, DKS" journalOrPublisher="Insect Environment" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" title="Flea beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby on pigeonpea." volume="11" year="2006">Gowda et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also observed feeding damage by adults on the buds and flowers of pigeon pea.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reddy, DVR" journalOrPublisher="Current Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="109 - 110" title="Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby-a new vector of southern bean mosaic virus." volume="55" year="1986">Reddy and Varma (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established transmission of southern bean mosaic virus in cowpea by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The success in transmission varied from 25 to 43%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The extent of damage on black gram, green gram and cowpea was 20-60% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Srivastava, KM" journalOrPublisher="PANS" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="333 - 335" title="A review of the pest complex of kharif pulses in Uttar Pradesh." url="10.1080/09670877609412068" volume="22" year="1976">Srivastava and Singh 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is a common pest of mung bean in the first crop season
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="68" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
kharif) in India, coinciding with the southwest monsoon (June to October) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tiwari, AS" journalOrPublisher="Office of Information Services, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="129 - 131" title="Mungbean varietal requirements in relation to cropping seasons in India." year="1978">Tiwari 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, J" journalOrPublisher="Entomon" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="51 - 53" title="Heavy leaf damage of green gram and black gram by galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at Varanasi (U. P.)." volume="7" year="1982">Singh and Gupta (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated damage to the leaves of green gram and black gram. Infestation was more pronounced in black gram than in green gram. Infestation starts when the plants are in the two leaf-stage and the insects remain active until flowering (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dhuri, AV" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="396 - 401" title="Pest complex and succession of insect pests in black gram Vignamungo (L.) Hepper." volume="45" year="1983">Dhuri and Singh 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nayak, SK" journalOrPublisher="Shashpa" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="60 - 62" title="Pest complex and their succession on black gram, Vignamungo L." volume="12" year="2005">Nayak et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
In Haryana,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yadav, LS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="57 - 58" title="Pest complex of cowpea (Vignasinensis Savi) in Haryana." volume="24" year="1983">Yadav and Yadav (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it from cowpea and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mrig, KK" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="5 - 7" title="Incidence of insect-pests on garden bean, Dolichoslablab Linn." volume="26" year="1985">Mrig and Singh (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed maximum damage on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dolichos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dolichos lablab" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lablab">Dolichos lablab</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the third week of September, with the pest disappearing after the first week of November.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Faleiro, JR" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="287 - 291" title="Yield-infestation studies associated with insects infesting cowpea, Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp. in Delhi." volume="47" year="1985">Feleiro and Singh (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
carried out
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="yield–infestation">yield-infestation</normalizedToken>
|
||
studies to fix the critical stages of crops requiring protection. They observed that infestation in summer resulted in heavy yield losses, while the pest attack during the rainy season had no significant effect on yield.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lal, SS" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Pest Management" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="105 - 114" title="A review of insect pests of mungbean and their control in India." volume="31" year="1985">Lal (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reviewed information on the biology and control of insect pests of mung bean, including
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Faleiro, JR" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="54 - 61" title="Pest complex and succession of insect pests in cowpea Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp." volume="48" year="1986">Faleiro et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a sporadic, but major pest of cowpea. A peak population of 10.0-10.25 beetles/10 plants in summer and 29.50-30.25 beetles/10 plants in the rainy season were recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, PK" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="45 - 51" title="Population studies on insect pests of green gram (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek)." volume="55" year="1993">Gupta and Singh (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in green gram.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sahoo, BK" journalOrPublisher="Orissa Journal of Agricultural Research" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="74 - 76" title="Insect pests in green gram and black gram in the South Coastal Region of Orissa with notes on their seasonal activity." volume="7" year="1994">Sahoo and Patnaik (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the incidence of insect pests in green and black gram, and their seasonal activity and the extent of damage in Orissa.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
was severe on both the crops in the seedling and vegetative stages, and was the first pest to appear at seedling stage on rice bean, continuing to occur until flowering (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Satyanarayana, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="78 - 83" title="Insect pest succession in rice bean." volume="36" year="1995 b">Satyanarayana et al. 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ganapathy, N" journalOrPublisher="Madras Agricultural Journal" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" title="Pest status of pulses in Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu." volume="82" year="1995">Ganapathy and Durairaj (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it as an important pest on black gram and green gram in drought prone Pudukottai District, Tamil Nadu. There was more damage in black gram (9.78%) than in green gram (1.45%). However, there are also reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
only being a minor pest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Devesthali, S" journalOrPublisher="Indian Agriculturist" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="263 - 272" title="Infestation and varietal preference of insect pests in green gram." volume="38" year="1994">Devesthali and Joshi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, A" journalOrPublisher="Shashpa" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="113 - 114" title="Incidence of insect pests in urd [Vignamungo (Linn.) (Hepper)]." volume="5" year="1998">Kumar et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dhuri, AV" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="270 - 276" title="Incidence of insect pests in black gram Vignamungo (L.) Hepper." volume="46" year="1984">Dhuri et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed population buildup of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
under ambient temperature of about 32°C, longer duration of bright sunshine and high relative humidity coupled with intermittent rainfall.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sardana, HR" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="448 - 458" title="Preliminary studies on the prevalence of insect pests and their natural enemies on cowpea crop in relation to weather factors at Delhi." volume="48" year="1986">Sardana and Verma (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that maximum temperature and sunshine were negatively, but significantly, correlated with the population of the pest, while rainfall showed a significantly positive correlation. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours and wind velocity had a significantly negative correlation with damage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Irulandi, S" journalOrPublisher="Insect Environment" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="8 - 9" title="Effect of weather parameters on galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella (Jacoby) (Galerucidae: Coleoptera) and stemfly, Ophiomyiaphaseoli (Tryon) (Agromyzidae: Diptera) on green gram." volume="5" year="1999">Irulandi and Balasubramanian 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nayak, SK" journalOrPublisher="Shashpa" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="31 - 36" title="Effect of abiotic factors on the insect population build up on black gram, Vignamungo L. crop." volume="11" year="2004">Nayak et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a significantly negative correlation with minimum temperature and relative humidity during population buildup on black gram. The population did not show any correlation with maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, but it was highly and significantly correlated with minimum temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, R" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Plant Protection Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="366 - 369" title="Seasonal incidence of insect-pests on Vignamungo and its correlation with abiotic factors." volume="15" year="2007">Kumar et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Various cultivars of green gram (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Srivastava, AS" journalOrPublisher="Labdev Journal of Science and Technology (B (Life Sciences ))" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="221 - 222" title="Relative susceptibility of some green gram (Phaseolusaureus Roxb.) varieties to galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby and pod borer, Euchrysopscnejus Fabricius." volume="13" year="1975">Srivastava et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sahoo, BK" journalOrPublisher="Environment and Ecology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="345 - 347" title="Varietal susceptibility of different green gram and black gram cultivars to the leaf beetles and pod borer complex." volume="7" year="1989">Sahoo et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sahoo, BK" journalOrPublisher="Madras Agricultural Journal" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="84 - 86" title="Field screening of green gram germplasm against insect pest and disease complex." volume="78" year="1991">Sahoo and Hota 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and black gram (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sahoo, BK" journalOrPublisher="Environment and Ecology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="345 - 347" title="Varietal susceptibility of different green gram and black gram cultivars to the leaf beetles and pod borer complex." volume="7" year="1989">Sahoo et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) vary significantly in their susceptibility to the pest.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pandey, KC" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Genetics & Plant Breeding" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="198 - 203" title="Genetic evaluation of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.) lines for multiple pest resistance." volume="55" year="1995">Pandey et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that varieties with thicker leaves were preferred by the pest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Chemical control remains the most effective option against this pest. Several broad spectrum insecticides have been tried against
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Madurasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madurasia undulatovittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatovittata">Madurasia undulatovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with varying degrees of success (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Saxena, HP" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="470 - 471" title="Efficacy of some systemic granular insecticides against Galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby infesting kharif pulses." volume="33" year="1971">Saxena et al. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Naresh, JS" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="732 - 735" title="Efficacy of systemic granular and spray insecticides for the control of insect pests of black-gram (Phaseolusmungo Roxb.)." volume="42" year="1972">Naresh and Thakur 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Saxena, HP" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists' Newsletter" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="27 - 28" title="Effectiveness of carbofuran as seed treatment for controlling pest complex of ' moong' (Phaseolusaureus) and ' urd' (Phaseolusmungo)." volume="5" year="1975">Saxena et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verma, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists' Newsletter" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="41 - 42" title="Effect of phorate and endosulfan treatments on growth parameters of ' moong' and ' arhar' crops." volume="5" year="1975">
|
||
Verma and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="69" start="start">Pant</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verma, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists' Newsletter" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="52 - 53" title="Evaluation of phorate, monocrotophos and carbaryl against the pest of cowpea crop." volume="6" year="1976">Verma and Lal 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, HN" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists' Newsletter" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="44 - 45" title="Observations on the phytotoxicity and plant stand due to disulfoton and phorate seed treatment in Vignaradiata (' moong')." volume="7" year="1977">Vyas and Saxena 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verma, S" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="54 - 58" title="Evaluation of pesticides against the pests of cowpea crop (Vignasinensis Savi)." volume="40" year="1978">Verma and Lal 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yadav, LS" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Plant Protection" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="165 - 169" title="Effectiveness of certain insecticides against the insect pests of mung bean." volume="7" year="1979">Yadav et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, HN" journalOrPublisher="Pesticides" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" title="Some observations on the effectiveness of disulfoton and phorate seed treatment against galerucid beetle, jassid, plant height and yield of green gram." volume="15" year="1981">Vyas and Saxena 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chaudhary, JP" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="369 - 372" title="Effect of disulfoton granules on pest complex, crop growth and yield of green gram." volume="43" year="1981">Chaudhary et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rajendran, R" journalOrPublisher="Pesticides" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="35 - 36" title="A note on the control of pod-borers in black gram and green gram with dust formulations." volume="15" year="1981">Rajendran et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vyas, HN" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="689 - 693" title="Comparative efficacy of some insecticides against galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby, infesting green gram." volume="52" year="1982">Vyas and Saxena 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mishra, PN" journalOrPublisher="Madras Agricultural Journal" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="309 - 311" title="Phytotonic effects of insecticides in pigeon pea Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp." volume="70" year="1983">Mishra and Saxena 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, AK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="127 - 132" title="Translocation and dissipation of disulfoton in mung bean, Vignaradiatavar. aureus Huebn." volume="7" year="1983">Singh et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, J" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="221 - 231" title="Relative efficacy of some granular insecticides against galerucid beetle (Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby), an important pest of green gram." volume="46" year="1984">Singh and Gupta 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sinha, SN" journalOrPublisher="Seed Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="120 - 128" title="Field screening of insecticides for seed treatment of pulses. I. Green gram (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek)." volume="13" year="1985">Sinha 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gatoria, GS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural University" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="225 - 232" title="Effect of insecticidal and fertilizer applications on chewing insect pests of green gram." volume="25" year="1988">Gattoria and Singh 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rahman, MM" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="19 - 22" title="Efficacy of some promising insecticides on pest incidence, plant growth and grain yield of cowpea." volume="35" year="1988">Rahman 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rahman, MM" journalOrPublisher="International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="40 - 47" title="Progress and Prospects of Minor Pulses in Bangladesh." volumeTitle="Advances in pulses research in Bangladesh: proceedings of the second national workshop on pulses" year="1991 a">1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rahman, MM" journalOrPublisher="International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" pagination="139 - 146" title="Control Measures for Important Insect Pests of Major Pulses." volumeTitle="Advances in Pulses Research in Bangladesh: proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Pulses" year="1991 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chander, S" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="185 - 191" title="Control of galerucid beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby infesting green gram, Vignaradiata (L.) Wiczek." volume="51" year="1989">Chander and Singh 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sinha, SN" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="472 - 475" title="Effect of application of carbofuran granule along with seed on plant growth and seed yield of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata)." volume="59" year="1989">Sinha and Sharma 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verma, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Science" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="162 - 166" title="Efficacy and persistence of some insecticides against pests of cowpea." volume="3" year="1990">Verma and Dikshit 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Logiswaran, G" journalOrPublisher="Madras Agricultural Journal" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="39 - 41" title="Effect of seed treatment with insecticides on black gram galerucid beetle." volume="80" year="1993">Logiswaran and Gopalan 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uddin, MB" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="109 - 115" title="Effect of some insecticides on leaf growth and leaf infestation by galerucid beetle and grain yield of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp.)." volume="4" year="1994">Uddin et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, SB" journalOrPublisher="Insect Environment" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" pagination="39 - 40" title="Management of flea beetle in green gram, Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek." volume="5" year="1999">Das 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gowda, DKS" journalOrPublisher="Insect Environment" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" title="Flea beetle, Madurasiaobscurella Jacoby on pigeonpea." volume="11" year="2006">Gowda et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pandey, A" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Plant Protection Sciences" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="376 - 380" title="Management of pest complex of summer mung by granular insecticides." volume="15" year="2007">Pandey et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Application of neem seed kernel extract had no significant effect to increase yield in mung bean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yadav, LS" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Plant Protection" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" pagination="165 - 169" title="Effectiveness of certain insecticides against the insect pests of mung bean." volume="7" year="1979">Yadav et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Soundararajan, RP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biopesticides" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="7 - 11" title="Effect of bioinoculants on sucking pests and pod borer complex in urdbean." volume="4" year="2011">Soundararajan and Chitra (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tried biological control agents such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Caulobacteraceae" genus="Pseudomonas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Pseudomonas flourescens" order="Caulobacterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="flourescens">Pseudomonas flourescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Beauveria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Beauveria bassiana" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="bassiana">Beauveria bassiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
and reported that intercropping black gram with sorghum reduced infestation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Soundararajan, RP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" pagination="208 - 219" title="Impact of intercrops on insect pests of black gram, Vignamungo L." url="10.3923/je.2012.208.219" volume="9" year="2012">Soundararajan and Chitra 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |