571 lines
62 KiB
XML
571 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.57297" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23f2b902-2269-4d39-af74-90410d5c6c97" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236411" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-161" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A91B07B1D7AA5CDDA192F6C1CE84C726" ID-ZooBank="C0EFA214ACB845BDB763822C41FEEDB6" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20A1D4E2-40E5-49C1-8F4D-1580EAD87531" ModsDocID="1860-0743-97-1-161" checkinTime="1621423258069" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Koppetsch, Thore, Necas, Petr & Wipfler, Benjamin" docDate="2021" docId="69833A36AA0255B28404A91EA1C1BE85" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 97(1): 161-179" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1)" docPubDate="2021-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.57297" docTitle="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="20A1D4E2-40E5-49C1-8F4D-1580EAD87531" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="A91B07B1D7AA5CDDA192F6C1CE84C726" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="A91B07B1D7AA5CDDA192F6C1CE84C726" masterDocTitle="A new chameleon of the Trioceros affinis species complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) from Ethiopia" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1643428706595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new chameleon of the Trioceros affinis species complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) from Ethiopia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Koppetsch, Thore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">t.koppetsch@leibniz-zfmk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Necas, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Archaius, Rozdelovaci 1380, CZ- 66434, Kurim, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wipfler, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>97</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>161</mods:start>
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<mods:end>179</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.57297</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.57297</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C0EFA214ACB845BDB763822C41FEEDB6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A91B07B1D7AA5CDDA192F6C1CE84C726</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236411" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20A1D4E2-40E5-49C1-8F4D-1580EAD87531" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/69833A36AA0255B28404A91EA1C1BE85" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/20A1D4E2-40E5-49C1-8F4D-1580EAD87531" authority="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler, 2021" authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei" status="sp. nov.">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="161">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Petr Necas" country="Ethiopia" elevation="3130" latitude="7.1027775" location="Bale Mountains" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.790276" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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ZFMK 84811, adult male, Dinsho (
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" unit="m" value="3130.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" unit="m" value="3130.0">3,130 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="7.1027775">7°06'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="39.790276">39°47'25"E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69833A36AA0255B28404A91EA1C1BE85:2FBBD251F618D8A7F9740E5AEEC2476E" country="Ethiopia" latitude="7.1027775" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.790276" name="Bale Mountains">Bale Mountains</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, collected by
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<collectorName>
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Petr
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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on the 6. August, 2004 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2A, C, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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The preserved adult male
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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(ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A.</emphasis>
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) and adult female
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<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
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(ZFMK 84813) from Goba (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B.</emphasis>
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) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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in left (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C.</emphasis>
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) and right (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D.</emphasis>
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) view and of the
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<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
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in left (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E.</emphasis>
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) and right (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F.</emphasis>
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) view. Scale bars represent
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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. Photos by Thore Koppetsch.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-10" collectorName="Petr Necas, Colin Tilbury" country="Ethiopia" elevation="2740" latitude="7.01" location="Bale Mountains" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.95778" municipality="Bale Mountains" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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ZFMK 84812, adult female, with the same locality and collecting data as the
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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; ZFMK 84813, adult female, Goba (
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" unit="m" value="2740.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" unit="m" value="2740.0">2,740 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="7.01">7°00'36"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="39.95778">39°57'28"E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:69833A36AA0255B28404A91EA1C1BE85:52A19DEAFAD53577262B5AF8724F3AF0" country="Ethiopia" latitude="7.01" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.95778" municipality="Bale Mountains" name="Bale Mountains">Bale Mountains</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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collected by
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<collectorName>
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Petr
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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on the 7. August, 2004 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2B, E, F</figureCitation>
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); ZFMK 63063, adult female,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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from Goba (
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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),
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<collectingMunicipality>Bale Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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collected by
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<collectorName>Colin Tilbury</collectorName>
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in
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<collectingDate value="1996-10">October 1996</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is a small-sized chameleon of the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rueppell" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros affinis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species complex (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" author="Ceccarelli, FS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="125 - 136" refId="B4" refString="Ceccarelli, FS, Menegon, M, Tolley, KA, Tilbury, CR, Gower, DJ, Laserna, MH, Kasahun, R, Rodriguez-Prieto, A, Hagmann, R, Loader, SP, 2014. Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 80: 125 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" title="Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" volume="80" year="2014">Ceccarelli et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). It can be distinguished from all other members of the same species complex by the following combination of characters:
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518516" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Digital elevation map of Ethiopia (generated by using the geographic information system ArcGIS 10.0; elevation in m a.s.l) indicating the currently known distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. east of the Ethiopian Rift in the northern Bale Mountains (red stars; left star: Dinsho, right star: Goba). Black star: Addis Abeba. Grey dots show records of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on distributional data after
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<bibRefCitation author="Largen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" refId="B29" refString="Largen, MJ, Spawls, S, 2010. The amphibians and reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="The amphibians and reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea." year="2010">Largen and Spawls (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" author="Ceccarelli, FS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="125 - 136" refId="B4" refString="Ceccarelli, FS, Menegon, M, Tolley, KA, Tilbury, CR, Gower, DJ, Laserna, MH, Kasahun, R, Rodriguez-Prieto, A, Hagmann, R, Loader, SP, 2014. Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 80: 125 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" title="Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" volume="80" year="2014">Ceccarelli et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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. The status of these different Ethiopian populations of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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will be investigated in more detail in further ongoing studies.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(1) presence of a prominent and well-developed dorsal crest consisting of a relatively low number of significantly pointed and enlarged conical scales, forming a single row and reaching along the anterior half the tail;</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518517" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Volume renders of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µCT">µCT</normalizedToken>
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scans of the hemipenes of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rueppell" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros affinis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZFMK 54264) (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A-C.</emphasis>
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) and the holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (ZFMK 84811) (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D-F.</emphasis>
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) in asulcal (left), lateral (middle) and sulcal view (right) with the apex on top. ro - rotulae; pa - papillae; ca - calyces.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(2) top of the casque posteriorly raised above the dorsal crest;</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(3) heterogeneous body scalation with both small scattered standard scales and enlarged flattened plate-like scales;</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(4) long canthus parietalis formed by 9-12 slightly enlarged scales;</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(5) rugose head scalation consisting of enlarged scales forming the cranial crests that fill the area between the lateral and temporal crest and the posterior rim of the orbit;</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(6) relatively high number of flank scales at midbody (53-59);</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(7) relatively short snout-vent length (up to 66 mm);</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">(8) a unique hemipenial morphology including shallow calyces with smooth margins on the truncus, four pairs of thick, pointed and thorn-like papillae and two pairs of non-serrated rotulae.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is a small-sized chameleon with a total length of 156.3 mm (snout-vent length of 65.3 mm and a tail length of 91.0 mm) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The head is relatively short, 18.9 mm long (HW/HL 0.54). The head scalation is rugose consisting of enlarged scales forming the cranial crests and filling the area between the lateral and temporal crest and the posterior rim of the orbit (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
; see Suppl. material 3: Dorsal head views). The top of the casque is raised posteriorly above the dorsal crest. Nine convex, enlarged and tubercular scales form the parietal crest. The casque is 11.7 mm high (RCH 0.91) and exceeds the dorsal crest on the neck by 3.2 mm (RCN 0.25). The parietal crest is 9.2 mm long. The temporal region is covered by prominent enlarged scales of larger size than the standard scales on flanks and limbs. The gular crest is absent in preserved specimens - in life, it is visible as two parallel paramesial skin folds on the throat. The temporal crest is weakly expressed; it is present merely as the caudodorsal emargination of the triangular temporal field of enlarged scales, described above. No gular grooves are present on the throat. The scalation on the eye turrets consists of granular scales, gradually slightly enlarged towards the eye opening. The supraorbital crest is formed by a single row of enlarged, pointed and sub-conical scales. Supralabials 16, infralabials 17. Between the supra-orbital crests, 12 inter-orbital scales, including crest scales, are present.
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</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">The prominent and well-developed dorsal crest consists of a relatively low number (37) of significantly pointed and enlarged conical scales, forming a single row and reaching along the anterior half of the tail as a prominent tail crest. The size of the dorsal crest scales is gradually decreasing posteriorly. The ventral crest is indicated by slightly enlarged conical scales forming a white midventral line.</paragraph>
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|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518518" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Principal component analysis (PCA) of morphological differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rueppell" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros affinis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(lectotype/paralectotype/males/females/juveniles) and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. wolfgangboehmei" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (male/females). Principal component axes refer to the first two principal components.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</caption>
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|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">The body scalation is heterogeneous and consists both of small scattered standard tubercular scales and, across the flanks, but especially dorso-laterally, enlarged flattened lenticular scales. The ventral regions of limbs and tail are covered by a fine granular sub-homogeneous scalation. No tarsal spurs are present on the hind-feet, toes terminate in a single, white claw and the soles of the extremities are smooth.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The hemipenes are everted and illustrated in asulcal, lateral and sulcal view with the apex on top (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Volume renders of the µCT scans of the hemipenes of Trioceros affinis (ZFMK 54264) (A-C.) and the holotype of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. (ZFMK 84811) (D-F.) in asulcal (left), lateral (middle) and sulcal view (right) with the apex on top. ro - rotulae; pa - papillae; ca - calyces." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518517" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4D-F</figureCitation>
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|
). On the asulcal side of the truncus, shallow calyces with smooth margins are present. The most prominent calyces are located on the distal aspect of the asulcal side. The sulcal lips covering the sulcus spermaticus are partially relatively smooth. Two pairs of unserrated rotulae are located on the apex, with the asulcal pair being of slightly larger size. On the sulcal side, four pairs of thick pointed and thorn-like papillae are arranged in a row between the rotulae. The papillae distally to the rotulae are the largest, the proximal ones are the smallest. Mensural and meristic data on the holotype are shown in Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Mensural and meristic measurements of type specimens of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. and male, female and juvenile individuals of T. affinis examined (including the lectotype material). For the specimens of T. affinis linear measurements (in mm) and scale counts are given as mean values (Mean) + / - standard deviation (SD) and sample size (N), minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) are shown. Presence (present) and absence (-) of characters are indicated. Characters used for statistical analysis are marked with a star (*). See Materials and Methods for explanation of the single character abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/10CFD654C8712FCDD087DE419BAA1B3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="10CFD654C8712FCDD087DE419BAA1B3A">1</tableCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="colouration in life">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Colouration in life.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The ground body colour of living specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is yellowish, brownish or even bright green and varies in different individuals (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Living individual of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Dinsho, Ethiopia showing a prominent white temporal spot and dorsolateral longitudinal stripe. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518519" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Living individual of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing a beige ground pattern with slight reddish stripes in the head region around the orbit. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518520" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). Most specimens show a prominent bright white temporal spot posterior of the orbit formed by enlarged flattened scales (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Living individual of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Dinsho, Ethiopia showing a prominent white temporal spot and dorsolateral longitudinal stripe. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518519" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of a living Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518522" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">9</figureCitation>
|
|
). A dorso-lateral bright white or slightly orange longitudinal stripe can be found in many individuals. This dorsolateral stripe often is continuous, spreading along the flanks, but can be interrupted and form a Y-shaped pattern laterally (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral detail of a living Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing the heterogeneous body scalation with both small scattered tubercles and enlarged flattened plate-like scales. In this individual the dorsolateral stripe is interrupted and forms a Y-shaped pattern on the flanks. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518521" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">8</figureCitation>
|
|
). This dorso-lateral pattern is corresponding with the occurrence of enlarged and flattened scales. The colour of the dorsal crest only slightly differs from the background colouration by being a little bit darker or brighter. A white stripe is present on the weakly expressed ventral crest. The throat region is usually of lighter colour in comparison to the ground colour. In some specimens, a beige ground pattern with slight reddish stripes can be found in the head region around the orbit. It ranges from dorsal to the nostrils around the entire eye turret to the casque and is bordered posteriorly by the temporal crest (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Living individual of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing a beige ground pattern with slight reddish stripes in the head region around the orbit. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518520" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). The limbs exhibit the same colour as the body, though they are coloured beige or yellowish medially.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518519" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Living individual of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. from Dinsho, Ethiopia showing a prominent white temporal spot and dorsolateral longitudinal stripe. Photo by Petr
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518520" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Living individual of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing a beige ground pattern with slight reddish stripes in the head region around the orbit. Photo by Petr
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518521" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral detail of a living
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing the heterogeneous body scalation with both small scattered tubercles and enlarged flattened plate-like scales. In this individual the dorsolateral stripe is interrupted and forms a Y-shaped pattern on the flanks. Photo by Petr
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="colouration in preservative">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Colouration in preservative.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The male holotype shows a dark, blackish body colouration, except on fore- and hindlimbs, the dorsal part of the tail, the posterior head region and the throat, which are of pale whitish colour (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
). A white midventral crest reaches from the throat to the cloaca. In the female paratypes, the more or less interrupted, sometimes Y-shaped, dorsolateral stripe is coloured orange, and also a whitish temporal spot or at least indistinct whitish colouration beyond the orbit can be recognised (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
Variation in mensural and meristic characters for the adult type series is shown in Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Mensural and meristic measurements of type specimens of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. and male, female and juvenile individuals of T. affinis examined (including the lectotype material). For the specimens of T. affinis linear measurements (in mm) and scale counts are given as mean values (Mean) + / - standard deviation (SD) and sample size (N), minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) are shown. Presence (present) and absence (-) of characters are indicated. Characters used for statistical analysis are marked with a star (*). See Materials and Methods for explanation of the single character abbreviations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/10CFD654C8712FCDD087DE419BAA1B3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="10CFD654C8712FCDD087DE419BAA1B3A">1</tableCitation>
|
|
. The female paratypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. show only slight differences in snout-vent length (ranging from 59.7 mm to 65.8 mm vs. 65.3 mm in the male holotype). Females show a slightly lower relative tail length (ranging from 0.54 to 0.56 vs. 0.58 in the male holotype) as well as a lower head width/head length ratio (ranging from 0.51 to 0.53 vs. 0.54 in the male holotype). In the female paratypes, only 11 (vs. 12 in the holotype) inter-orbital scales between the supraorbital crests are present. Some female specimens show a longer parietal crest (PCL/SVL ranging from 0.15 to 0.19) compared to the male holotype (PCL/SVL 0.14).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The female paratypes show a variable dorsolateral colouration (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The preserved adult male holotype (ZFMK 84811) from Dinsho (A.) and adult female paratype (ZFMK 84813) from Goba (B.) of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. Head morphology: Head of the holotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paratype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Thore Koppetsch." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518515" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
) by having an orange coloured, more or less interrupted, sometimes Y-shaped, dorsolateral stripe (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral detail of a living Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing the heterogeneous body scalation with both small scattered tubercles and enlarged flattened plate-like scales. In this individual the dorsolateral stripe is interrupted and forms a Y-shaped pattern on the flanks. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518521" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">8</figureCitation>
|
|
). In addition, the temporal light spot is more prominent and coloured white or orange (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Living individual of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Dinsho, Ethiopia showing a prominent white temporal spot and dorsolateral longitudinal stripe. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518519" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of a living Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518522" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">9</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518522" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Head of a living
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia. Photo by Petr
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
Field observations of juvenile specimens around Goba show that the characteristic heterogeneous body scalation of adults (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral detail of a living Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia, showing the heterogeneous body scalation with both small scattered tubercles and enlarged flattened plate-like scales. In this individual the dorsolateral stripe is interrupted and forms a Y-shaped pattern on the flanks. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518521" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">8</figureCitation>
|
|
) can be clearly recognised already at early age (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Living juvenile of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia. Photo by Petr Necas." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518523" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10</figureCitation>
|
|
). Juveniles are uniform reddish brown with a slightly lighter gular and ventral regions.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518523" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Living juvenile of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. nov. from Goba, Ethiopia. Photo by Petr
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be distinguished by a unique combination of morphological features from the other representatives of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurring in Ethiopia (see the key to the Ethiopian
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
provided below). It can be separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. bitaeniatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="bitaeniatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. bitaeniatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by lacking a midventral gular crest composed of conical scales; the absence of a dorsal crest with isolated groups of 3-5 enlarged scales; the lack of a low but prominent parietal crest and in not showing two longitudinal rows of enlarged flattened scales on the flanks forming a pair of lateral stripes differentiated in colour. Also,
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. harennae" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="harennae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. harennae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from the newly described species by possessing a single gular crest that is conspicuously well-developed and formed by long, sometimes even laterally flattened scales.
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. balebicornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="balebicornutus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. balebicornutus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished by a conspicuous gular crest and the shape and arrangement of the rostral scales. Males have a pair of rostral horns, while females show a pair of rostral pointed conical scales (or rugose and prominently enlarged warty scales in some females).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The new chameleon
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. shows the closest morphological resemblance to
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and is considered as a member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species complex (sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" author="Ceccarelli, FS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="125 - 136" refId="B4" refString="Ceccarelli, FS, Menegon, M, Tolley, KA, Tilbury, CR, Gower, DJ, Laserna, MH, Kasahun, R, Rodriguez-Prieto, A, Hagmann, R, Loader, SP, 2014. Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 80: 125 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" title="Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" volume="80" year="2014">Ceccarelli et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Also, previous phylogenetic analyses revealed that populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Addis Abeba show about 5% sequence divergence in the genetic marker ND4 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4) compared to individuals from the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. wolfgangboehmei" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" author="Ceccarelli, FS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="125 - 136" refId="B4" refString="Ceccarelli, FS, Menegon, M, Tolley, KA, Tilbury, CR, Gower, DJ, Laserna, MH, Kasahun, R, Rodriguez-Prieto, A, Hagmann, R, Loader, SP, 2014. Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 80: 125 - 136, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" title="Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.023" volume="80" year="2014">Ceccarelli et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sensu stricto, as defined by the lectotype specimen (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The preserved male lectotype (SMF 16402) (A.) and female paralectotype (SMF 16403) (B.) of Trioceros affinis collected by E. Rueppell 1834 and designated by Robert Mertens. Head morphology: Head of the lectotype in left (C.) and right (D.) view and of the paralectotype in left (E.) and right (F.) view. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Photos by Morris Flecks." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518514" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">1</figureCitation>
|
|
), differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. wolfgangboehmei" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by having a less prominent dorsal crest consisting of a relatively higher number of smaller conical scales reaching to the base of the tail, a flat casque not raised above the level of the dorsal crest, no rugose and only slightly enlarged scales on the head and by showing a shorter canthus parietalis formed by a lower number of slightly enlarged scales. Although the new species shares single characters, but not in combination with each other or the exclusive scalation patterns described above, with some
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
populations e.g. from south-western Ethiopia, like a heterogeneous body scalation, relatively high number of flank scales at midbody and a relatively short snout-vent length, these characteristics are useful when distinguishing between new species and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens without precise indication of origin.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
Concerning its hemipenial morphology,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is distinct from
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which shows serrated rotulae (also present in
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. balebicornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="balebicornutus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. balebicornutus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and slightly deeper calyces (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Volume renders of the µCT scans of the hemipenes of Trioceros affinis (ZFMK 54264) (A-C.) and the holotype of Trioceros wolfgangboehmei sp. nov. (ZFMK 84811) (D-F.) in asulcal (left), lateral (middle) and sulcal view (right) with the apex on top. ro - rotulae; pa - papillae; ca - calyces." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.57297.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/518517" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">4</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The specific epithet honours Wolfgang
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
|
|
, senior herpetologist at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Germany, for his numerous contributions to research on chameleons, for his outstanding and ongoing herpetological research in general, and, last but not least, for his continuously generous support of the first as well as second author and numerous junior zoologists. The species epithet is a noun in the genitive case.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is only known from the region around Dinsho and Goba in south-central Ethiopia. Those two villages are located directly in the Bale Mountains. The new species appears to be restricted to this area and can be considered as another endemic for the Bale Mountains.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is not occurring syntopically with the two other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species distributed in the Bale Mountains,
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. harennae" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="harennae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. harennae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. balebicornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="balebicornutus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">T. balebicornutus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which are confined to their southern slopes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. naturally occurs on the northern and north-eastern slopes of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. It was found at 3,130 m a.s.l. (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
, pers.obs.) as well as at altitudes around 2,700 m (Tilbury 1998), but they might well climb higher within the National Park areas, and, they drop lower, living in the city centres of Goba (2,750 m a.s.l.) and Robe (2,500 m a.s.l.) and even in the northern suburbs of Robe around 2,400 m a.s.l. (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
, pers. obs.). They are typical forest-edge inhabitants, not entering continuous forest zones. The perch height was recorded to reach from 0.7 m to 2.1 m above ground for the adults, with the majority of animals found at 1 to 1.5 m height, despite the possibility to climb higher. Juveniles tend to stay lower; they were recorded between 0.3 and 1 m high. Two predation records were made, a domestic cat and Somali Shrike (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Laniidae" genus="Lanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lanius somalicus" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="somalicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Lanius somalicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hartlaub, 1859) (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
, pers. obs.).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. prefers to live on small trees and bushes; juveniles can be found in grass, but always adjacent to trees and bushes. They are absent from large monoculture fields, while they form quite dense populations in traditional small fields and gardens. Based on field surveys and observations, the population density was estimated in 2004 to be even lower in the natural habitats within the National park (ca. 20-40 individuals per hectare) compared to surrounding gardens and local farms areas (ca. 80-110 individuals per hectare) (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
, pers. obs.). The reason for higher densities in disturbed habitats is, that the living fences between fields and gardens are actually simulating the natural habitat: forest edge in much higher density, than under natural conditions, where they seem to be confined either to the real forest edge or microbiotopes at clearings, along water streams etc. This phenomenon is common for some other Afromontane species, confined to forest edge.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
|
The currently known distribution range of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. is restricted to a small region on the northern slopes of the Bale mountains. A part of the population is well protected within the Bale Mountains National Park, but another part is living outside, in the agriculturally used areas and even in gardens and remnants of vegetation in the local villages (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nečas">Necas</normalizedToken>
|
|
, pers. obs.). The man-modified landscape and a traditional way of agricultural land usage can have a positive impact on the abundance of chameleon populations, with occasionally higher densities in rural than in pristine areas. Their dependence on the forest is indirect, as they are evidently a forest edge species. Habitat destruction and fragmentation might be caused particularly by urbanisation, fires, monocultures, deforestation, aridisation and, in urban areas, increased predation by carnivores such as domestic cats. Chameleons, in general, are especially threatened by transformation of their habitats since their dispersal abilities to access and spread in new areas are limited and often they are highly adapted to well-defined ecological and climatic conditions. Due to its small distribution range and restricted area of occupancy on the one hand, but partially profiting from human-induced habitat changes on the other, it is likely that
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koppetsch & Nečas & Wipfler" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trioceros wolfgangboehmei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolfgangboehmei">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Trioceros wolfgangboehmei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. would be threatened. However, the species and its distribution remain insufficiently known, since - apart from our field observations - robust data concerning its conservation status are missing.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |