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<mods:title id="14B624E077B7290150B717DF66EF06A5">On two enigmatic spiders (Araneae: Cybaeidae &amp; Phrurolithidae) from the Russian Far East</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96F3884AB4BEF6372CEB08D4DFEFC449">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7D397C8102D81EF7BA240E1975B224D">Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Portovaya Street 18, Magadan 685000, Russia &amp; Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa &amp; yurmar @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4499 - 5148</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3802F0161E136BA24FD73E314B20AF28">Omelko, Mikhail M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE42DB0C54F3019B5FD769FC144165D9">Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia &amp; Far Eastern Federal University, Laboratory of ecology and evolutionary biology of aquatic organisms (LEEBAO), School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok 690091, Russia &amp; omelkom @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1556 - 6248</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8BC534317DDA92D5CA4E3FE84AE5EE27">Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F59C4FE643D8A2B18AF4C824637FB8E0">Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI- 20014 University of Turku, Finland &amp; sepkopo @ utu. fi; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9113 - 7488</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FF5CFCFC1405AF61" ID-CoL="3XSD" ID-ENA="634048" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,583,835,862]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF5CFCFC1405AF61" bold="true" box="[151,583,835,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF5CFCFC1745AF62" bold="true" box="[151,263,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Cybaeota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FEC4FCFC1405AF61" author="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W." box="[271,583,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref4544" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W. (1933) A new genus in the family Agelenidae. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 23 (5), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1933">Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF5CFC3712FFAFA3" blockId="1.[151,1213,903,928]" box="[151,1213,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F6F477DA163C18FF5CFC3712FFAFA3" box="[151,1213,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<treatmentCitation id="4847F548DA163C18FF5CFC371458AF9C" author="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W." box="[151,538,904,928]" page="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FF5CFC371458AF9C" ID-CoL="3XSD" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933: 3" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,538,904,928]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF5CFC3716BAAF9C" box="[151,248,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Cybaeota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FF34FC371458AF9C" author="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W." box="[255,538,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref4544" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W. (1933) A new genus in the family Agelenidae. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 23 (5), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1933">Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933: 3</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="4847F548DA163C18FDEEFC3714ACAFA3" author="Lehtinen, P. T." box="[549,750,903,928]" page="226" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FDEEFC3714ACAFA3" author="Lehtinen, P. T." box="[549,750,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="199 - 468" refId="ref4582" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen 1967: 226</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4847F548DA163C18FD32FC3715B2AF9C" author="Roth, V. D. &amp; Brame, P. L." box="[761,1008,904,928]" page="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FD32FC3715B2AF9C" author="Roth, V. D. &amp; Brame, P. L." box="[761,1008,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref4794" refString="Roth, V. D. &amp; Brame, P. L. (1972) Nearctic genera of the spider family Agelenidae (Arachnida, Araneida). American Museum Novitates, 2505, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1972">Roth &amp; Brame 1972: 17</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="4847F548DA163C18FC30FC3712FBAFA3" author="Bennett, R. G." box="[1019,1209,903,928]" page="105" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FC30FC3712FBAFA3" author="Bennett, R. G." box="[1019,1209,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="103 - 119" refId="ref4515" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1988) The spider genus Cybaeota (Araneae, Agelenidae). Journal of Arachnology, 16, 103 - 119." type="journal article" year="1988">Bennett 1988: 105</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF5CFC7A14F4AFE1" blockId="1.[151,694,965,989]" box="[151,694,965,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF5CFC7A1761AFE1" bold="true" box="[151,291,965,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<typeStatus id="165D6DFBDA163C18FF5CFC7A168EAFE1" box="[151,204,965,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FEE1FC7914F0AFE1" authority="Emerton, 1911" authorityName="Emerton" authorityYear="1911" box="[298,690,965,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Liocranum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratum">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FEE1FC791450AFE1" box="[298,530,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Liocranum calcaratum</emphasis>
Emerton, 1911
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="81FC80D2DA163C18FF5CFBB41286A979" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF5CFBB41286A979" blockId="1.[151,1437,1035,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF5CFBB41750A819" bold="true" box="[151,274,1035,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This genus differs from other genera placed in
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FCEFFBB415D8A819" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1892" box="[804,922,1035,1061]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cybaeidae</taxonomicName>
by the habitus, spination, and the bases of the ventral leg spines with a locking mechanism (see
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FD05FB8F15E1A876" author="Bennett, R. G." box="[718,931,1071,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="103 - 119" refId="ref4515" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1988) The spider genus Cybaeota (Araneae, Agelenidae). Journal of Arachnology, 16, 103 - 119." type="journal article" year="1988">Bennett 1988: 105</bibRefCitation>
), like in
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FBC2FB8F13DEA876" authority="C. L. Koch, 1847" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1847" box="[1033,1436,1071,1098]" class="Arachnida" family="Zoridae" genus="Zora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FBC2FB8F127DA875" box="[1033,1087,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Zora</emphasis>
C.L. Koch, 1847 (Miturgidae)
</taxonomicName>
and some phrurolithids (
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<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FE63FBEC1446A851" box="[424,516,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Otacilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FDDAFBEC14DDA851" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" box="[529,671,1107,1133]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Phrurolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FDDAFBEC14DDA851" box="[529,671,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Phrurolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), amongst others. Regarding the shape of the copulatory organs, it is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FE8FFBC814AFA8AD" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1937" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1937" box="[324,749,1143,1169]" class="Arachnida" family="Hahniidae" genus="Calymmaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FE8FFBC81792A8AD" box="[324,464,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Calymmaria</emphasis>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1937
</taxonomicName>
from the Nearctic Region by having a very similar male palp, with a short embolus directed posteriorly, and a similar two-armed conductor directed retrolaterally having a stem directed posteriorly, and an epigyne with globular receptacles.
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FC9FFB0015FDA8E5" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1933" box="[852,959,1215,1241]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FC9FFB0015FDA8E5" box="[852,959,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Cybaeota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FB26FB00133BA8E5" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1937" box="[1261,1401,1215,1241]" class="Arachnida" family="Hahniidae" genus="Calymmaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FB26FB00133BA8E5" box="[1261,1401,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Calymmaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the generally smaller size (ca
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,
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FDFCFB5B140CA8C1" box="[567,590,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
.
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), by the more numerous tibial spines on leg I (5 pairs
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FAE5FB5B1307A8C1" box="[1326,1349,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
. 2), the epigyne lacking long copulatory ducts (shorter than the radius of receptacle
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FBCAFAB7125AA91D" box="[1025,1048,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
. longer), and by the more closely spaced receptacles (less than one radius
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FD91FA931433A979" box="[602,625,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
. more). The male palps are almost indistinguishable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FC80D2DA163C18FF0CFAF012B6A9B2" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="description">
<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF0CFAF0147DA955" blockId="1.[151,1437,1035,1638]" box="[199,575,1359,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF0CFAF0171BA955" bold="true" box="[199,345,1359,1385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Description.</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FE44FAEF147EA955" author="Bennett, R. G." box="[399,572,1359,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" pagination="103 - 119" refId="ref4515" refString="Bennett, R. G. (1988) The spider genus Cybaeota (Araneae, Agelenidae). Journal of Arachnology, 16, 103 - 119." type="journal article" year="1988">Bennett (1988)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF0CFACC12B6A9B2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1035,1638]" box="[199,1268,1395,1422]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF0CFACC1725A9B1" bold="true" box="[199,359,1395,1421]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Composition.</emphasis>
The genus comprises five species, including the new one described in this paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FC80D2DA163C18FF0CFA281707A9C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF0CFA281707A9C5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1035,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF0CFA281723A98D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1431,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Distribution.</emphasis>
Until our discovery,
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FD99FA2814FFA98D" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1933" box="[594,701,1431,1457]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FD99FA2814FFA98D" box="[594,701,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Cybaeota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known exclusively from the Nearctic, from
<collectingRegion id="0B221DBBDA163C18FB21FA28137AA98D" box="[1258,1336,1431,1457]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Alaska</collectingRegion>
to Newfoundland and south to southernmost
<collectingRegion id="0B221DBBDA163C18FDF6FA0414EDA9E9" box="[573,687,1467,1493]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD77AEA8DA163C18FD76FA04157DA9E9" author="WSC" box="[701,831,1467,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" refId="ref4833" refString="WSC (2020) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 10 March 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="url" year="2020">WSC 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Our record extends the genus range to the southeastern Palaearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FC80D2DA163C18FF0CF9BC148CAA59" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C959D359DA163C18FF0CF9BC148CAA59" blockId="1.[151,1437,1035,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FF0CF9BC170DAA21" bold="true" box="[199,335,1539,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Comments.</emphasis>
Judging from the similarity between the copulatory organs in
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FBEEF9BC12F3AA21" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1937" box="[1061,1201,1539,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Hahniidae" genus="Calymmaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FBEEF9BC12F3AA21" box="[1061,1201,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Calymmaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FB25F9BC131BAA21" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1933" box="[1262,1369,1539,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB920F4BDA163C18FB25F9BC131BAA21" box="[1262,1369,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="248">Cybaeota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned in the diagnosis, and dissimilarity with other Cybaeinae and
<taxonomicName id="0EE6A8DADA163C18FC4EF99815BCAA7D" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1892" box="[901,1022,1575,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cybaeidae</taxonomicName>
, these two genera may deserve status of a separate taxon of the family group name rank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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