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<heading id="E5732E48DA3D3E5B0AC1FDA5FC32FDBF" bold="true" box="[151,956,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0AC1FDA5FC32FDBF" authority="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityName="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,956,548,574]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tutul">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0AC1FDA5FED0FDBF" bold="true" box="[151,350,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Himantura tutul</emphasis>
Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA3D3E5B0AC1FDC7FED4FDDE" blockId="7.[151,956,548,607]" box="[151,346,582,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
(
<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA3D3E5B0AC9FDC7FE8FFDDE" box="[159,257,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,202,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neighbor-Joining trees of p-distances based on 1,044 bp of aligned NADH2 sequence data for individual batoid genera or groups of genera. Taxon names are followed by country, host specimen number (in parentheses), and GenBank number. Outgroup taxa used in each analysis were omitted from the individual trees. Scale bar values indicate substitutions per site. Specimens deposited in the Blue Resources Trust Ichthyology Collection are indicted by stars (see text for details). A. Aetobatus (Aetobatidae). B. Brevitrygon (Dasyatidae). C. Himantura (Dasyatidae). D. Maculabatis (Dasyatidae). E. Neotrygon (Dasyatidae). F. Pastinachus (Dasyatidae). G. Pateobatis (Dasyatidae). H. Urogymnus (Dasyatidae)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637240/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Figs. 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA3D3E5B0B5BFDC6FE94FDDE" box="[269,282,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1480,1502]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,447,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,447,1458]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Himantura tutul (A–C) and Himantura undulata (D) (Dasyatidae). A. Dorsal surface of mature female (SL-8); inset showing scapular denticles. B. Dorsal surface of mature female (SL-42); inset showing scapular denticles. C. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-34); inset showing scapular denticles. D. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-33); inset showing scapular denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637250/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">7</figureCitation>
A–C)
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Eight specimens consistent in coloration with the
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0880FD0EFB95FD26" authority="(Gmelin)" authorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[726,1051,654,679]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0880FD0EFC24FD26" box="[726,938,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Himantura uarnak</emphasis>
(Gmelin)
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species complex were examined. These came from Palkanththura (SL-1), Pukulam (SL-8, SL-10), Baththalangunduwa Island (SL-12), and Puttalam (SL-14) landing sites in the
<collectingRegion id="7C4057C6DA3D3E5B0B83FD57FD67FD6E" box="[469,745,726,751]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">North Western Province</collectingRegion>
, and the Munai (SL-34, SL-42) and Kottadi (SL-61) markets in Point Pedro in the
<collectingRegion id="7C4057C6DA3D3E5B0BD1FD7BFDD5FC92" box="[391,603,762,787]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Northern" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
. The dorsal surface of the disc of all four immature specimens (SL-1, SL- 12, SL-34, and SL-61) had regular brown spots on a yellow or pale brown background. However, somewhat marked color pattern differences were seen among the four adult specimens. In two cases (SL-8 and SL-10), the dorsal surface of the disc is yellow to gray and bears numerous small spots that are essentially ocelli. In two other cases (SL-14 and SL-42), the dorsal surface of the disc is yellow and bears numerous, small, brown, irregular, elongate spots. However, the eight specimens differed from one another by only 0–4 bp and are thus likely conspecific. In terms of the identity of the Sri Lankan material, in the tree resulting from the Neighbor-Joining analysis, which included reference sequences of all five described members of the genus as well as the two undescribed species recognized by
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0879FB9BFCABFBB2" author="Naylor" box="[559,805,1050,1075]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19577" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. &amp; Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
Naylor
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08DEFB9DFD4AFBB2" box="[648,708,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
(2012a)
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as
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0907FB9DFBABFBB2" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[849,1061,1050,1075]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0907FB9DFBABFBB2" box="[849,1061,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Himantura uarnak</emphasis>
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1 and
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0E2DFB9DFAC1FBB2" box="[1147,1359,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Himantura uarnak</emphasis>
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4, the specimens from
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grouped most closely with the reference sequence of
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0E06FBBEFB25FBD6" authorityName="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityYear="2013" box="[1104,1195,1086,1111]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tutul">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0E06FBBEFB25FBD6" box="[1104,1195,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. tutul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KA-48;
<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA3D3E5B0F77FBBFFA16FBD6" box="[1313,1432,1086,1111]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ518800" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">JQ518800</accessionNumber>
; formerly
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0B54FBE5FEF8FBFA" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[258,374,1122,1147]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0B54FBE5FEF8FBFA" box="[258,374,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3 of
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0BE1FBE3FD16FBFA" author="Naylor" box="[439,664,1122,1147]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19577" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. &amp; Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
Naylor
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0858FBE5FDC6FBFA" box="[526,584,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
2012a
</bibRefCitation>
) from Indonesian Borneo. Although the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0F7AFBE3FA12FBFA" box="[1324,1436,1122,1147]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
differed from this specimen by 10–14 bp, the color pattern variation seen in our specimens from
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0F5BFB07FAF1FB1E" box="[1293,1407,1158,1183]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
is consistent with that seen in
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0B9BFB2DFDADFB42" authorityName="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityYear="2013" box="[461,547,1194,1219]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tutul">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0B9BFB2DFDADFB42" box="[461,547,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. tutul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B081BFB2AFC91FB42" author="Borsa" box="[589,799,1194,1219]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borsa" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="82 - 92" refId="ref16664" refString="Borsa, P., Durand, J. - D., Shen, K. - N., Arlyza, I. S., Solihin, D. D. &amp; Berrebi, P. (2013) Himantura tutul sp. nov. (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 336, 82 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2013.01.004" type="journal article" year="2013">
Borsa
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08C3FB2DFD40FB42" box="[661,718,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
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and
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0900FB2AFC76FB42" author="Borsa" box="[854,1016,1195,1219]" firstAuthor="Borsa" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="1170 - 1175" refId="ref16479" refString="Borsa, P. (2017 a) Comment on ' Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity by Weigmann (2016) '. Journal of Fish Biology, 90, 1170 - 1175. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13235" type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">Borsa (2017a)</bibRefCitation>
. We have assigned this name to these specimens at this time based on the following lines of evidence. (1) Our reference specimen (provisionally assigned the name
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0B5AFB75FE0CFA8A" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[268,386,1266,1291]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0B5AFB75FEAEFA8A" box="[268,288,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0B65FB73FE0CFA8A" box="[307,386,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3 by
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0B9BFB73FD3AFA8A" author="Naylor" box="[461,692,1266,1291]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19577" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. &amp; Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
Naylor
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0870FB75FDEDFA8A" box="[550,611,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
2012a
</bibRefCitation>
) from
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B095EFB73FCFBFA8A" box="[776,885,1266,1291]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
Borneo (i.e., KA-48) was also included in the molecular analyses of NADH2 sequence data by
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0891FA96FC16FAAE" author="Last" box="[711,920,1302,1327]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="345 - 368" refId="ref18604" refString="Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. &amp; Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 a) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139, 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">
Last
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08A9FA96FCB7FAAE" box="[767,825,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a)
</bibRefCitation>
who determined it to be conspecific with the three specimens from
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0BCFFABBFE70FAD2" box="[409,510,1338,1363]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(identified as
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B08FEFABDFC93FAD2" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[680,797,1338,1363]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08FEFABDFC93FAD2" box="[680,797,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) included in their analyses. (2) Results of unpublished analyses that included NADH2 sequence data for a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0932FADEFC5AFAF6" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[868,980,1374,1399]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0932FADEFC5AFAF6" box="[868,980,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we collected from its
<typeStatus id="613F2786DA3D3E5B0E9AFADEFB72FAF6" box="[1228,1276,1375,1399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Red Sea place this specimen as sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B089CFA05FB2FFA1B" authority="Manjaji-Matsumoto &amp; Last" authorityName="Manjaji-Matsumoto &amp; Last" authorityYear="2008" box="[714,1185,1410,1435]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoparda">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B089CFA05FCDBFA1A" box="[714,853,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. leoparda</emphasis>
Manjaji-Matsumoto &amp; Last
</taxonomicName>
, well away from our reference specimen of
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0BCFFA26FD82FA3E" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[409,524,1446,1471]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0BCFFA26FD82FA3E" box="[409,524,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3, suggesting that the name
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0902FA26FC49FA3E" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[852,967,1446,1471]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0902FA26FC49FA3E" box="[852,967,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not the appropriate name for the latter taxon. (3) Given point 1 above and the fact that the
<typeStatus id="613F2786DA3D3E5B088DFA4AFC85FA62" box="[731,779,1483,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B09DDFA4DFC6FFA62" authorityName="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityYear="2013" box="[907,993,1482,1507]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tutul">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B09DDFA4DFC6FFA62" box="[907,993,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. tutul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0E54FA4BFBE7FA62" box="[1026,1129,1482,1507]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, the latter name is the most appropriate to be applied to specimens provisionally identified as
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B09D0FA6EFC76F986" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[902,1016,1518,1543]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B09D0FA6EFC76F986" box="[902,1016,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3. (4) Given the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0F2DFA6FFF53F9AA" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
cluster with our reference specimen of
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B08CFF995FC84F9AA" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[665,778,1554,1579]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08CFF995FC84F9AA" box="[665,778,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3, these specimens should also be referred to as
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0F7DF995FA0EF9AA" authorityName="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityYear="2013" box="[1323,1408,1554,1579]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tutul">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0F7DF995FA0EF9AA" box="[1323,1408,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. tutul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at this time. However, conspecificity of these forms remains provisional until a substantially greater amount of morphological work can be conducted, especially given the extensive color pattern variation seen across the
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B0FD7F9DDFF68F916" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0FD7F9DDFF68F916" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0BBAF9FEFD21F916" author="Borsa" box="[492,687,1662,1687]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borsa" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="82 - 92" refId="ref16664" refString="Borsa, P., Durand, J. - D., Shen, K. - N., Arlyza, I. S., Solihin, D. D. &amp; Berrebi, P. (2013) Himantura tutul sp. nov. (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 336, 82 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2013.01.004" type="journal article" year="2013">
Borsa
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0862F9FEFDE3F916" box="[564,621,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B08EFF9FEFC8CF916" author="Borsa" box="[697,770,1663,1687]" firstAuthor="Borsa" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="1170 - 1175" refId="ref16479" refString="Borsa, P. (2017 a) Comment on ' Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity by Weigmann (2016) '. Journal of Fish Biology, 90, 1170 - 1175. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13235" type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="a">2017a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B095BF9FFFB0BF916" author="Manjaji-Matsumoto &amp; Last" box="[781,1157,1662,1687]" firstAuthor="Manjaji-Matsumoto" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="335 - 353" refId="ref18996" refString="Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. &amp; Last, P. R. (2016) Two new whiprays, Maculabatis arabica sp. nov. and M. bineeshi sp. nov. (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), from the northern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4144 (3), 335 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4144.3.3" type="journal article" year="2016">Manjaji-Matsumoto &amp; Last 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA3D3E5B0A91F923FE78F8A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,654,1831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
This is likely the species generally referred to as
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B08B0F925FCD8F93A" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[742,854,1698,1723]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uarnak">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08B0F925FCD8F93A" box="[742,854,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. uarnak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B092CF923FC69F93A" box="[890,999,1698,1723]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0E76F922FA89F93A" author="De Bruin" box="[1056,1287,1698,1723]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Bruin" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refId="ref17417" refString="De Bruin, G. H. P., Russell, B. C. &amp; Bogusch, A. (1995) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fisheries Purposes. The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka. FAO, Rome, Italy, 400 pp." type="book" year="1995">
De Bruin
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0ED8F925FB4BF93A" box="[1166,1221,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0F44F922FF5CF95E" author="Moron" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moron" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="142 - 157" refId="ref19181" refString="Moron, J., Bertrand, B. &amp; Last, P. (1998) A check-list of sharks and rays of western Sri Lanka. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 142 - 157." type="journal article" year="1998">
Morón
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0F32F925FA12F93A" box="[1380,1436,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0A89F946FE06F95E" author="De Silva" box="[223,392,1734,1759]" firstAuthor="De Silva" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="294 - 301" refId="ref17594" refString="De Silva, R. I. (2006) Taxonomy and status of the sharks and rays of Sri Lanka. In: Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. (Ed.), The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Sri Lanka and Government of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 294 - 301." type="book chapter" year="2006">De Silva 2006</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, although no specimens or references were cited,
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA3D3E5B0E03F946FAA2F95E" author="Borsa" box="[1109,1324,1734,1759]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borsa" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="82 - 92" refId="ref16664" refString="Borsa, P., Durand, J. - D., Shen, K. - N., Arlyza, I. S., Solihin, D. D. &amp; Berrebi, P. (2013) Himantura tutul sp. nov. (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), a new ocellated whipray from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, described from its cytochrome-oxidase I gene sequence. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 336, 82 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2013.01.004" type="journal article" year="2013">
Borsa
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B0EC9F946FB57F95E" box="[1183,1241,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
listed the
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0AC1F96BFE84F882" box="[151,266,1770,1795]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Laccadive</collectingCountry>
Sea as part of the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA3D3E5B08D2F96DFD55F882" authorityName="Borsa, Durand, Shen, Arlyza, Solihin &amp; Berrebi" authorityYear="2013" box="[644,731,1770,1795]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Himantura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tutul">
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA3D3E5B08D2F96DFD55F882" box="[644,731,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">H. tutul</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggesting they have evidence that this species occurs at least off the west coast of
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA3D3E5B0BD6F88FFE7CF8A6" box="[384,498,1806,1831]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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