165 lines
21 KiB
XML
165 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="5CAC8B5D162570402A19A89FD65CD759" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FF26FAD7" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides (Amossovia) californiensis Wirth and Blanton" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="92D56216E37B5FF91198663F0278D9E1">
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<mods:title id="12FD2782E3D52D6775147D19E954D625">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B20B1D382CC4FD8D31B9F8D23AF5C010" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B3722607782CBDE7DEA5125A538B7F3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D3F2C5E2B43A549718CF4D42CB6B500F">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E7DE4CCF98F6857AD6F5242AEABA66B">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D30DCCF46F691C04C8565CD906343397">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="84DFE3BD8AA77FBD9C2DF7F08C7D455D">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DE9B1C4E1C27B0AD0A0D5C988FF40025">
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<mods:date id="C2F625D987ABA6BC0C019C51D5DA1C35">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="168AB21210B010AFCD2FCF4727AD784B">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="906DEBB11EEFDFED65D5C2382759217D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2FEFCCDEC358E8BA0BB48AFE21F470FE">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="010D3C0EF5335C36A77806D9E44BF341" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="28D2528B252682D1EBA4E00FE52E7C9C">907</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9521615517AC3D8DA4A0FD1BB59B5E22" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B59318CDD45E9D285E71ADE2A3F0E61" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FF26FAD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391748" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FF26FAD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FF26FAD7" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFF2EF526A8AFDF9FC58FDB3" box="[192,916,570,600]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FC58FDB3" blockId="46.[192,916,570,633]" box="[192,916,570,600]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FC58FDB3" box="[192,916,570,600]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FC58FDB3" ID-CoL="8BNMH" authority="Wirth and Blanton" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" box="[192,916,570,600]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis" subGenus="Amossovia">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FC58FDB3" bold="true" box="[192,916,570,600]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526A8AFDF9FE88FDB3" bold="true" box="[192,324,570,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Culicoides</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526B1FFDF8FE11FDB3" bold="true" box="[341,477,571,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Amossovia</emphasis>
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)
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526BA4FDF9FD54FDB3" bold="true" box="[494,664,570,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">californiensis</emphasis>
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Wirth and Blanton
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFF2EF526A8AFD9DFE34FD9D" box="[192,504,606,633]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526A8AFD9DFE34FD9D" blockId="46.[192,916,570,633]" box="[192,504,606,633]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFF2EF526A82FD9DFEE8FD9D" box="[200,292,606,633]" captionStart="Figures 100–103" captionStartId="181.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[221,1407,213,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-63@181.[192,1440,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="Figures 100–103. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view. 100) C. californiensis, left edge of paramere (P), right edge of aedeagus (A), lateral aedeagal spines (As). 101) C. cochisensis (Cochise County, AZ [UCRC]). 102) C. oklahomensis, aedeagus filaments circled (LA [FSCA]). 103) C. pampoikilus (Cochise County, AZ [UCRC])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391744/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
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. 154, 190, 247, 291)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFF2EF526AAAFD44FBBEFCFD" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526AAAFD44FE3FFD1E" blockId="46.[224,1442,647,793]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFF2EF526AAAFD44FE3FFD1E" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFF2EF526AAAFD44FCC1FD7B" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[224,781,647,671]" page="215" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" year="1967">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFF2EF526AAAFD44FCC1FD7B" ID-CoL="8BNMH" authority="Wirth and Blanton, 1967: 215" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1967" box="[224,781,647,671]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526AAAFD44FE1AFD7B" box="[224,470,647,671]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Culicoides californiensis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFF2EF526B97FD44FCC1FD7B" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" box="[477,781,647,671]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="207 - 232" refId="ref143015" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1967. The North American Culicoides of the Guttipennis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Florida Entomologist 50: 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1967">Wirth and Blanton, 1967: 215</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(key; female, male, pupa; fig. female wing, antenna, palpus, eye separation, spermathecae, leg, pupal respiratory trumpet, male genitalia, parameres;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFF2EF526E24FD66FB17FD59" box="[1134,1243,677,701]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">California</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFF2EF526EA6FD66FED6FD38" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." page="20" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFF2EF526EA6FD66FED6FD38" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 20</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFF2EF526883FD07FBD4FD38" author="Murphree CS & Mullen GR" box="[713,1048,708,732]" page="329" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFF2EF526883FD07FBD4FD38" author="Murphree CS & Mullen GR" box="[713,1048,708,732]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="269 - 399" refId="ref137005" refString="Murphree CS, Mullen GR. 1991. Comparative larval morphology of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in North America with a key to species. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 16: 269 - 399." type="journal article" year="1991">Murphree and Mullen 1991: 329</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key; larva; numerical characters; fig. mandible, epipharynx).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526AAAFCC2FBBEFCFD" blockId="46.[224,1442,647,793]" box="[224,1138,769,793]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFF2EF526AAAFCC2FBBEFCFD" box="[224,1138,769,793]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFF2EF526AAAFCC2FC5FFCFD" author="Borkent A & Grogan WL" box="[224,915,769,793]" page="12" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" year="2009">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFF2EF526AAAFCC2FC5FFCFD" ID-CoL="8BNMH" authority=": Borkent and Grogan 2009: 12" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="2009" box="[224,915,769,793]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis" subGenus="Amossovia">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526AAAFCC2FE85FCFD" box="[224,329,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Culicoides</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526B1DFCC2FE08FCFC" box="[343,452,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Amossovia</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526B99FCC2FD96FCFD" box="[467,602,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">californiensis</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFF2EF52682FFCC2FC5FFCFD" author="Borkent A & Grogan WL" box="[613,915,769,793]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref127847" refString="Borkent A, Grogan WL Jr. 2009. Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2273: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">Borkent and Grogan 2009: 12</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in Nearctic catalog).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFF2EF526A8AFCEBFB40FC0F" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526A8AFCEBFB40FC0F" blockId="46.[191,1441,808,1004]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526A8AFCEBFEF1FCA6" bold="true" box="[192,317,808,834]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFF2EF526B01FCEAFE74FCA7" box="[331,440,809,835]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFF2EF526B89FCEBFE12FCA7" box="[451,478,808,835]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="46" pageNumber="45">15</tableCitation>
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) Yellowish coppery-brown; wing pattern distinct; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526E69FCF4FBE7FCA1" attach="left" box="[1059,1067,823,837]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">2</subScript>
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dark; distal pale spot in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526F04FCF4FA9AFCA1" attach="left" box="[1358,1366,823,837]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">3</subScript>
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medially constricted and roughly 8-shaped; pale spots straddling at ~0.25 on M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526E52FC9AFBECFC83" attach="left" box="[1048,1056,857,871]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">1</subScript>
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and ~0.4 on M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526E9EFC9AFB10FC83" attach="right" box="[1236,1244,857,871]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">2</subScript>
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; CuA
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526F55FC9AFAEBFC83" attach="left" box="[1311,1319,857,871]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">1</subScript>
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and CuA
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526FD2FC9AFA6CFC83" attach="left" box="[1432,1440,857,871]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">2</subScript>
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within dark areas except at tip of CuA
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526839FCB8FDB7FC6D" attach="left" box="[627,635,891,905]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">1</subScript>
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; pore of sensory pit on palpal segment 3>0.5 the diameter of segment; prominent pale bands basal and subapical on all femora and tibiae; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite simple; aedeagus nearly V-shaped, median process broad triangular with lateral caudally directed spines on midsection, tapering to small blunt tip; parameres separate, apices simple, thick bladelike, pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFF2EF526A8AFC38FF26FAD7" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526A8AFC38FC85FBF1" blockId="46.[192,841,1019,1045]" box="[192,841,1019,1045]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526A8AFC38FE90FBF1" bold="true" box="[192,348,1019,1045]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFF2EF526B28FC38FE15FBF1" box="[354,473,1019,1045]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFF2EF526BA9FC38FD8EFBF1" box="[483,578,1019,1045]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFF2EF526807FC38FD4AFBF1" box="[589,646,1019,1045]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Utah</collectingRegion>
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(Grand County).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526A8AFBE6FBCAFB40" blockId="46.[191,1440,1060,1188]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526A8AFBE6FD9EFBDA" bold="true" box="[192,594,1060,1087]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Larval ecology and adult behavior.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFF2EF52681DFBE6FCAEFBDB" authorityName=": Borkent and Grogan" authorityYear="2009" box="[599,866,1061,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiensis">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF52681DFBE6FCAEFBDB" box="[599,866,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Culicoides californiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been reared from cottonwood treeholes (
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFF2EF526F12FBE6FE47FB85" author="Wirth WW & Blanton FS" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="207 - 232" refId="ref143015" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1967. The North American Culicoides of the Guttipennis group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Florida Entomologist 50: 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1967">Wirth and Blanton 1967</bibRefCitation>
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), and the mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood. Furthermore, though its larval habitat is arboreal, its frequent collection in low-level CO
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFF2EF526EEBFBB4FB65FB61" attach="left" box="[1185,1193,1143,1157]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">2</subScript>
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-baited traps (
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFF2EF526F0FFBABFA54FB66" box="[1349,1432,1128,1154]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="138.[192,255,212,238]" captionText="Table 4. Light-trap responses (LTRs). Unmarked data indicate the proportion of each species collected with light traps in Grand County, where both light-baited and CO2-baited traps were used during 1999–2016, adjusted as LTRs to show the fraction that would have been collected with light traps if equal numbers of the traps had been used. Data with an asterisk (*) are for species or sexes collected in other areas where only UVLTs were used and are only to show that UVLTs can be used for their collection. Data with a dagger (†) are for species D, which was collected under both circumstances, and for C. mortivallis and C. owyheensis, which were randomly selected for identification, are simple unadjusted fractional LTR calculations." pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Table 4</tableCitation>
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) suggests it is a mammalophilic, ground-dwelling bird, or generalist feeder.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFF2EF526A8AFB70FF26FAD7" blockId="46.[192,1440,1203,1331]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFF2EF526A8AFB70FE4BFB29" bold="true" box="[192,391,1203,1229]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Atypical biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Of thirteen females and
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFF2EF5268D0FB77FCD2FB29" box="[666,798,1203,1230]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
|
||
that were slide-mounted,
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFF2EF526E0AFB77FB69FB29" box="[1088,1189,1203,1230]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
has an irregularly disseminated granular infuscation through the thorax and abdomen—possibly by an infection (Fig. 291,
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFF2EF526F7CFB16FA5FFB0B" box="[1334,1427,1237,1263]" captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="149.[193,256,212,240]" captionText="Table 11. Intersex and internally parasitized Ceratopogonidae. Intersexes marked ♂♀ have male genitalia and a feminized head and ♀♂ have female genitalia and androgenized head. CO2T = CO2-baited trap without light. ILT = incandescent light trap. UVLT = ultraviolet light trap. ET = emergence trap. When collections were combined from nearby traps, geographic coordinates are rounded and will not match those of Table 1. “n” is the number with the same collection data. Specimens with (*) were identified by males in the same collection; (**) are either C. hieroglyphicus, C. jacksoni, or C. jamesi; (***) is either C. denningi, C. hieroglyphicus, C. jacksoni, or C. jamesi." pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Table 11</tableCitation>
|
||
); and two have a third ovoid spermatheca, 0.4 as large as the others, instead of a shriveled vestigial third (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFF2EF526F2BFB34FF12FAD7" captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="150.[192,255,212,240]" captionText="Table 12. Specimens with an abnormal number of spermathecae. “3+” indicates three developed spermathecae plus vestigial fourth. An asterisk (*) indicates an otherwise normal-appearing female parasitized by nematodes. A dagger (†) indicates collection by others." pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Table 12</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |