165 lines
18 KiB
XML
165 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="FACD5FD003F06C57CCA766185343AAAB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFBBEF146A8AF91CFDFDFCFF" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides calexicanus Wirth and Rowley" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="47E13AC941AC9CE0FB9955F3DC809E27">
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<mods:title id="B3861A4CC1340736A14D35E0E6867AE0">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5CA353ABF59C0560C589806FF4CF70F3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F5E0F63B72A7396D218384EF701E81D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="35EE84C68E306066D038A27A5E1B3CF5">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A3540EC3F65CC251E9B2E3F570A616A">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DD6AD36A24B36A2A23AE544D22EF1D1A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3BC9B10D285C62DEF4891C79B6F9CE04">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="58EC03944A1AA794763D03B32D51E157">
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<mods:date id="56A86A2C43A3B2CAD8BF480472CB80B2">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="53EE8F7C9E490ED16826207E150D5C88" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="4328F98555939894775EFB7970A735D5">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E4C2819813828EA37EDBFFB89AF6D493" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="20FB82B14265A3637E753D670F943DAE">2022</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4D37C2580F58C50870B77A959B8F1BDC" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6F64C16408AE39494863844354D2ADDD">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="42CFD33ED7089AD6152518956F0E8522">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="59945BF10F763B267105A2BDBFA676CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6FE86D49D0FF43201C97AAED70C49772" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="20D840BD318E715DE9B1F14AF2EAB2D6" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="56486602A5496791B6025211B0ACE225" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA9A783EE46AC89E72B444E8F0663FCE" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFBBEF146A8AF91CFDFDFCFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFBBEF146A8AF91CFDFDFCFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFBBEF146A8AF91CFDFDFCFF" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBBEF1B6A8AF91CFD03F91F" box="[192,719,1759,1788]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBBEF1B6A8AF91CFD03F91F" blockId="103.[192,719,1759,1823]" box="[192,719,1759,1788]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFBBEF1B6A8AF91CFD03F91F" box="[192,719,1759,1788]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBBEF1B6A8AF91CFD03F91F" ID-CoL="32CB3" authority="Wirth and Rowley" authorityName="Wirth and Rowley" box="[192,719,1759,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calexicanus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBBEF1B6A8AF91CFD03F91F" bold="true" box="[192,719,1759,1788]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBBEF1B6A8AF91CFE12F918" bold="true" box="[192,478,1759,1788]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">Culicoides calexicanus</emphasis>
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Wirth and Rowley
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBBEF1B6A8AF8C7FDEFF8FB" box="[192,547,1796,1823]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBBEF1B6A8AF8C7FDEFF8FB" blockId="103.[192,719,1759,1823]" box="[192,547,1796,1823]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFBBEF1B6A82F8C7FEDAF8FA" box="[200,278,1796,1822]" captionStart="Figures 88–93" captionStartId="179.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[335,1293,216,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-82@179.[192,1440,216,1768]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="Figures 88–93. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view. 88) C. luglani, submedian processes of parameres circled. 89) C. crepuscularis, ventral apodeme of gonocoxite circled. 90) C. calexicanus, apices of parameres circled, apex of aedeagus delineated. 91) C. hawsi (paratype, Modoc County, CA [FSCA]). 92) C. palmerae, sharp lateral shoulders on median process of aedeagus indicated (A). 93) C. utahensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391736/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
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, 144, 221, 223, 275, 285)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBBEF1B6AAAF8EDFE35F862" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBBEF1B6AAAF8EDFE35F862" blockId="103.[224,1440,1838,1926]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFBBEF1B6AAAF8EDFE35F862" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBBEF1B6AAAF8EDFCC4F8A2" author="Wirth WW & Rowley WA" box="[224,776,1838,1862]" page="156" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" year="1971">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBBEF1B6AAAF8EDFCC4F8A2" ID-CoL="32CB3" authority="Wirth and Rowley, 1971: 156" authorityName="Wirth and Rowley" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1971" box="[224,776,1838,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calexicanus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBBEF1B6AAAF8EDFE04F8A2" box="[224,456,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">Culicoides calexicanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBBEF1B6B98F8EDFCC4F8A2" author="Wirth WW & Rowley WA" box="[466,776,1838,1862]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" pagination="153 - 171" refId="ref143616" refString="Wirth WW, Rowley WA. 1971. A revision of the Palmerae group of the genus Culicoides. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 44: 153 - 171." type="journal article" year="1971">Wirth and Rowley, 1971: 156</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; key; female, male; fig. female antenna, palpus, eye separation, spermathecae, male genitalia, parameres;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBBEF1B69D4F88DFBC7F882" box="[926,1035,1870,1894]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">California</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBBEF1B6E51F88DFB21F882" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[1051,1261,1870,1894]" page="26" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBBEF1B6E51F88DFB21F882" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[1051,1261,1870,1894]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 26</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146A8AFF1DFD8CFE45" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AFF1DFD8CFE45" blockId="104.[192,1443,222,417]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFF1DFEF1FF1C" bold="true" box="[192,317,222,248]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB4EF146B00FF1DFE79FF1D" box="[330,437,222,249]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB4EF146BF5FF1DFE16FF1D" box="[447,474,222,249]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="104" pageNumber="103">15</tableCitation>
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) Wing pattern distinct and extensive; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB4EF1469DAFF2EFC54FF1F" attach="left" box="[912,920,237,251]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">2</subScript>
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dark; prominent distal pale spots in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB4EF146F76FF2EFA88FF1F" attach="left" box="[1340,1348,237,251]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">3</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB4EF146F2CFF2EFAA2FF1F" attach="left" box="[1382,1390,237,251]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">1</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB4EF146FDBFF2EFA55FF1F" attach="left" box="[1425,1433,237,251]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">2</subScript>
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; scutellum yellowish, lighter than the brown scutum; fore and often hind tarsomeres with apical spines; spermathecae unequal by ~1.1, necks shorter than wide; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite simple; gonostylus about evenly curved, not abruptly bent, entire lateral contour convex; aedeagus V-shaped, median process tapering to tip ~0.2 as wide as basal arm spread; parameres separate, with abrupt ventro-lateral bend at ~0.8 and sharp tip often with divergent apical spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146A8AFE75FDB1FD2E" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AFE75FED1FDD2" blockId="104.[191,1440,438,566]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFE75FE90FE34" bold="true" box="[192,348,438,464]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146B2BFE75FE14FE34" box="[353,472,438,464]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146BABFE75FDF5FE34" box="[481,569,438,464]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146808FE75FDB7FE34" box="[578,635,438,464]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Utah</collectingRegion>
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(Grand,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146894FE75FCA5FE34" box="[734,873,438,464]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Washington</collectingRegion>
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counties,
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146992FE74FB59FE35" bold="true" box="[984,1173,439,465]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">new state record</emphasis>
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). Evidently,
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146F54FE74FF24FE16" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calexicanus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146F54FE74FAFCFE35" box="[1310,1328,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146F77FE75FF24FE16" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">calexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an uncommon but wide-ranging species, having been reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB4EF1469A0FE1BFACEFE16" author="Wirth WW & Rowley WA" box="[1002,1282,472,498]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" pagination="153 - 171" refId="ref143616" refString="Wirth WW, Rowley WA. 1971. A revision of the Palmerae group of the genus Culicoides. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 44: 153 - 171." type="journal article" year="1971">Wirth and Rowley (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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from near sea level in Imperial County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146B95FE39FD9AFDF0" box="[479,598,506,532]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">California</collectingRegion>
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, and from ~
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFB4EF146894FE39FCFFFDF1" box="[734,819,506,533]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
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elevation in the Humboldt Mountains of Elko County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146A8AFDDFFED5FDD2" box="[192,281,540,566]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AFD88FDB1FD2E" blockId="104.[192,1441,587,715]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFD88FEB4FD81" bold="true" box="[192,376,587,613]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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The mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood;
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<materialsCitation id="D090A518FFB4EF146F00FD88FDB5FD2E" county="Imperial County" location="Imperial County" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
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and the CO
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB4EF146AADFDBFFF23FD6E" attach="left" box="[231,239,636,650]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">2</subScript>
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-
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<collectingMethod id="B9B9D752FFB4EF146ABDFDAEFEBAFD63" box="[247,374,621,647]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">baited trap</collectingMethod>
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collection of the male suggests that males may seek hosts to find females for mating. Its week 14 collection datum in Table 5 is from
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<collectingCounty id="8926D7C9FFB4EF146825FD4CFCE1FD4D" box="[623,813,655,681]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Imperial County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF14697DFD4CFC62FD4D" box="[823,942,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">California</collectingRegion>
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, a much warmer climate, representing much earlier activity than in
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146B88FD73FE37FD2E" box="[450,507,688,714]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Utah</collectingRegion>
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or
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF14686AFD73FDB5FD2E" box="[544,633,688,714]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146A8AFD23FDFDFCFF" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AFD23FDFDFCFF" blockId="104.[192,1440,736,796]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFD23FEFCFD1E" bold="true" box="[192,304,736,762]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Some of the Palmerae group females that were not identified to species may be
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146EE4FD23FA82FD1E" box="[1198,1358,736,762]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calexicanus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146EE4FD23FB0CFD1E" box="[1198,1216,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146E87FD23FA82FD1E" box="[1229,1358,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">calexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146FC2FD23FEEBFCFF" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmerae">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146FC2FD23FA56FD1E" box="[1416,1434,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFCC2FEEBFCFF" box="[192,295,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">palmerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species C remarks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |