130 lines
15 KiB
XML
130 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="8D4182471DE2821CDA6F645F74CAE139" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFB4EF156A8AFAACFDBAFF14" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides leechi Wirth 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="6CF6AB9904509DFD5AAA62CDDFB135D0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="91C472FA3D93776873A643CF542DDE47">
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<mods:title id="C4571D5D32FD7E10322958E7CB06BAE7">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AE77954FA8A5309B154E8B2046A02E0C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A2BB54AF5B2D7D4D352AA05C54357047">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="30257C87974B1961040CB1D71160EB4F">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="565DB3257C51AFB29CECBC5FDF5FF9A5">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A775D34DCED938B6B2EF852ECA4ED759">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="30E403A31766E22AC3B587349127B4BF">
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<mods:date id="D4FF8C26BA96E5084F8E716B74E72CB0">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="292F77CEF70D44AB35CD0DF775DCD629">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6DB7A65312AAB29F36D7C0D787920471" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="43ABF5A851B9CBC43B60FB5D90EB4B19">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="84CA6543B516A2C369342E848B67BD80" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="49E8D403D36BFFB400EA94F0F59380C7">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C9758DB19EEEDC8FB11EF96BD96B73A1">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="752F79DD1C8A128E4DA7C198A3080F4C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FF93516CD134510CD38886155C6EAA0A" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0A8C37759CEBBC1201C21444DB36433" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFB4EF156A8AFAACFDBAFF14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFB4EF156A8AFAACFDBAFF14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFB4EF156A8AFAACFDBAFF14" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146A8AFAACFE25FA68" box="[192,489,1391,1420]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AFAACFE25FA68" blockId="104.[192,489,1391,1420]" box="[192,489,1391,1420]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFB4EF146A8AFAACFE25FA68" box="[192,489,1391,1420]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146A8AFAACFE25FA68" ID-CoL="32CTL" authority="Wirth" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1977" box="[192,489,1391,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leechi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFAACFE25FA68" bold="true" box="[192,489,1391,1420]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFAACFE5EFA68" bold="true" box="[192,402,1391,1420]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Culicoides leechi</emphasis>
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Wirth
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146AAAFA59FAB3FA34" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146AAAFA59FAB3FA34" blockId="104.[224,1440,1433,1488]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFB4EF146AAAFA59FAB3FA34" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB4EF146AAAFA59FDFDFA55" author="Wirth WW" box="[224,561,1433,1458]" page="53" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" year="1977">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146AAAFA59FDFDFA55" ID-CoL="32CTL" authority="Wirth, 1977: 53" authorityName="Wirth" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1977" box="[224,561,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leechi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146AAAFA59FE45FA56" box="[224,393,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Culicoides leechi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB4EF146BDAFA59FDFDFA55" author="Wirth WW" box="[400,561,1433,1458]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref142884" refString="Wirth WW. 1977. A new Culicoides biting midge from California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 53: 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1977">Wirth, 1977: 53</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(female, male; fig. female antenna, wing, palpus, eye separation, spermathecae, male antenna, palpus, parameres, genitalia;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF1468C7FA7BFD36FA34" box="[653,762,1464,1488]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">California</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB4EF146940FA7BFC17FA34" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[778,987,1464,1488]" page="26" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB4EF146940FA7BFC17FA34" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[778,987,1464,1488]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 26</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146A8AFA20FEE7F90D" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AFA20FEE7F90D" blockId="104.[192,1440,1507,1769]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AFA20FEF1FA19" bold="true" box="[192,317,1507,1533]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB4EF146B01FA20FE7BFA19" box="[331,439,1507,1533]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB4EF146B8BFA20FE10FA1A" box="[449,476,1507,1534]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="104" pageNumber="103">15</tableCitation>
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) Wing pattern reduced; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB4EF1468B1FA31FCCFF9E4" attach="left" box="[763,771,1522,1536]" fontSize="6" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">2</subScript>
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dark; pale spots only at tip of costa, on r-m crossvein; spermathecae subequal with short necks; sclerotized ring absent from spermathecal duct; male antenna, palpus, and wing feminized, flagellomeres 9–10 lengthened similar to 11–13, lacking dense whorls of sensilla chaeticae on 1–10, palpal ratio ~2, with large sensory pit (as in Fig. 251
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146920F98AFC3DF986" authorityName="Fox. Knowlton and Fronk" authorityYear="1950" box="[874,1009,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="utahensis">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146920F98AFCB0F987" box="[874,892,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF1469C2F98BFC3DF986" box="[904,1009,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">utahensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); tergite 9 apicolateral processes stout, ~2× longer than wide, broadly flaring laterally at ~30°; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite simple; gonostylus about evenly curved, not abruptly bent, entire lateral contour convex; aedeagus V-shaped, median process tapering to tip ~0.3 as wide as basal arm spread; parameres separate, apices abruptly bent ventro-laterally with simple stout sharp tip.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB4EF146A8AF93FFBB0F862" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AF93FFC90F8F3" blockId="104.[192,860,1788,1815]" box="[192,860,1788,1815]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AF93FFE90F8F2" bold="true" box="[192,348,1788,1814]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146B28F93FFE1AF8F2" box="[354,470,1788,1814]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">California</collectingRegion>
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(Napa,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB4EF146865F93FFD43F8F2" box="[559,655,1788,1814]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">San Luis</collectingRegion>
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Obispo counties).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB4EF146A8AF8EBFBB0F862" blockId="104.[192,1440,1832,1927]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146A8AF8EBFEB4F8A6" bold="true" box="[192,376,1832,1858]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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The mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood, and it is likely the feminization of the males facilitates finding females at a host—despite that reported
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF146EA8F888FA8CF880" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1977" box="[1250,1344,1866,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leechi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146EA8F888FB38F881" box="[1250,1268,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146F4BF889FA8CF880" box="[1281,1344,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">leechi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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matingpair collections have only been at light (
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB4EF146835F8AFFCCBF862" author="Wirth WW" box="[639,775,1900,1926]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref142884" refString="Wirth WW. 1977. A new Culicoides biting midge from California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 53: 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1977">Wirth 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). See
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB4EF14690EF8AFFC01F862" authorityName="Fox. Knowlton and Fronk" authorityYear="1950" box="[836,973,1900,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="utahensis">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF14690EF8AFFC9AF862" box="[836,854,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB4EF146929F8AFFC01F862" box="[867,973,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">utahensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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adult behavior.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB5EF156A8AFF15FDBAFF14" box="[192,630,214,240]" pageId="105" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB5EF156A8AFF15FDBAFF14" blockId="105.[192,630,214,240]" box="[192,630,214,240]" pageId="105" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB5EF156A8AFF15FEFCFF14" bold="true" box="[192,304,214,240]" pageId="105" pageNumber="104">Remarks.</emphasis>
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No
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB5EF156B15FF15FE71FF14" box="[351,445,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="104">
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C.
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB5EF156B34FF15FE71FF14" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1977" box="[382,445,214,240]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leechi">leechi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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were examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |