177 lines
16 KiB
XML
177 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.248.4106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="605e7744-e499-4617-bb69-6531a82ddbae" ID-PMC="PMC3520135" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-248-1" ID-PubMed="23275757" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-248-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 248" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451247880623" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2012" docId="C60E5D61053AA637627B1546A92BA45A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 248: 1-69" docOrigin="ZooKeys 248" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.248.4106" docTitle="Ditrichophora cana Cresson, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="23013B478951FFB1FFF7FFACFFBFFF8F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668154988994" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>248</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>69</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.248.4106</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.248.4106</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-248-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C60E5D61053AA637627B1546A92BA45A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C60E5D61053AA637627B1546A92BA45A" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ditrichophora_cana" authority="Cresson" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ditrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrichophora cana" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cana">Ditrichophora cana Cresson</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="44" pageNumber="45">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 57
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ditrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrichophora cana" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cana">Ditrichophora cana</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 10" title="Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper XII. Notulae Naturae." volume="38" year="1940">Cresson 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="101 - 128" title="Synopses of North American Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae, with descriptions of new species." volume="68" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 121 [review].
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<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" editor="Usinger, RL" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="372 - 482" title="Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera." volumeTitle="Aquatic Insects of California." year="1956">Wirth and Stone 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 467 [key, California].
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<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="Ephydridae. Pp. 734 - 759. In: Stone A, Sabrosky CW, Wirth WW, Foote RH, Coulson JR (Eds) A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276, U." year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 739 [Nearctic catalog].
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<bibRefCitation author="Cole, FR (with the collaboration of E. T. Schlinger)" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" title="The flies of western North America." year="1969">Cole 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 398 [fauna, western North America].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Gymnoclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoclasiopa cana" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cana">Gymnoclasiopa cana</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 423" title="A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="4" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 175 [generic combination; world catalog].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Moderately small to medium-sized shore flies, body length 2.40-3.60 mm; head and thorax generally microtomentose gray dorsally, abdomen subshiny to shiny black. Head: Frons moderately microtomentose, cinereous to whitish; proclinate fronto-orbital setae 2, length of anterior seta about 1/2 that of posterior seta, inserted far anteriad, distance between proclinate setae subequal to that between posterior seta and medial vertical seta. Antenna generally black, especially scape and pedicel; arista bearing 6-7 dorsal rays. Face rather flat; antennal grooves, especially ventral margins, poorly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">defined</pageBreakToken>
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, not conspicuous; face slightly whitish gray dorsally, dorsal portion shallowly carinate between shallow antennal grooves, thinly, microtomentose, becoming blackish, less microtomentose ventrally; facial setae inserted close to parafacials, aligned vertically; gena short, less than height of basal flagellomere; gena-to-eye ratio 0.15-0.16. Maxillary palpus black. Thorax: Mesonotum moderately microtomentose, cinereous, similar to frons, not shiny; pleural areas from ventral notopleural suture ventrad black, contrasted with whitish gray mesonotum, similar to black abdominal tergites. Wing lacteous, more so in males; costal section II conspicuously longer than costal section III; costal vein ratio 0.47-0.51; M vein ratio 0.52-0.56; halter stem yellowish; knob white to whitish yellow. Femora black; tibiae black, including basal and apical extremities black; foretarsus black dorsally, yellowish ventrally; mid- and hindtarsi mostly yellowish orange. Abdomen: Tergites subshiny to shiny, black. Male terminalia: Epandrium in posterior view as an inverted U, narrowed dorsally, abruptly so medially with moderately deep incision, in lateral view widest subventrally with ventral margin rounded and bearing cluster of longer setulae, these becoming longer toward posteroventral angle; cercus in posterior view uniformly semilunate with dorsomedial margin more narrowly pointed; aedeagus in lateral view longer than wide, as anterior and posterior structures, anterior portion longer than posterior portion and with a long flap folded back on itself (as in Pectinifer aeneus (Cresson)), in ventral view robust, narrow ventrally; phallapodeme in lateral view with elongate, irregularly triangular keep, processes at either end about equal in length, in ventral view robustly T-shaped with thick stem, base as wide as cross bar; gonite
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<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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probably the postgonite) elongate, wide basally, narrowed to elongate, narrow, apically curved process, at midlength with a digitiform, pointed perpendicular to plane of gonite; hypandrium in lateral view bowl shaped, posterior portion slightly more extended, in ventral view with anterior margin broadly curved and deeply emarginate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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The holotype male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ditrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrichophora cana" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cana">Ditrichophora cana</taxonomicName>
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Cresson is labeled "Ilwaco WASH July 1917 ALMelander/TYPE Ditrichophora CANA E. T. Cresson, Jr. [red; species number and name handwritten]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in a rectangular card), is in fair condition (head dislodged and in an attached microvial), and is deposited in the ANSP (6552).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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United States. Washington. Pacific: Ilwaco (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.308334">46°18.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-124.043335">124°02.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Other Specimens Examined. CALIFORNIA. Humboldt: Orick (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="41.286667">41°17.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-124.06">124°03.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 21 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀; ANSP).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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OREGON. Curry: Gold Beach (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="42.406666">42°24.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-124.42167">124°25.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Jul 1951, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂, 2♀; USNM). Douglas: Elkton (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="43.636665">43°38.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-123.565">123°33.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 Jul 1951, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂; USNM). Multnomah: Benson Park (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="45.575">45°34.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-122.128334">122°07.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 24 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; ANSP).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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WASHINGTON. Clallam: Bogachiel Way, Forks (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="47.93833">47°56.3'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-124.41">124°24.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1 Aug 1951, A. H. Sturtevant (4♂, 3♀; USNM; Sequim (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="48.08">48°04.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-123.10167">123°06.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 2 Aug 1951, A. H. Sturtevant (8♂, 2♀; USNM). Lewis: Toledo (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.44">46°26.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-122.846664">122°50.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂, 1♀; ANSP). Pacific: Ilwaco (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.308334">46°18.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-124.043335">124°02.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 8 Jun-Jul 1917, 1925, A. L. Melander (4♂, 3♀; ANSP, USNM); Seaview (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.335">46°20.1'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-124.055">124°03.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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), A. Spuler (2♂; USNM). Pierce: Tacoma (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="47.253334">47°15.2'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-122.445">122°26.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 23 Jul 1915, A. L. Melander (1♀; ANSP). Snohomish: Everett (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="47.978333">47°58.7'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-122.2">122°12'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4-6 Jul 1924, A. L. Melander (7♂, 3♀; ANSP; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">(Fig. 57). Nearctic: United States (California, Oregon, Washington).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Although similar externally to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ditrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrichophora canifrons" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canifrons">Ditrichophora canifrons</taxonomicName>
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, the structures of the male terminalia of this species are remarkably different and appear to be more similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pectinifer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinifer aeneus" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Pectinifer aeneus</taxonomicName>
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(Cresson) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 44), especially the elongated and robust aedeagus with an apical flap that folds back on itself. From
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ditrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrichophora canifrons" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canifrons">Ditrichophora canifrons</taxonomicName>
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, this species is distinguished by the blackish antenna and entirely black foretibia.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Figure 57. Distribution map of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ditrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ditrichophora cana" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cana">Ditrichophora cana</taxonomicName>
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Cresson.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |