312 lines
34 KiB
XML
312 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1106-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" ID-ZooBank="EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1106-165" checkinTime="1655840326526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Choo, Seohwi, Jeong, Man-Ki & Soh, Ho Young" docDate="2022" docId="A8ABB4FEC60B57B2A94DC4E8BD18CAE4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1106: 165-211" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1106" docPubDate="2022-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" docTitle="Serratosagitta pacifica" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1655840326526" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Choo, Seohwi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-3797</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmgdeux@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea & Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hysoh@chonnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1106</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>165</mods:start>
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<mods:end>211</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1106-165</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8ABB4FEC60B57B2A94DC4E8BD18CAE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8ABB4FEC60B57B2A94DC4E8BD18CAE4" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A8ABB4FE-C60B-57B2-A94D-C4E8BD18CAE4" authority="(Tokioka, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Serratosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serratosagitta pacifica" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">Serratosagitta pacifica (Tokioka, 1940)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shape and position of seminal vesicles A Aidanosagitta regularis (elongated) B Ferosagitta robusta (pear shape) C Pseudosagitta lyra (spherical shape) D Zonosagitta nagae (conical shape) E Flaccisagitta enflata (spherical shape) F Serratosagitta pacifica (seminal shape with chitinous teeth)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704190" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figs 6F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Grasping spine A abruptly curved hooks (Krohnitta subtilis, Krohnittidae) B gently curved and not serrated hooks (Ferosagitta robusta, Sagittidae) C gently curved and serrated hooks (Serratosagitta pacifica, Sagittidae)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704192" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 8C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Position and shape of corona ciliata A Aidanosagitta regularis B Pterosagitta draco C Serratosagitta pacifica D Flaccisagitta enflata." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704194" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 10C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 13A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1940" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Sagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagitta serratodentata subsp. pacifica" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="subSpecies" species="serratodentata" subSpecies="pacifica">Sagitta serratodentata pacifica</taxonomicName>
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: Tokioka, 1959: 72-80 p., fig. 10, table 10;
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<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B63" refString="Park, JS, Lee, SS, Kang, YS, Lee, BD, Hun, SH, 1990. The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern waters of Korea and their relationship to the characteristics of water masses. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 23 (3): 245 - 252" title="The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern waters of Korea and their relationship to the characteristics of water masses." volume="23" year="1990">Park et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 52-54 p. figs 31, 32.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1940" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Sagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagitta pacifica" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">Sagitta pacifica</taxonomicName>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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, 1961: 71 p., fig. A, B, table 2;
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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1967
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 36-39 p., fig. 22A-D;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-04402002" author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="215 - 234" refId="B68" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, 1974. Taxonomy and zoogeography of certain members of the " Sagitta serratodentata -group" (Chaetognatha). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 44 (2): 215 - 234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-04402002" title="Taxonomy and zoogeography of certain members of the " Sagitta serratodentata - group " (Chaetognatha)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-04402002" volume="44" year="1974">Pierrot-Bults 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 221-222 p., fig. 6;
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<bibRefCitation author="Francisco, PP" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta Betin" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="225 - 240" refId="B26" refString="Francisco, PP, 1977. Taxonomy of the chaetognaths of the bight of panama. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta Betin 9: 225 - 240" title="Taxonomy of the chaetognaths of the bight of panama." volume="9" year="1977">Francisco 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 226-229 p., plate 1;
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<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasan, M" journalOrPublisher="Technical Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B80" refString="Srinivasan, M, 1979. Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India. Technical Monograph 3: 1 - 47" title="Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India." volume="3" year="1979">Srinivasan 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 27-29 p., fig. 15A-G;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kim, WR" journalOrPublisher="R" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B36" refString="Kim, WR, 1987. Taxonomical study on the chaetognaths in Korean waters. Master Thesis, University of Hanyang, Seoul, South Korea." title="Taxonomical study on the chaetognaths in Korean waters. Master Thesis, University of Hanyang, Seoul, South Korea." year="1987">Kim 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 18-20 p., plate 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Serratosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serratosagitta pacifica" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">Serratosagitta pacifica</taxonomicName>
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: Tokioka, 1965: 345-346 p.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lutschinger, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plankton Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B45" refString="Lutschinger, S, 1993. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Chaetognatha (arrow worms). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 101." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Chaetognatha (arrow worms). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 101." year="1993">Lutschinger 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 30-31 p., fig. 15 A-B.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05" collectorName="Strait" country="Korea" elevation="25" latitude="33.4084" location="Korea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.91" specimenCount="two">
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<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<collectorName>Strait</collectorName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="24.504" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.4084">33°24.504'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="54.600" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.91">127°54.600'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">0-50 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, oblique towing with MOCNESS,
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<collectingDate value="2019-05">May 2019</collectingDate>
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, NIBRIV0000895311 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" collectorName="Strait" country="Korea" elevation="48" latitude="33.56" location="northern East" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.566696" specimenCount="one">
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<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<collectorName>Strait</collectorName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="33.600" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.56">33°33.600'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="34.002" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.566696">127°34.002'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="48.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="48.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="0.0">0-96 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod>oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
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(
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<specimenCount type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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);
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8ABB4FEC60B57B2A94DC4E8BD18CAE4:046D9E528952E73695633A11E07EDD1D" country="Korea" latitude="33.56" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.566696" name="northern East">northern East</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" collectorName="Sea" country="China" elevation="50" latitude="32.55" location="northern East" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.5" specimenCount="three">
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectorName>Sea</collectorName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="33.000" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.55">32°33.000'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="30.000" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.5">126°30.000 E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod>oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
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, NIBRIV0000895310 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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);
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8ABB4FEC60B57B2A94DC4E8BD18CAE4:912277C3A70786C062176E59C6D52D1C" country="China" latitude="32.55" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.5" name="northern East">northern East</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" collectorName="Sea" country="China" elevation="60" latitude="32.0" location="China" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.0683" specimenCount="two">
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectorName>Sea</collectorName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="00.000" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.0">32°00.000'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="4.098" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.0683">127°4.098'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="0.0">0-120 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod>oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
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,
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<specimenCount type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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Total body length ranged within 11.8 and 13.7 mm. Tail 23.4-24.9% of body length. Hooks 6-7. Anterior 10-13 and posterior teeth 16-25. Rigid and opaque body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A</figureCitation>
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). Small head (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A, B</figureCitation>
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). Grasping spines serrated on edge (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Grasping spine A abruptly curved hooks (Krohnitta subtilis, Krohnittidae) B gently curved and not serrated hooks (Ferosagitta robusta, Sagittidae) C gently curved and serrated hooks (Serratosagitta pacifica, Sagittidae)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704192" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">8C</figureCitation>
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). Collarette absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Position and shape of corona ciliata A Aidanosagitta regularis B Pterosagitta draco C Serratosagitta pacifica D Flaccisagitta enflata." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704194" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">10C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A</figureCitation>
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). Rectangular eyes with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“T”">"T"</normalizedToken>
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shaped eye pigments (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13B</figureCitation>
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). Intestinal diverticula absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Position and shape of corona ciliata A Aidanosagitta regularis B Pterosagitta draco C Serratosagitta pacifica D Flaccisagitta enflata." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704194" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">10C</figureCitation>
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). Anterior fins spanned 21.9% of body length. Anterior fins completely rayed beginning between ventral ganglion and caudal septum. Starting point of anterior fins 34.6% and ending points of anterior fins 55.1% of body length, respectively (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A, D</figureCitation>
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). Posterior fins 26.2% of body length and 1.2 times longer than anterior fins. Starting points of posterior fins 63.7% and ending points of posterior fins 89.7% of body length, respectively. Posterior fins well-separated from anterior fins (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A, E</figureCitation>
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). Caudal fin triangular shaped (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A, C</figureCitation>
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). Seminal vesicles touched or closed to lateral fins and well-separated from tail fin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13C</figureCitation>
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) with elongated knob facing obliquely forward and teeth-like appendages forming 5-10 distal protrusions. Eggs reached anterior of anterior fins. Collarette beginning in front of eyes and extended over neck (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Position and shape of corona ciliata A Aidanosagitta regularis B Pterosagitta draco C Serratosagitta pacifica D Flaccisagitta enflata." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704194" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">10C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. A Serratosagitta pacifica (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">13A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704197" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tokioka" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Serratosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serratosagitta pacifica" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Serratosagitta pacifica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
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head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
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tail
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">D</emphasis>
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anterior fin
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">E</emphasis>
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posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; AT = anterior teeth; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; PT = posterior teeth; SV = seminal vesicle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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This species is found in the epipelagic (0-200 m depth) and mesopelagic zones (200-500 m depth) of the Pacific and Indian Oceans (
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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1967
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="86 - 116" refId="B70" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, Nair, VR, 1991. Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 86 - 116" title="Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Pierrot-Bults and Nair 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), the epipelagic zone of Red Sea, Californian waters (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zoologisch Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="19 - 30" refId="B69" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, 1976. Histology of the seminal vesicles in the " Sagitta serratodentata -group" (Chaetognatha). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum 5 (4): 19 - 30" title="Histology of the seminal vesicles in the " Sagitta serratodentata - group " (Chaetognatha)." volume="5" year="1976">Pierrot-Bults 1976</bibRefCitation>
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) and the Tosa Bay in Japan (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" author="Ohnishi, T" journalOrPublisher="Plankton & Benthos Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 187" refId="B59" refString="Ohnishi, T, Ueda, H, Kuroda, K, 2014. Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan. Plankton & Benthos Research 9 (3): 176 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" title="Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" volume="9" year="2014">Ohnishi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study, it was distributed in the epipelagic zone (0-50 m depth) of the Korea Strait and northern East China Sea (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling stations in Korean waters. Empty circles, sampling stations; filled circles, the stations where the chaetognaths were secured." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704185" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1</figureCitation>
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: stations KS06, KS07, nECS01 and nECS04).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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This species mainly inhabits Indo-pacific warm-water masses (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1959.4.1.0001" author="Bieri, R" journalOrPublisher="Limnology and Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B6" refString="Bieri, R, 1959. The Distribution of the Planktonic Chaetognatha in the Pacific and their Relationship to the Water Masses 1. Limnology and Oceanography 4 (1): 1 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1959.4.1.0001" title="The Distribution of the Planktonic Chaetognatha in the Pacific and their Relationship to the Water Masses 1." url="https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1959.4.1.0001" volume="4" year="1959">Bieri 1959</bibRefCitation>
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). In the Pacific Ocean, it is a known indicator species of the Kuroshio Water Mass (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kim, WR" journalOrPublisher="R" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B36" refString="Kim, WR, 1987. Taxonomical study on the chaetognaths in Korean waters. Master Thesis, University of Hanyang, Seoul, South Korea." title="Taxonomical study on the chaetognaths in Korean waters. Master Thesis, University of Hanyang, Seoul, South Korea." year="1987">Kim 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study, the temperature range of sampling locations was 16.37-20.57 °C and salinity ranged between 34.48-34.61 psu.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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The seminal vesicles are used as an important morphological feature to identify the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tokioka & Pathansali" authorityYear="1963" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Serratosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serratosagitta" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Serratosagitta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. serratodentata" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="serratodentata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">S. serratodentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has thick collarette tissue in front of the seminal vesicles and two projections at the anterior-lateral corner. The seminal vesicles touch the end of posterior fins (
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="67 - 77" refId="B2" refString="Alvarino, A, 1961. Two new chaetognaths from the Pacific. Pacific Science 15 (1): 67 - 77" title="Two new chaetognaths from the Pacific." volume="15" year="1961">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
|
1961
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</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The seminal vesicles of
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|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. pseudoserratodentata" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="pseudoserratodentata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">S. pseudoserratodentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have one projection at the front corner, with small teeth at the anterior end. The seminal vesicles are well-separated from the posterior fins and caudal fin (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="67 - 77" refId="B2" refString="Alvarino, A, 1961. Two new chaetognaths from the Pacific. Pacific Science 15 (1): 67 - 77" title="Two new chaetognaths from the Pacific." volume="15" year="1961">
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|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
|
1961
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. pacifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">S. pacifica</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
(nine specimens), the number of protrusions vary between 5 and 10. The inner serrated row of the grasping spine and the "teeth cells" forming protrusions at the anterior margin of the seminal vesicles were consistent with previous records (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
|
1967
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zoologisch Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="19 - 30" refId="B69" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, 1976. Histology of the seminal vesicles in the " Sagitta serratodentata -group" (Chaetognatha). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum 5 (4): 19 - 30" title="Histology of the seminal vesicles in the " Sagitta serratodentata - group " (Chaetognatha)." volume="5" year="1976">Pierrot-Bults 1976</bibRefCitation>
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). We observed three specimens for CBE staining pattern: dorsomedian line 43 dots; dorsolateral line, 54-69 dots; lateral line, 24 dots; receptors on the lateral fin, 10 dots; anterolateral receptors on the caudal fin, 2 dots; posterior receptors on the caudal fin, 3-4 dots. The dorsomedian dots are patterned as small spots that cross the centre of the body and larger symmetrical spots on dorsolateral line dots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |