300 lines
36 KiB
XML
300 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="3C67490644D09166586DB3AF7D2E7FFF" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222931003678800" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5209729" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629161774096" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Broad, Gavin R." docDate="2010" docId="03F387FC4E59FF8CFE25FB776C14FB99" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.44.23-24.1419-1425.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 44 (23 - 24)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222931003678800" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Geraldus fittoni Broad 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1424" masterDocId="FFCAFF844E5DFF8BFF9AFFD06812FFA6" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Geraldus Fitton (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae), with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="1425" masterPageNumber="1419" pageNumber="1422" updateTime="1699062758455" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="96D7720765B11CBA10E849124D0A8B71" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F9705528228080623E150225931700A3">
|
||
<mods:title id="5659015BF9694CCC44C0060C909F0A41">A review of the genus Geraldus Fitton (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae), with description of a new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="3EF3B08A7DC7C5C7394788D531E7679A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7019298054045F327151553691D0A6CE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="80F41AEB4176458618AB003CD3DA6DE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C27A65B5765387586E0A9F52823A66D4">Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="54CB13352112451D7796C332DB0EF764">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="170C02042BD5E4C7525E6CB51CD9C8D9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5D7B2A68BDB8A70ABB33AA8FEFC6491B">
|
||
<mods:title id="48D3B9A3BB1C245B128191737E74BA1B">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="313729A9094E2801E81A4A26AE381907">
|
||
<mods:date id="D648E8F1CB1617BD0F1F03752C192303">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="ED181C77251796EA5563B02EB0FA0150" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="3411841F5A195C1C3D079B6FF4AFB319">2010-05-24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6C159005388840998226080844F91F59" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7565437AE3D56931C9C741B89A9BD581">44</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="561A98B0FD8408579276C171540DE7E0" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="1F2BB657130BA181623B480E727DF6F3">23 - 24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7C666EA7FEDAE62538C91D0C531D7915" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="3AC82DA89C1F3CE88018F13663F9863F">1419</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3813B2A9C628C3C810D83F5D40D0F3C7">1425</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="FDA5AF321D7D2662635F6784F99E5857">
|
||
<mods:url id="BFD5ABF17604F196B0F72B2001E3A486">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222931003678800</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="9A69626322D226219CCDA3476CD758CF">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A9E9103E8D80AC0AF6D24404A80205CE" type="DOI">10.1080/00222931003678800</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="10E027D5A81AF0DC4E400214DAF9AFF5" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0F422707D2056B1A54B53ACF703BE43B" type="Zenodo-Dep">5209729</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03F387FC4E59FF8CFE25FB776C14FB99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387FC4E59FF8CFE25FB776C14FB99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387FC4E59FF8CFE25FB776C14FB99" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1424" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34065614E59FF8FFE25FB776B33FB19" box="[447,801,1191,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E59FF8FFE25FB776B33FB19" blockId="4.[447,801,1191,1247]" box="[447,801,1191,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">
|
||
<heading id="D0AD81864E59FF8FFE25FB776B33FB19" box="[447,801,1191,1215]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" reason="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E59FF8FFE25FB776AAFFB19" authority="Broad" authorityName="Broad" authorityYear="2010" box="[447,701,1191,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFE25FB776A7EFB19" bold="true" box="[447,620,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Geraldus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
Broad
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57834E59FF8FFD5DFB786B33FB19" box="[711,801,1192,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34065614E59FF8CFDADFB176C14FB99" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1425" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E59FF8FFDADFB176ABAFB79" blockId="4.[447,801,1191,1247]" box="[567,680,1223,1247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A6F4E59FF8FFDA5FB176A8DFB79" box="[575,671,1223,1247]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[212,279,954,976]" captionTargetBox="[213,1170,173,922]" captionTargetId="figure-271@5.[213,1170,172,923]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Geraldus fittoni, holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209735/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E59FF8FFF0AFACF68F3FA91" blockId="4.[144,225,1311,1335]" box="[144,225,1311,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFF0AFACF68F3FA91" box="[144,225,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E59FF8EFF0AFA986BF3FAD9" blockId="4.[144,1104,1351,1695]" lastBlockId="5.[212,1172,1031,1407]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="1423" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">
|
||
Fore wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B0F4E59FF8FFECFFA9769BFFAF9" box="[341,429,1351,1375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; areolet sessile dorsally, pentagonal, with vein 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFC5FFA986BE5FAC6" box="[965,1015,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">rs-m</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFEAAFAB86970FA26" box="[304,354,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">rs-m</emphasis>
|
||
; vein
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFE32FAB869C5FA26" box="[424,471,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
separated from vein
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFD53FAB86B06FA26" box="[713,788,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Rs&M</emphasis>
|
||
by 0.8 times length of
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFB83FAB86C5AFA26" box="[1049,1096,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
; hind wing with abscissa of vein
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFD98FA586A30FA06" box="[514,546,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Cu</emphasis>
|
||
1 between
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFD04FA586AF9FA06" box="[670,747,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">M+Cu</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFCB2FA586B45FA06" box="[808,855,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 times as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFF0AFA7868ADFA66" box="[144,191,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
. Clypeus basally convex, then flattened with apex notched and slightly outcurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A6F4E59FF8FFF70FA176972FA79" box="[234,352,1479,1503]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[212,279,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[213,1170,869,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-295@3.[213,1170,868,1584]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Geraldus cambrensis, head; (B) Geraldus fittoni, head; (C) Geraldus cambrensis, mid-tarsal claws; (D) Geraldus fittoni, mid-tarsal claws; (E) Philogalleria bobbyi, paratype female, Tasmania (Collinsvale), mid-tarsal claws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209733/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennal scrobes deep and coriaceous; antenna slenderer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E59FF8FFF0AFA386939F9A6" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[144,299,1512,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFF0AFA386939F9A6" box="[144,299,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">G. cambrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first flagellomere six times as long as apically broad, with all flagellomeres slightly widened apically. Head with temples long, slightly widened behind eye and slightly longer than dorsal length of eye. Legs not spiny; tarsal claws less curved, longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E59FF8FFE09F9986A3CF9C6" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[403,558,1608,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFE09F9986A3CF9C6" box="[403,558,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">G. cambrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subapical accessory tooth shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A6F4E59FF8FFC52F9976C50F9F9" box="[968,1090,1607,1631]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[212,279,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[213,1170,869,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-295@3.[213,1170,868,1584]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Geraldus cambrensis, head; (B) Geraldus fittoni, head; (C) Geraldus cambrensis, mid-tarsal claws; (D) Geraldus fittoni, mid-tarsal claws; (E) Philogalleria bobbyi, paratype female, Tasmania (Collinsvale), mid-tarsal claws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209733/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind leg very long (slightly longer than body), slenderer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E59FF8FFCF5F9B86C18F926" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[879,1034,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E59FF8FFCF5F9B86C18F926" box="[879,1034,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1422">G. cambrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hind coxa not robust, about 0.6 times length of first metasomal tergite, hind tibia slimly clavate; inner hind tibial spur 0.3 times length of basitarsus. Head and thorax coriaceous, with some inconspicuous punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A6F4E58FF8EFD46FBF76B45FB99" box="[732,855,1063,1087]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[212,279,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[213,1170,869,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-295@3.[213,1170,868,1584]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Geraldus cambrensis, head; (B) Geraldus fittoni, head; (C) Geraldus cambrensis, mid-tarsal claws; (D) Geraldus fittoni, mid-tarsal claws; (E) Philogalleria bobbyi, paratype female, Tasmania (Collinsvale), mid-tarsal claws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209733/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
); meoscutum with shallow notauli, extending back to slightly anterior of front edge of tegulae; propleurum with a ventroposteriorly directed lobe; mesopleurum with epicnemial carina not quite reaching front edge of mesopleurum, sternaulus absent; propodeum coriaceous, lacking carinae except for posterior trace of pleural carina; propodeal spiracle ovoid, about twice as long as medially wide. Metasoma mostly impunctate, shining, some sparse punctures on basal half of first tergite; first tergite sub-basally raised, with spiracle at basal 0.3 and glymma deep, basal; sclerotized part of of first sternite reaching 0.15 times length of tergite; laterotergites large, colourless, coriaceous, overlapping ventrally; metasoma elongate, sixth and seventh tergites longer than broad, eighth tergite visible in dorsal view, ovipositor sheaths projecting beyond metasomal apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A6F4E58FF8EFCE9FAB76BC6FAD9" box="[883,980,1383,1407]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,211,903,925]" captionTargetBox="[145,1102,178,871]" captionTargetId="figure-140@6.[145,1102,177,872]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Geraldus fittoni, metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209737/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2566624E58FF8EFF4EFC6A6B25FC76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209735" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5209735" box="[212,823,954,976]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209735/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423" startId="5.[212,279,954,976]" targetBox="[213,1170,173,922]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E58FF8EFF4EFC6A6B25FC76" blockId="5.[212,823,954,976]" box="[212,823,954,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E58FF8EFEA6FC6A69C5FC76" authorityName="Broad" authorityYear="2010" box="[316,471,954,976]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E58FF8EFEA6FC6A69C5FC76" box="[316,471,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423">Geraldus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E58FF8DFF4EFA786B43FBAF" blockId="5.[212,1172,1447,1695]" lastBlockId="6.[144,1104,977,1033]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1424" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E58FF8EFF4EFA786932FA66" box="[212,288,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1423">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Mostly reddish brown; following parts dull yellow: clypeus (except basal ridge), inner orbits up to level of hind edge of ocelli but interrupted adjacent to antennal scrobes, subalar prominence, upper part of epicnemium, anterior edge of mesoscutum laterad and slightly internal of notauli, strip on lower, posterior edge of pronotum, anterior side of fore coxa; following parts black: antennal flagellum, pedicel and posterior side of scape, patch around tentorial pits and upper corner of mandible, transverse groove of pronotum, groove above subalar prominence, upper posterior edge of mesopleurum, lower posterior corner of mesopleurum, vertical anterior groove of propodeum, posterior edge of propodeum, narrowly at ends of trochantelli; wing membrane hyaline, venation reddish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2566624E5BFF8DFF0AFC576A1DFC3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5209737" box="[144,527,903,925]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209737/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" startId="6.[144,211,903,925]" targetBox="[145,1102,178,871]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFC576A1DFC3B" blockId="6.[144,527,903,925]" box="[144,527,903,925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5BFF8DFF6DFC576981FC3B" authorityName="Broad" authorityYear="2010" box="[247,403,903,925]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFF6DFC576981FC3B" box="[247,403,903,925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Geraldus fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, metasoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFBE968D9FBF7" blockId="6.[144,203,1081,1105]" box="[144,203,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFF0AFBE968D9FBF7" box="[144,203,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFBB16918FBDF" blockId="6.[144,266,1121,1145]" box="[144,266,1121,1145]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFB696970FB77" blockId="6.[144,354,1209,1233]" box="[144,354,1209,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFF0AFB696970FB77" box="[144,354,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFB316B7AFA9E" blockId="6.[144,1104,1249,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B323CB74E5BFF8DFF0AFB316B7AFA9E" collectingDate="1958-12-05" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Chile" elevation="762" location="Puerto Eden" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188484E5BFF8DFF0AFB3168E9FB5F" box="[144,251,1249,1273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female: labelled as ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D767A4E5BFF8DFE7DFB316A34FB5F" box="[487,550,1249,1273]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
HE13.
|
||
<location id="8E8560314E5BFF8DFD18FB316B04FB5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387FC4E59FF8CFE25FB776C14FB99:8E8560314E5BFF8DFD18FB316B04FB5F" box="[642,790,1249,1273]" country="Chile" name="Puerto Eden" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Puerto Eden</location>
|
||
, Isla Wellington. 49ºS[A1].
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B0F4E5BFF8DFF0AFAD168CDFABF" box="[144,223,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" unit="ft" value="2500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0077D1D94E5BFF8DFF0AFAD168CDFABF" box="[144,223,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFE4102A4E5BFF8DFF7CFAD1694BFABF" box="[230,345,1281,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" value="1958-12-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9C24E5BFF8DFF7CFAD1694BFABF" box="[230,345,1281,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" value="1958-12-05">5.xii.1958</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.’ ‘Nothofagus scrub’. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188484E5BFF8DFD1DFAD16AF9FABF" box="[647,747,1281,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and only known specimen was found recently in a drawer of unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5BFF8DFDF4FAF16AF7FA9F" box="[622,741,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Banchinae">Banchinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE2F4E5BFF8DFC92FAF16B76FA9E" box="[776,868,1313,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFAA9691BFA37" blockId="6.[144,265,1401,1425]" box="[144,265,1401,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFF0AFAA9691BFA37" box="[144,265,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AFA716AFCFA7F" blockId="6.[144,1104,1441,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">This species is named after Mike Fitton, who has recently retired from the Natural History Museum, for all his help and encouragement.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8DFF0AF9C96B36F997" blockId="6.[144,804,1561,1585]" box="[144,804,1561,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFF0AF9C96B36F997" bold="true" box="[144,804,1561,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
Identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5BFF8DFED2F9C969EFF997" box="[328,509,1561,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFED2F9C969B8F997" bold="true" box="[328,426,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and phylogenetic affinities
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536EA4E5BFF8CFF0AF9916C14FB99" blockId="6.[144,1104,1601,1689]" lastBlockId="7.[212,1172,167,1087]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1425" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5BFF8DFE92F9916979F9FF" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[264,363,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFE92F9916979F9FF" box="[264,363,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized as such by the following combination of characters: (1) upper mandibular tooth broad, weakly subdivided; (2) hind wing with abscissa of vein
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFEDCF9516974F93F" box="[326,358,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">Cu</emphasis>
|
||
1 between
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFE45F9516A3EF93F" box="[479,556,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">M+Cu</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFDFEF9516A81F93F" box="[612,659,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
much shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5BFF8DFCE9F9516BB0F93F" box="[883,930,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1424">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
; (3) epicnemial carina present; (4) tarsal claws with accessory tooth. The two known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFF4EFF176925FF79" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[212,311,199,223]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFF4EFF176925FF79" box="[212,311,199,223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are restricted to the southern parts of South America, having been collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D767A4E5AFF8CFF6BFF376976FF59" box="[241,356,231,255]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D767A4E5AFF8CFE06FF3769CEFF59" box="[412,476,231,255]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The fact that the six known specimens comprise two distinct species may suggest that there are further
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFD5DFED76B90FEB9" box="[711,898,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFD5DFED76B38FEB9" box="[711,810,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be found. No other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFE11FEF769FAFE99" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[395,488,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFE11FEF769FAFE99" box="[395,488,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Banchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of genera are known to occur in these countries. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFEB3FE9769D6FEF9" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[297,452,327,351]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFEB3FE9769D6FEF9" box="[297,452,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">G. cambrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFE65FE976A76FEF9" authorityName="Broad" authorityYear="2010" box="[511,612,327,351]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFE65FE976A76FEF9" box="[511,612,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">G. fittoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are abundantly distinct and can be readily separated from each other on colour pattern, metasoma shape, hind leg morphology and areolet shape, among other differences. However, two synapomorphic characters indicate a congeneric relationship between the two species: the tarsal claws have a distinct accessory tooth and the clypeus has a sub-basal ridge, clearly separating the basal, convex section from the flattened remainder of the clypeus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B1B4E5AFF8CFC62FE376C86FE59" author="Fitton, MG" box="[1016,1172,487,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" pagination="33 - 45" refId="ref2531" refString="Fitton, MG 1987. A review of the Banchus - group of ichneumon-flies, with a revision of the Australian genus Philogalleria (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Syst Entomol. 12: 33 - 45." type="journal article" year="1987">Fitton (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized the accessory tooth as a unique apomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFC19FDD76BF4FDB9" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[899,998,519,543]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFC19FDD76BF4FDB9" box="[899,998,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there is a similar structure present on the tarsal claws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFD7CFDF76B7DFD99" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" box="[742,879,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFD7CFDF76B7DFD99" box="[742,879,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, albeit much more resembling a solitary pecten from a pectinate claw (other genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFC06FD976BE5FDF9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[924,1015,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFC06FD976BE5FDF9" box="[924,1015,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Banchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group lack all trace of pectination or accessory teeth). This structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A6F4E5AFF8CFCADFDB76BB5FDD9" box="[823,935,615,639]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[212,279,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[213,1170,869,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-295@3.[213,1170,868,1584]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. (A) Geraldus cambrensis, head; (B) Geraldus fittoni, head; (C) Geraldus cambrensis, mid-tarsal claws; (D) Geraldus fittoni, mid-tarsal claws; (E) Philogalleria bobbyi, paratype female, Tasmania (Collinsvale), mid-tarsal claws." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5209733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5209733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) is present in all four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFED9FD5769DFFD39" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" box="[323,461,647,671]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFED9FD5769DFFD39" box="[323,461,647,671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in BMNH. If we assume that the accessory teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFBF9FD57691EFD19" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFBF9FD57691EFD19" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFEDCFD7769C2FD19" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" box="[326,464,679,703]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFEDCFD7769C2FD19" box="[326,464,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a common origin in plesiomorphic claw pectination, then the state found in the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFDF7FD176ADFFD79" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[621,717,711,735]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFDF7FD176ADFFD79" box="[621,717,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be assumed to be derived relative to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFEBBFD3769B9FD59" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" box="[289,427,743,767]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFEBBFD3769B9FD59" box="[289,427,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the morphology of this tooth has diverged more from the original pectination. As both genera seem to be rather basal within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFC02FCD76BE1FCB9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[920,1011,775,799]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFC02FCD76BE1FCB9" box="[920,1011,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Banchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B1B4E5AFF8CFBD7FCD76919FC99" author="Fitton, MG" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" pagination="33 - 45" refId="ref2531" refString="Fitton, MG 1987. A review of the Banchus - group of ichneumon-flies, with a revision of the Australian genus Philogalleria (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Syst Entomol. 12: 33 - 45." type="journal article" year="1987">Fitton 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; results from certain analyses in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B1B4E5AFF8CFDEBFCF76B2AFC99" author="Quicke, DLJ & Laurenne, NM & Fitton, MG & Broad, GR" box="[625,824,807,831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" pagination="1305 - 1421" refId="ref2593" refString="Quicke, DLJ, Laurenne, NM, Fitton, MG, Broad, GR 2009. A thousand and one wasps: a 28 S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision. J Nat Hist. 43: 1305 - 1421." type="journal article" year="2009">Quicke et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) it would appear that any trace of pectination has been lost in other genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFD2DFC976B83FCF9" box="[695,913,839,863]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFD2DFC976B53FCF9" box="[695,833,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess two wing venation apomorphies that suggest that they comprise a monophyletic group: fore wing vein 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFF7AFC576907FC39" box="[224,277,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">m-cu</emphasis>
|
||
with a distinct ramellus, and fore wing vein
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFD6EFC576B30FC39" box="[756,802,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
is separated from
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFC73FC576C21FC39" box="[1001,1075,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Rs&M</emphasis>
|
||
by a distance greater than the length of
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFDD3FC776A65FC19" box="[585,631,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">cu-a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFD12FC776B00FC19" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" box="[648,786,935,959]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFD12FC776B00FC19" box="[648,786,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide range of body forms, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B1B4E5AFF8CFE85FC1769A7FC79" author="Fitton, MG" box="[287,437,967,991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" pagination="33 - 45" refId="ref2531" refString="Fitton, MG 1987. A review of the Banchus - group of ichneumon-flies, with a revision of the Australian genus Philogalleria (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Syst Entomol. 12: 33 - 45." type="journal article" year="1987">Fitton (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued was evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFD7DFC176B63FC79" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" box="[743,881,967,991]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Philogalleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFD7DFC176B63FC79" box="[743,881,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Philogalleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFC34FC176C1CFC79" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[942,1038,967,991]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFC34FC176C1CFC79" box="[942,1038,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are archaic genera within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFE01FC3769E4FC59" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[411,502,999,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFE01FC3769E4FC59" box="[411,502,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Banchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The discovery of a second species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFC7DFC376C55FC59" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[999,1095,999,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFC7DFC376C55FC59" box="[999,1095,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">Geraldus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a body form widely divergent from that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E188484E5AFF8CFD24FBD86AFFFB86" box="[702,749,1032,1056]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D694E5AFF8CFCD6FBD76BF3FBB9" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1987" box="[844,993,1031,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Geraldus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAF84E5AFF8CFCD6FBD76BF3FBB9" box="[844,993,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1425">G. cambrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lends weight to this hypothesis, that these are Gondwanan relics of an early diversification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |