315 lines
42 KiB
XML
315 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A385550D7EF5E0DAB1BCB16D53B26865">Diversity of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 from Xiaolong Mountains in western China (Araneae: Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC3ECE67D0A949571AEE07C3FE9C2E28">Zhang, Rui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="87FC508E05BE62E755B2D9D6EF44E258">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China & 15531220981 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6937 - 6434</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="847D31BA03C6DA300A01021FB2B91C07">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDCA2A14BECF97115E40174F9D1A54BA">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China & dudu 06042001 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3347 - 1031</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3AFF92DCDB06C8BA25AFDD" box="[151,637,1735,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DCDB06C8BA25AFDD" blockId="10.[151,637,1735,1798]" box="[151,637,1735,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DCDB06C8BA25AFDD" ID-CoL="7CDPM" ID-ENA="3046091" authority="Song & Wang, 1994" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,637,1735,1762]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibaiensis">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DCDB06C8BA25AFDD" bold="true" box="[151,637,1735,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DCDB06C8B926AFDE" bold="true" box="[151,382,1735,1762]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Tmarus taibaiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92DDC906C8BA25AFDD" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[389,637,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DCDB06E4B94CAE3A" blockId="10.[151,637,1735,1798]" box="[151,276,1771,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC3AFF92DCDB06E4B94CAE3A" box="[151,276,1771,1798]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 43–46" captionStart-1="FIGURES 47–50" captionStartId-0="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1412,181,1912]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,194,1872]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@14.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@15.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 43–46. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994. 43–44 Male habitus (43 dorsal, 44 ventral); 45–46 Female habitus (45 dorsal, 46 ventral)." captionText-1="FIGURES 47–50. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994. 47–48 Left male palp (47 ventral, 48 retrolateral); 49 Epigynum, ventral view; 50 Vulva, dorsal view.A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ITA = intermedial tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; T = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027859" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027861" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8027859/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8027861/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Figs 43–50</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3AFF92DCDB073FB95FAE5A" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DCDB073FB95FAE5A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1839,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10FBBC3AFF92DCDB073FBA0EAE74" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[151,598,1840,1864]" page="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" year="1994">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DCDB073FBA0EAE74" ID-CoL="7CDPM" authority="Song & Wang, 1994: 47" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,598,1840,1864]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibaiensis">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DCDB073FB901AE74" box="[151,345,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Tmarus taibaiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92DD13073FBA0EAE74" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[351,598,1840,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang, 1994: 47</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 2A–D.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10FBBC3AFF92DE9A073FBBECAE7B" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S." box="[726,948,1839,1864]" page="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92DE9A073FBBECAE7B" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S." box="[726,948,1839,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refId="ref6592" refString="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (1997) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae, Philodromidae. Science Press, Beijing, 259 pp." type="book" year="1997">Song & Zhu 1997: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 31A–B;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10FBBC3AFF92D80E073FBD37AE7B" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J." box="[1090,1391,1839,1864]" page="500" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92D80E073FBD37AE7B" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J." box="[1090,1391,1839,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" refId="ref6627" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp." type="book" year="1999">Song, Zhu & Chen 1999: 500</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig.
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||
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD63BC3AFF92DC8B0741B95FAE5A" box="[199,263,1870,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="generic">284N.</specimenCount>
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DCDB079BB9DDAE92" bold="true" box="[151,389,1940,1966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B233CB7BC3AFF92DDC3079BBB48AEEE" collectingDate="2021-08-22" collectorName="Rui Zhang" country="China" county="Wushan County" elevation="2201" latitude="34.53472" location="Shangheyu Village" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="104.85361" municipality="Longtai Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Gansu">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DDC3079BBA0EAE92" bold="true" box="[399,598,1940,1966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<collectingCountry id="F35C767ABC3AFF92DDC3079BB9A9AE92" box="[399,497,1940,1966]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DE4D079BBA0EAE92" bold="true" box="[513,598,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<collectingRegion id="498FF808BC3AFF92DE4D079BBA17AE92" box="[513,591,1940,1966]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Gansu</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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1♁
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD63BC3AFF92DEC9079ABAF0AE93" box="[645,680,1941,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62954E66BC3AFF92DEF5079BBB2BAE93" box="[697,883,1940,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Wushan County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B90AC90BC3AFF92DFCD079BBC7DAE93" box="[897,1061,1940,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Longtai Town</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8E946031BC3AFF92D878079BBD57AE92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287FCBC3AFF89DCDB06C8BA0BAA29:8E946031BC3AFF92D878079BBD57AE92" box="[1076,1295,1940,1966]" country="China" county="Wushan County" latitude="34.53472" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="104.85361" municipality="Longtai Town" name="Shangheyu Village" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Gansu">Shangheyu Village</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F502DBC3AFF92D952079ABDC0AE93" box="[1310,1432,1941,1969]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="5" value="34.53472">34°32′5″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F502DBC3AFF92DCDB07B7B971AEEF" box="[151,297,1976,2005]" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="13" value="104.85361">104°51′13″E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB39B0FBC3AFF92DD7407B6B9D1AEEF" box="[312,393,1977,2003]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2009999999999996" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2201.0">
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<elevation id="0066D1D9BC3AFF92DD7407B6B9D1AEEF" box="[312,393,1977,2003]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2009999999999996" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2201.0">2201m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFF5102ABC3AFF92DDDB07B6BA0AAEEF" box="[407,594,1977,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" value="2021-08-22">
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<collectingDate id="EFB1E9C2BC3AFF92DDDB07B6BA0AAEEF" box="[407,594,1977,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" value="2021-08-22">22 August 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26BE533CBC3AFF92DE2C07B7BA83AEEE" box="[608,731,1976,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Rui Zhang</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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; 3♁
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B233CB7BC3AFF92DF0D07B5BBB0AECA" collectingDate="2022-06-27" collectorName="Zhaoyi Li" country="China" county="Wushan County" elevation="2552" latitude="34.475277" location="Woniu Mountain Forest Park" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="104.83389" municipality="Yanan Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Gansu">
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD63BC3AFF92DF0D07B5BB3EAEE9" box="[833,870,1978,2005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62954E66BC3AFF92DF3A07B7BC77AEEF" box="[886,1071,1976,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Wushan County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B90AC90BC3AFF92D87707B6BC95AEEF" box="[1083,1229,1977,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Yanan Town</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8E946031BC3AFF92D89707B7B942AECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287FCBC3AFF89DCDB06C8BA0BAA29:8E946031BC3AFF92D89707B7B942AECA" country="China" county="Wushan County" latitude="34.475277" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="104.83389" municipality="Yanan Town" name="Woniu Mountain Forest Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Gansu">
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<location id="8E946031BC3AFF92D89707B7B885AECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287FCBC3AFF89DCDB06C8BA0BAA29:8E946031BC3AFF92D89707B7B885AECB" country="China" county="Wushan County" latitude="34.475277" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="104.83389" municipality="Yanan Town" name="Woniu Mountain Forest" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Gansu">
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Woniu
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<location id="8E946031BC3AFF92D96307B7B885AECB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287FCBC3AFF89DCDB06C8BA0BAA29:8E946031BC3AFF92D96307B7B885AECB" country="China" county="Wushan County" latitude="34.475277" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="104.83389" municipality="Yanan Town" name="Mountain Forest Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Gansu">Mountain Forest</location>
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</location>
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Park
|
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</location>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F502DBC3AFF92DD6A07D1B9F5AEC5" box="[294,429,2014,2041]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="31" value="34.475277">34°28′31″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F502DBC3AFF92DDF507D1BA65AEC5" box="[441,573,2014,2041]" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="2" value="104.83389">104°50′2″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B0FBC3AFF92DE0507D3BAC2AECB" box="[585,666,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.552" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2552.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0066D1D9BC3AFF92DE0507D3BAC2AECB" box="[585,666,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.552" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2552.0">2552m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF5102ABC3AFF92DEE907D2BB65AECB" box="[677,829,2013,2039]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" value="2022-06-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB1E9C2BC3AFF92DEE907D2BB65AECB" box="[677,829,2013,2039]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" value="2022-06-27">27 June 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BE533CBC3AFF92DF0407D3BBEFAECA" box="[840,951,2012,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Zhaoyi Li</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3BFF93DC8B0099BB18A8B5" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3BFF93DC8B0099BB18A8B5" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DC8B0099B91AA98C" bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of this species resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DF520098BC15A98D" authority="Walckenaer, 1802" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[798,1101,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DF520098BB20A98C" box="[798,888,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3BFF93DFCE0098BC15A98D" author="Walckenaer, C. A." box="[898,1101,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" pagination="187 - 250" refId="ref6945" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1802) Faune parisienne. Insectes. ou Histoire abregee des insectes de environs de Paris. Tome second. DENTU, Paris, pp. 187 - 250." type="book chapter" year="1802">Walckenaer, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3BFF93D8130098BD3BA98D" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S." box="[1119,1379,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" refId="ref6592" refString="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (1997) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae, Philodromidae. Science Press, Beijing, 259 pp." type="book" year="1997">Song & Zhu 1997: 51</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 28C–D) in having RTA curved dorsally, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: (1) embolus slim (vs. thick in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DE2200D0BA9DA9C4" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[622,709,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DE2200D0BA9DA9C4" box="[622,709,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) embolus arising from tegulum at 11 to 12-o’clock-position (vs. 12 to 13-o’clock-position in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DE4F010CBA01A820" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[515,601,259,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DE4F010CBA01A820" box="[515,601,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (3) tibia with three apophyses (vs. two apophyses in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93D8F9010CBD53A820" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[1205,1291,259,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93D8F9010CBD53A820" box="[1205,1291,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DCDB0128B974A87D" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,300,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DCDB0128B974A87D" box="[151,300,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. taibaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DE280128BAE3A87C" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[612,699,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DE280128BAE3A87C" box="[612,699,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a broad atrium, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) copulatory ducts tube-shaped (vs. swollen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DFB30144BC0EA858" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[1023,1110,331,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DFB30144BC0EA858" box="[1023,1110,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) spermathecae large, ca. 1/3 of vulva width (vs. small, 1/4 width of vulva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DE950160BB68A8B4" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1802" box="[729,816,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DE950160BB68A8B4" box="[729,816,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">T. piger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF346662BC3BFF93DCDB07BCBD2CAED3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8027847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027847/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" startId="11.[151,264,1971,1995]" targetBox="[177,1410,441,1943]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3BFF93DCDB07BCBD2CAED3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1971,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DCDB07BCB90DAEF7" bold="true" box="[151,341,1971,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">FIGURES 30–33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3BFF93DD1007BBBA21AEF7" authority="Paik, 1973" authorityName="Paik" authorityYear="1973" box="[348,633,1971,1995]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3BFF93DD1007BBBA59AEF7" box="[348,513,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="86">Tmarus rimosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3BFF93DE4407BCBA21AEF7" author="Paik, K. Y." box="[520,633,1971,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="86" pagination="79 - 89" refId="ref6247" refString="Paik, K. Y. (1973) Korean spiders of genus Tmarus (Araneae, Thomisidae). Theses Collection of the Graduate School of Education of Kyungpook National University, 4, 79 - 89." type="journal article" year="1973">Paik, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 30–31 Female habitus (30 dorsal, 31 ventral); 32 Epigynum, ventral view; 33 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF346662BC3CFF94DCDB0798B99BAEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8027849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027849/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" startId="12.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[263,1326,192,1898]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3CFF94DCDB0798B99BAEEF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3CFF94DCDB0798B90CAE93" bold="true" box="[151,340,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">FIGURES 34–38.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3CFF94DD170797BA15AE93" authority="Zhang & Zhang, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang" authorityYear="2023" box="[347,589,1943,1967]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subqinlingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3CFF94DD170797BA15AE93" box="[347,589,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">Tmarus subqinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3CFF94DE180797BAFCAE8C" bold="true" box="[596,676,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C5783BC3CFF94DE180797BAFCAE8C" box="[596,676,1944,1968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
35–36 Male habitus (35 dorsal, 36 ventral); 34, 37–38 Female habitus (34 lateral, 37 dorsal, 38 ventral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF346662BC3DFF95DCDB06E4BBF6AE77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8027855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027855/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" startId="13.[151,264,1771,1795]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1737]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3DFF95DCDB06E4BBF6AE77" blockId="13.[151,1436,1771,1867]" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3DFF95DCDB06E4B90EAE3F" bold="true" box="[151,342,1771,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">FIGURES 39–42.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3DFF95DD1106E3BA08AE3F" authority="Zhang & Zhang, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang" authorityYear="2023" box="[349,592,1771,1795]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subqinlingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3DFF95DD1106E3BA08AE3F" box="[349,592,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">Tmarus subqinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3DFF95DE1406E4BAF2AE3F" bold="true" box="[600,682,1771,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C5783BC3DFF95DE1406E4BAF2AE3F" box="[600,682,1771,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
39–40 Left male palp (39 ventral, 40 retrolateral); 41 Epigynum, ventral view; 42 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF346662BC3EFF96DCDB0798B9D8AEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8027859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027859/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" startId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[175,1412,181,1912]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3EFF96DCDB0798B9D8AEEF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3EFF96DCDB0798B90CAE93" bold="true" box="[151,340,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">FIGURES 43–46.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3EFF96DD160797BAACAE8C" authority="Song & Wang, 1994" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[346,756,1943,1968]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3EFF96DD160797BA44AE93" box="[346,540,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Tmarus taibaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3EFF96DE6E0797BAACAE8C" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[546,756,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 43–44 Male habitus (43 dorsal, 44 ventral); 45–46 Female habitus (45 dorsal, 46 ventral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF346662BC3FFF97DCDB0762B95CAECD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8027861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027861/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" startId="15.[151,264,1901,1925]" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1872]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3FFF97DCDB0762B95CAECD" blockId="15.[151,1437,1901,2033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3FFF97DCDB0762B90DAEB9" bold="true" box="[151,341,1901,1925]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">FIGURES 47–50.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3FFF97DD100761BAA2AEB9" authority="Song & Wang, 1994" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[348,762,1901,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3FFF97DD100761BA47AEB9" box="[348,543,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Tmarus taibaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3FFF97DE6A0762BAA2AEB9" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[550,762,1901,1925]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 47–48 Left male palp (47 ventral, 48 retrolateral); 49 Epigynum, ventral view; 50 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ITA = intermedial tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; T = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC20FF89DC8B0099BAE2AB5D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="16" pageNumber="91" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC20FF88DC8B0099B9A1A8B5" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC20FF88DC8B0099B99CA98D" bold="true" box="[199,452,150,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">Redescription. Male:</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 3.90. Prosoma 1.69 long, 1.66 wide; opisthosoma 2.27 long, 1.45 wide. Middle longitudinal band of carapace yellowish, 1/4 of dorsal carapace width. Two black triangular patches at the end of carapace. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.17, PME 0.06, PLE 0.13, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.30 AME–PME 0.30, ALE–PLE 0.29. MOA 0.32 long, front width 0.15, back width 0.24. Leg measurements: I 7.10 (1.83, 0.73, 2.04, 1.47, 1.03); II 7.32 (1.92, 0.72, 2.02, 1.75, 0.91); III 4.41 (1.24, 0.47, 1.22, 0.91, 0.57); IV 4.64 (1.42, 0.49, 1.20, 0.99, 0.54). Leg formula: 2143. Abdomen greyish brown dorsally, white centrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC20FF88DC8B019CBA14A8C9" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC20FF88DD47019CB9CAA891" box="[267,402,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–50" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 47–50. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994. 47–48 Left male palp (47 ventral, 48 retrolateral); 49 Epigynum, ventral view; 50 Vulva, dorsal view.A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ITA = intermedial tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; T = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027861/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">Figs 47–48</figureCitation>
|
||
). VTA finger-like, apex slightly curved; RTA with thin apex, extending straight dorsally; ITA longer than VTA, bending outwards. Tegulum flat; embolus slender, originating about ~ 11 o’clock position, terminating about ~ 4 o’clock position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF346662BC20FF88DCDB0796B96AAEC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8027863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027863/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="91" startId="16.[151,264,1945,1969]" targetBox="[151,1436,525,1917]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC20FF88DCDB0796B96AAEC5" blockId="16.[151,1436,1945,2041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC20FF88DCDB0796B90EAE8D" bold="true" box="[151,342,1945,1969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">FIGURES 51–54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC20FF88DD120795BA95AE8E" authority="Sherwood & Li, 2021" authorityName="Sherwood & Li" authorityYear="2021" box="[350,717,1945,1970]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC20FF88DD120795B986AE8D" box="[350,478,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="91">Tmarus zhui</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC20FF88DDAB0796BA95AE8E" author="Sherwood, D. & Li, S. Q." box="[487,717,1945,1970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="91" pagination="143 - 144" refId="ref6318" refString="Sherwood, D. & Li, S. Q. (2021) Nomenclatural notes on a homonym in the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Thomisidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 30, 143 - 144." type="journal article" year="2021">Sherwood & Li, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 51–52 Female habitus (51 dorsal, 52 ventral); 53 Epigynum, ventral view; 54 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; S = spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC21FF89DC8B0098B966A8ED" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC21FF89DC8B0098B970A98D" bold="true" box="[199,296,151,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
total length 5.54. Prosoma 1.64 long, 1.70 wide; opisthosoma 3.90 long, 3.01 wide. Carapace brown, length almost equal to width, and covered with seta. A longitudinal band in the center of the carapace, ca. 1/4 of carapace width. Two black triangular patches along the posterior margin. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.15, PME 0.08, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.17, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.27, PME–PLE 0.36, AME–PME 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.27. MOA 0.30 long, front width 0.29, back width 0.43. The sternum with many small black spots. Abdomen pale with many small black spots, dorsally bright greyish in the centre, dark greyish on the sides. Posteriorly with three symmetrical transverse stripes. Leg measurements: I 5.84 (1.72, 0.77, 1.46, 1.12, 0.77); II 5.76 (1.83, 0.83, 1.49, 1.19, 0.72); III 4.19 (1.30, 0.61, 1.01, 0.68, 0.62); IV 4.24 (1.48, 0.53, 0.96, 0.74, 0.53). Leg formula: 1243.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC21FF89DC8B01D4BAE2AB5D" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Epigyne (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC21FF89DD7401D4B99DA8C9" box="[312,453,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–50" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 47–50. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994. 47–48 Left male palp (47 ventral, 48 retrolateral); 49 Epigynum, ventral view; 50 Vulva, dorsal view.A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ITA = intermedial tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; T = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027861/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Figs 49, 50</figureCitation>
|
||
). Atrium wide, located at anterior portion of epigynal plate, with delimited margin anteriorly and laterally, length is slightly longer than width. Hood absent. Copulatory openings located at basolateral atrial borders, widely separated. Copulatory ducts short, thick and longitudinal. Spermatheca globular, large, ca. 1/3 of vulva width; fertilization ducts short, acicular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC21FF89DC8B0265BB26ABB9" box="[199,894,618,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC21FF89DC8B0265BB26ABB9" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,789]" box="[199,894,618,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC21FF89DC8B0265B939ABB8" bold="true" box="[199,353,618,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C767ABC21FF89DD2B0264B9F2ABB9" box="[359,426,619,645]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498FF808BC21FF89DDF50264BA5DABB9" box="[441,517,619,645]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Gansu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498FF808BC21FF89DE5C0264BA37ABB9" box="[528,623,619,645]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Habitat as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC21FF89DF5A0264BB23ABB9" box="[790,891,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[340,1247,181,1394]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2–9. Habitats of Tmarus speicies treated in this paper. 2 T. orientalis Schenkel, 1963; 3 T. piger Walckenaer, 1802; 4 T. qinlingensis Song & Wang, 1994; 5 T. rimosus Paik, 1973; 6 T. subqinlingensis sp. nov.; 7, 9 T. taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994; 8 T. zhui Sherwood & Li, 2021." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027835/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Figs 7, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC21FF89DC8B0280BA0BAA29" pageId="17" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC21FF89DC8B0280BA0BAA29" blockId="17.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC21FF89DC8B0280B968AB95" bold="true" box="[199,304,655,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
We provide the first description of the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC21FF89DF030280BB8BAB95" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[847,979,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibaiensi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC21FF89DF030280BB8BAB95" box="[847,979,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">T taibaiensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. Both males and females were collected in the same locality. We matched both sexes based on morphology of the male and female (newly collected females have general appearance as males,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC21FF89DE5402D8BACFABCD" box="[536,663,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Tmarus taibaiensis Song & Wang, 1994. 43–44 Male habitus (43 dorsal, 44 ventral); 45–46 Female habitus (45 dorsal, 46 ventral)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027859/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="92">Figs 43–46</figureCitation>
|
||
), and DNA barcoding data (the genetic distance between the male and female voucher specimens was 1.51%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |