431 lines
64 KiB
XML
431 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="220ACF60EFDCCA2B5EDC329610D1919A">Preliminary review of the genus Stenotarsus Perty (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) from México, Guatemala and Belize, with descriptions of twelve new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8FEB7703EEAC2EE82DE74652357B7DEA">Arriaga-Varela, Emmanuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D1418B3A5331CD1147A6B4E47B2E8CE">Zaragoza-Caballero, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4ADF22DEEEF263581DBDFF21FCAFF22">Tomaszewska, Wioletta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AC25AD444293A2F9A45956FF8D284EE">Navarrete-Heredia, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2EE97B3E0F20A38EC9268E6BAE5BA06E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8C277C2A235E62C4EC326EFD53BECFE2">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3D135C6DE2F20B4F8567EBBA7464E0F">3645</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C46DA0ABB137C0025D69A889820692A9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3645.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287F63053FFA20B83F9F8FA54F81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6164174" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127663958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6164174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287F63053FFA20B83F9F8FA54F81E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287F63053FFA20B83F9F8FA54F81E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C351656B3053FFA00B83F9F8FEF2F8EE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436E03053FFA00B83F9F8FE7EF992" blockId="5.[151,438,1590,1616]" box="[151,438,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0BC818C3053FFA00B83F9F8FE7EF992" bold="true" box="[151,438,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA00B83F9F8FE7EF992" ID-CoL="8HFX3" authority="Perty, 1832" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,438,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F9F8FE7EF992" bold="true" box="[151,438,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F9F8FEEBF992" bold="true" box="[151,291,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
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Perty, 1832
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436E03053FFA00B83F9B0FA54F912" blockId="5.[151,1436,1661,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA00B83F9B0FE73F951" authority="Perty, 1832: 112" authorityName="Perty" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,443,1662,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F9B0FEC4F951" box="[151,268,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
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Perty, 1832: 112
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F088423053FFA00AD0F9B0FE3EF951" box="[452,502,1662,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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species, by monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA009F2F9B0FB80F951" authority="Perty, 1832" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1832" box="[742,1096,1661,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicollis">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA009F2F9B0FC04F951" box="[742,972,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stenotarsus brevicollis</emphasis>
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Perty, 1832
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA00B83F952FE04F973" authority="Thomson, 1857: 157" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,460,1691,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Quirinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F952FF39F973" box="[151,241,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quirinus</emphasis>
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Thomson, 1857: 157
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F088423053FFA00AC2F953FDC0F970" box="[470,520,1693,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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species, by monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA009ECF952FBBAF973" authority="Thomson, 1857" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1857" box="[760,1138,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Quirinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcithorax">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA009ECF952FC02F970" box="[760,970,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quirinus sulcithorax</emphasis>
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Thomson, 1857
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F974FECDF912" box="[151,261,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Systaechea</emphasis>
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Gorham, 1890: 132.
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<typeStatus id="54F088423053FFA00ACCF975FDC1F912" box="[472,521,1723,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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species, by subsequent designation of Arrow (1920: 53):
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00F5FF974FAFFF912" box="[1099,1335,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Systaechea cyanoptera</emphasis>
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Gorham,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436E03053FFA00BD3F914FF37F92D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1661,1836]" box="[199,255,1754,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<bibRef id="52EBA2163053FFA00BD3F914FF37F92D" box="[199,255,1754,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="book">
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<year id="FFE377B33053FFA00BD3F914FF34F92D" box="[199,252,1754,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1890</year>
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.
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</bibRef>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436E03053FFA00B83F936FEF2F8EE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1661,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA00B83F936FE0CF8CF" authority="Csiki, 1900: 401" authorityName="Csiki" authorityPageNumber="401" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,452,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Stenotarsoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F936FEE9F8CC" box="[151,289,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stenotarsoides</emphasis>
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Csiki, 1900: 401
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F088423053FFA00AD9F937FE34F8CC" box="[461,508,1785,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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species, by subsequent designation of Tomaszewska (2000: 475):
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633053FFA00F78F936FEFEF8EE" authority="Csiki, 1900" authorityName="Csiki" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Stenotarsoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00F78F936FA54F8CC" box="[1132,1436,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stenotarsoides quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
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Csiki, 1900
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351656B3053FFA20B83F897FD70FE45" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF436E03053FFA00B83F897FE55F81F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1881,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF23053FFA00B83F897FEE1F8B0" bold="true" box="[151,297,1881,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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(Modified from Tomaszewska 2000). Length
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<quantity id="4CB39B053053FFA0083FF897FC51F8B3" box="[811,921,1881,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">3–12 mm</quantity>
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. Body short to long oval, moderately (
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<figureCitation id="13702A653053FFA00E57F897FA5CF8B3" box="[1347,1428,1881,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 49. 43 – 47" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1543,1566]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1517]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1522]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 49. 43 – 47. Habitus in ventral view of Stenotarsus spp. 48 – 49 Habitus in lateral view of Stenotarsus spp. 43) S. guatemalae; 44) S. kafkai; 45) S. nigricans; 46) S. militaris; 47) S. thoracicus; 48) S. incisus; 49) S. oblongulus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283707/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
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) to strongly convex (
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<figureCitation id="13702A653053FFA00A62F8B3FE01F857" box="[374,457,1917,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 49. 43 – 47" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1543,1566]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1517]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1522]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 49. 43 – 47. Habitus in ventral view of Stenotarsus spp. 48 – 49 Habitus in lateral view of Stenotarsus spp. 43) S. guatemalae; 44) S. kafkai; 45) S. nigricans; 46) S. militaris; 47) S. thoracicus; 48) S. incisus; 49) S. oblongulus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283707/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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), somewhat shiny, rather densely pubescent, setae variable in length. Colors red, brown and black, most commonly reddish-brown; often with contrasting markings on pronotum and elytra and/ or ventrites (Figs. 14–42).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436E03050FFA30BD3FF59FD61FD2D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Head rather deeply retracted in prothorax, almost as long as wide. Gular sutures, moderately long, subparallel, widely separated. Eyes large, oval, prominent, finely to coarsely faceted (
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<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30F19FF72FB9CFF16" box="[1037,1108,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1526,1549]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,198,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1505]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. General morphology of Stenotarsus. 1) S. globosus male habitus dorsal; 2) S. ovalis male habitus ventral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283703/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Antennal grooves absent; antennal sockets visible from above. Antenna remarkably variable in structure and length (
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<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30FBEFF11FAFDFF35" box="[1194,1333,223,247]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 54 – 71" captionStart-1="FIGURES 72 – 78" captionStartId-0="60.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionStartId-1="61.[151,264,970,993]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1418,184,1895]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1409,225,892]" captionTargetId-0="figure@60.[151,1436,171,1910]" captionTargetId-1="figure@61.[151,1436,193,949]" captionTargetPageId-0="60" captionTargetPageId-1="61" captionText-0="FIGURES 54 – 71. Right antennae of Stenotarsus spp. 54) S. cortesi; 55) S. exiguus; 56) S. globosus, S. rubrocinctus; 57) S. guatemalae; 58) S. incisus; 59) S. kafkai; 60) S. latipes; 61) S. lemniscatus; 62) S. marginalis; 63) S. mesoamericanus; 64) S. mexicanus; 65) S. militaris; 66) S. molgorae; 67) S. monterrosoi; 68) S. nigricans; 69) S. oblongulus; 70) S. ovalis; 71) S. parallelicornis." captionText-1="FIGURES 72 – 78. Right antennae of Stenotarsus spp. 72) S. raramuri; 73) S. rulfoi; 74) S. sallaei; 75) S. shockleyi; 76) S. smithi; 77) S. spiropenis; 78) S. thoracicus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283709/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283710/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 58–78</figureCitation>
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), usually longer than head and pronotum together, 11-segmented; club 3-segmented, comparatively narrow, loose, somewhat flattened. Fronto-clypeal suture linear. Clypeus transverse, rectangular, flat. Labrum bearing short setae, with narrow submembranous, emarginate apex; tormae elongate, with mesal arms recurved posteriorly; labral rods sclerotized, weakly divergent anteriorly. Mandible almost symmetrical (
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<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA308D0FEA1FBF9FE45" box="[964,1073,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 13" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[201,1400,183,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[194,1404,153,1909]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 13. Morphology of Stenotarsus spp. 3) Head; 4) Mandible dorsal; 5) Mandible ventral; 6) Maxilla; 7) Labium; 8) Labial palp; 9) Hind wing; 10) Male abdominal segment IX ventral; 11) Basal fovea of pronotum; 12) Surface of elytron; 13) Metatarsus. 3 – 7, 9 – 13. S. latipes. 8. S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
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), with two apical teeth and one, small subapical tooth; mola transversely ridged; prostheca covered with short setae; submola small, setose, membranous. Maxilla 4-segmented (
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<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA3092EFE79FD48FE0D" box="[570,640,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 13" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[201,1400,183,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[194,1404,153,1909]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 13. Morphology of Stenotarsus spp. 3) Head; 4) Mandible dorsal; 5) Mandible ventral; 6) Maxilla; 7) Labium; 8) Labial palp; 9) Hind wing; 10) Male abdominal segment IX ventral; 11) Basal fovea of pronotum; 12) Surface of elytron; 13) Metatarsus. 3 – 7, 9 – 13. S. latipes. 8. S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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) with terminal palpomere subequal to larger than 2 and 3 combined, cylindrical, narrowly rounded apically. Galea large, weakly expanded apically, densely but shortly setose apically; twice as wide as lacinia. Lacinia almost as long as galea, of equal width throughout, with obliquely truncate apex, covered with a few long spines apically, and with dense fringe of setae along medial margin. Labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30E03FDEAFA92FDFE" box="[1303,1370,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 13" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[201,1400,183,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[194,1404,153,1909]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 13. Morphology of Stenotarsus spp. 3) Head; 4) Mandible dorsal; 5) Mandible ventral; 6) Maxilla; 7) Labium; 8) Labial palp; 9) Hind wing; 10) Male abdominal segment IX ventral; 11) Basal fovea of pronotum; 12) Surface of elytron; 13) Metatarsus. 3 – 7, 9 – 13. S. latipes. 8. S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3-segmented palpi comparatively slender, distinctly separated at base; terminal palpomere subcylindrical, narrow and subtruncate apically, or broad and widely truncate apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30878FDA2FC11FD46" box="[876,985,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 13" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[201,1400,183,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[194,1404,153,1909]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 13. Morphology of Stenotarsus spp. 3) Head; 4) Mandible dorsal; 5) Mandible ventral; 6) Maxilla; 7) Labium; 8) Labial palp; 9) Hind wing; 10) Male abdominal segment IX ventral; 11) Basal fovea of pronotum; 12) Surface of elytron; 13) Metatarsus. 3 – 7, 9 – 13. S. latipes. 8. S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum transverse, punctate, covered densely with short setae. Prementum transverse, sclerotized, densely and coarsely punctate, setose; ligula distinctly lobed laterally and antero-medially. Tentorium with anterior arms fused medially, and widely divergent anteriorly; corpotentorium linear, without median process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03050FFA30BD3FD32FC9EFC2E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Prothorax. Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30AD2FD32FD9AFCD6" box="[454,594,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 79 – 89. 79 – 83" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1554,1577]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[151,1436,193,1533]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 79 – 89. 79 – 83. Pronotum of Stenotarsus spp. 84 – 89. Intercoxal process of male metaventrite of Stenotarsus spp. 79) S. marginalis; 80) S. mexicanus; 81) S. oblongulus; 82) S. o valis; 83) S. spiropenis; 84) S. incisus; 85) S. monterrosoi; 86) S. oblongulus; 87) S. ovalis; 88) S. rubrocinctus; 89) S. shockleyi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283711/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 79–83</figureCitation>
|
||
; 90–114) widest at base, comparatively transverse; front and hind angles right-angled to moderately acute; anterior margin narrow; lateral margins narrow to distinctly broad, varying from flat to raised; disc weakly to moderately convex; longitudinal sulci short, rarely reaching half of pronotal length, with a deep pore of variable shape and size at base of each sulcus; basal sulcus varies from distinct to hardly visible and occasionally absent entirely. Prosternal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA309E4FC42FC5CFC66" box="[752,916,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 126 – 143" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,211,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 126 – 143. Thoracic structures of Stenotarsus spp. 126 – 133. Prosternal process. 134 – 136. Scutellum. 137 – 138. Mesoventrite. 139 – 140. Metepisternum. 141 – 143. Anterolateral part of metaventrite. 126) S. cortesi; 127) S. globosus, S. rubrocinctus; 128) S. meosamericanus; 129) S. oblongulus; 130) S. ovalis; 131) S. shockleyi; 132) S. spiropenis; 133) S. thoracicus; 134) S. globosus; 135) S. ovalis; 136) S. spiropenis; 137) S. nigricans; 138) S. spiropenis; 139) S. ovalis; 140) S. spiropenis; 141) S. marginalis; 142) S. nigricans; 143) S. spiropenis. PC. Procoxal cavity. PR. Procoxal rest. SP. Setose pore. MC. Mesocoxal cavity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 126–133</figureCitation>
|
||
) comparatively broad, flat, with apex weakly rounded, subtruncate or truncate; extending posteriorly beyond procoxae. Procoxae circular in outline, procoxal cavity externally open, internally closed; trochantin concealed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03050FFA30BD3FC39FCBFFA7D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Pterothorax. Scutellum small to moderately large, rather transverse, triangular, subpentagonal to semicircular. Mesoventrite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30A2AFBD2FE2DFBF6" box="[318,485,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 126 – 143" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,211,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 126 – 143. Thoracic structures of Stenotarsus spp. 126 – 133. Prosternal process. 134 – 136. Scutellum. 137 – 138. Mesoventrite. 139 – 140. Metepisternum. 141 – 143. Anterolateral part of metaventrite. 126) S. cortesi; 127) S. globosus, S. rubrocinctus; 128) S. meosamericanus; 129) S. oblongulus; 130) S. ovalis; 131) S. shockleyi; 132) S. spiropenis; 133) S. thoracicus; 134) S. globosus; 135) S. ovalis; 136) S. spiropenis; 137) S. nigricans; 138) S. spiropenis; 139) S. ovalis; 140) S. spiropenis; 141) S. marginalis; 142) S. nigricans; 143) S. spiropenis. PC. Procoxal cavity. PR. Procoxal rest. SP. Setose pore. MC. Mesocoxal cavity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 137–138</figureCitation>
|
||
) with an excavation along its anterior margin for reception of apex of prosternal process, bearing a pair of pores anterolaterally; intercoxal process transverse; not extending beyond mesocoxae, sometimes carinate. Mesocoxae circular to slightly oblong in outline, mesocoxal cavity externally open; trochantin exposed. Meso-metaventral junction of straight-line
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F088423050FFA309EEFB46FCE5FB62" box="[762,813,1160,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Elytra short to long oval, sometimes nearly parallel sided, moderately to strongly convex; with fine setiferous punctures and foveolate punctures rather sparse and irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30A1DFB01FE20FB25" box="[265,488,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 115 – 125" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[152,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 115 – 125. Surface of elytron of Stenotarsus spp. 115) S. cortesi; 116) S. exiguus; 117) S. globosus; 118) S. kafkai; 119) S. lemniscatus; 120) S. ovalis; 121) S. militaris; 122) S. raramuri; 123) S. rulfoi; 124) S. shockleyi; 125) S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283714/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 115–122, 124</figureCitation>
|
||
) sometimes arranged into longitudinal striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA308EFFB01FB6EFB25" box="[1019,1190,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 115 – 125" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[152,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 115 – 125. Surface of elytron of Stenotarsus spp. 115) S. cortesi; 116) S. exiguus; 117) S. globosus; 118) S. kafkai; 119) S. lemniscatus; 120) S. ovalis; 121) S. militaris; 122) S. raramuri; 123) S. rulfoi; 124) S. shockleyi; 125) S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283714/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 123, 125</figureCitation>
|
||
); foveolate punctures usually 2–
|
||
<date id="FFF510203050FFA30A04FB3AFED5FACE" box="[272,285,1268,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6</date>
|
||
X larger than the setiferous ones; epipleura moderately broad, narrowing and incomplete apically. Metaventrite transverse, weakly narrowing anteriorly, with one or two setose pores posterior to each mesocoxa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30B8BFAF2FE8DFA96" box="[159,325,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 126 – 143" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,211,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 126 – 143. Thoracic structures of Stenotarsus spp. 126 – 133. Prosternal process. 134 – 136. Scutellum. 137 – 138. Mesoventrite. 139 – 140. Metepisternum. 141 – 143. Anterolateral part of metaventrite. 126) S. cortesi; 127) S. globosus, S. rubrocinctus; 128) S. meosamericanus; 129) S. oblongulus; 130) S. ovalis; 131) S. shockleyi; 132) S. spiropenis; 133) S. thoracicus; 134) S. globosus; 135) S. ovalis; 136) S. spiropenis; 137) S. nigricans; 138) S. spiropenis; 139) S. ovalis; 140) S. spiropenis; 141) S. marginalis; 142) S. nigricans; 143) S. spiropenis. PC. Procoxal cavity. PR. Procoxal rest. SP. Setose pore. MC. Mesocoxal cavity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 141–143</figureCitation>
|
||
); sometimes with a pair of weakly impressed, short longitudinal lines near postero-medial margin; with depressions or excavations near anterior margin in males of some species. Metacoxae transverse, widely separated. Metapleuron with one setose pore on anterior metepisternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA308FDFA4AFB5CFA5E" box="[1001,1172,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 126 – 143" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1797,1820]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,211,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,193,1776]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 126 – 143. Thoracic structures of Stenotarsus spp. 126 – 133. Prosternal process. 134 – 136. Scutellum. 137 – 138. Mesoventrite. 139 – 140. Metepisternum. 141 – 143. Anterolateral part of metaventrite. 126) S. cortesi; 127) S. globosus, S. rubrocinctus; 128) S. meosamericanus; 129) S. oblongulus; 130) S. ovalis; 131) S. shockleyi; 132) S. spiropenis; 133) S. thoracicus; 134) S. globosus; 135) S. ovalis; 136) S. spiropenis; 137) S. nigricans; 138) S. spiropenis; 139) S. ovalis; 140) S. spiropenis; 141) S. marginalis; 142) S. nigricans; 143) S. spiropenis. PC. Procoxal cavity. PR. Procoxal rest. SP. Setose pore. MC. Mesocoxal cavity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 139–140</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metendosternite with rather short stalk and widely separated anterior arms and tendons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03050FFA30BD3FA02FB12F98D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C76703050FFA30BD3FA02FF37FA26" box="[199,255,1484,1508]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30A46FA02FE5FFA26" box="[338,407,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 13" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[201,1400,183,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[194,1404,153,1909]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 13. Morphology of Stenotarsus spp. 3) Head; 4) Mandible dorsal; 5) Mandible ventral; 6) Maxilla; 7) Labium; 8) Labial palp; 9) Hind wing; 10) Male abdominal segment IX ventral; 11) Basal fovea of pronotum; 12) Surface of elytron; 13) Metatarsus. 3 – 7, 9 – 13. S. latipes. 8. S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal anterior vein (AA) fused with cubital anterior (CuA) extending posterolaterally as single vein (AA+CuA) towards the back of medial field, where it merges with cubital anterior 2 (CuA 2); media posterior (MP 1+2) long, sclerotized, connected with partially reduced radius posterior (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C76703050FFA30F6BF9DAFB6EF9EE" box="[1151,1190,1556,1580]" name="Poland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
). MP-CuA cross vein incomplete near MP; medial bridge present; medial fleck indistinctly divided; radial cell reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03050FFA30BD3F993FE15F8AD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30A04F992FE7EF9B6" box="[272,438,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 144 – 157" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1869,1892]" captionTargetBox="[167,1416,202,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[151,1436,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 144 – 157. Structure of hind legs of Stenotarsus spp. 144 – 149 Hind leg. 150 – 153. Base of male metafemur. 154 – 157. Metatarsus. 144) S. exiguus; 145) S. globosus; 146) S. latipes; 147) S. nigricans; 148) S. spiropenis; 149) S. ovalis; 150) S. globosus; 151) S. raramuri; 152) S. rubrocinctus; 153) S. shockleyi; 154) S. globosus; 155) S. incisus; 156) S. spiropenis; 157) S. oblongulus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283716/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 144–149</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30AD1F992FDE3F9B6" box="[453,555,1628,1652]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 158 – 173" captionStart-1="FIGURES 174 – 185. 174 – 183" captionStartId-0="68.[151,264,1596,1619]" captionStartId-1="69.[151,264,1203,1226]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1427,209,1571]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1418,204,1175]" captionTargetId-0="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1575]" captionTargetId-1="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1182]" captionTargetPageId-0="68" captionTargetPageId-1="69" captionText-0="FIGURES 158 – 173. Hind legs of male Stenotarsus spp. 158) S. cortesi; 159) S. exiguus; 160) S. globosus; 161) S. guatemalae; 162) S. incisus; 163) S. kafkai; 164) S. latipes; 165) S. lemniscatus; 166) S. marginalis; 167) S. mesoamericanus; 168) S. mexicanus; 169) S. militaris; 170) S. molgorae; 171) S. monterrosoi; 172) S. nigricans; 173) S. oblongulus." captionText-1="FIGURES 174 – 185. 174 – 183. Hind legs of male Stenotarsus spp. 184 – 185. Hind legs of female Stenotarsus spp. 174) S. ovalis; 175) S. parallelicornis; 176) S. raramuri; 177) S. rubrocinctus; 178) S. rulfoi; 179) S. sallaei; 180) S. shockleyi; 181) S. smithi; 182) S. spiropenis; 183) S. thoracicus; 184) S. exiguus; 185) S. globosus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283717/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283718/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">158–185</figureCitation>
|
||
): trochantero-femoral attachment oblique. Trochanters simple or armed with small acute tooth. Femur widest near midlength in most, but widest distally in some species, subequal or less than
|
||
<date id="FFF510203050FFA30B83F96AFF71F97E" box="[151,185,1700,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2X</date>
|
||
as wide as tibia, and as long or slightly longer than tibia, especially in males; unarmed or with a basal tooth on medial margin in males of some species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA3097AF909FCDDF91D" box="[622,789,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 144 – 157" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1869,1892]" captionTargetBox="[167,1416,202,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[151,1436,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 144 – 157. Structure of hind legs of Stenotarsus spp. 144 – 149 Hind leg. 150 – 153. Base of male metafemur. 154 – 157. Metatarsus. 144) S. exiguus; 145) S. globosus; 146) S. latipes; 147) S. nigricans; 148) S. spiropenis; 149) S. ovalis; 150) S. globosus; 151) S. raramuri; 152) S. rubrocinctus; 153) S. shockleyi; 154) S. globosus; 155) S. incisus; 156) S. spiropenis; 157) S. oblongulus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283716/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 150–153</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tibia rather slender, gradually widening distally, nearly linear or slightly curved, rarely sinuate; with row of tubercles on medial margin in males of some species; lacking apical spurs. Tarsal formula 4-4-
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B053050FFA3091FF8C1FDF1F8E5" box="[523,569,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
both sexes and tarsi pseudotrimerous; first and second tarsomeres flattened and ventrally lobed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30A92F8FAFE2FF88E" box="[390,487,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 13" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[201,1400,183,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[194,1404,153,1909]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 13. Morphology of Stenotarsus spp. 3) Head; 4) Mandible dorsal; 5) Mandible ventral; 6) Maxilla; 7) Labium; 8) Labial palp; 9) Hind wing; 10) Male abdominal segment IX ventral; 11) Basal fovea of pronotum; 12) Surface of elytron; 13) Metatarsus. 3 – 7, 9 – 13. S. latipes. 8. S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283704/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
; 154–157); tarsomere 3 minute, six times shorter than tarsomere 4. Claws simple. Empodium distinct, bisetose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03050FFA30BD3F8B2FEBEF81E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Abdomen with six freely articulated ventrites; ventrite I as long as following three combined, with conical protuberance in males of some species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA3094FF86EFD77F87A" box="[603,703,1952,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 195" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1374,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1353]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 195. Abdmonal structures of Stenotarsus spp. 186. Lateral view of abdomen of male S. sallaei. 187 – 191. Abdomen of female Stenotarsus spp. 192 – 195. Tergite VIII of female Stenotarsus spp. 187) S. globosus; 188) S. incisus; 189) S. militaris; 190) S. monterrosoi; 191) S. nigricans; 192) S. lemniscatus; 193) S. monterrosoi; 194) S. militaris; 195) S. nigricans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283719/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventrites III–IV subequal in length; ventrite V 1–
|
||
<date id="FFF510203050FFA30FEAF86EFAC4F87A" box="[1278,1292,1952,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</date>
|
||
X as long as IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653050FFA30BD0F80AFEA1F81E" box="[196,361,1988,2012]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 195" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1374,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1353]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 195. Abdmonal structures of Stenotarsus spp. 186. Lateral view of abdomen of male S. sallaei. 187 – 191. Abdomen of female Stenotarsus spp. 192 – 195. Tergite VIII of female Stenotarsus spp. 187) S. globosus; 188) S. incisus; 189) S. militaris; 190) S. monterrosoi; 191) S. nigricans; 192) S. lemniscatus; 193) S. monterrosoi; 194) S. militaris; 195) S. nigricans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283719/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 187–191</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FF59FAF0FF35" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Aedeagus slender to stout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653051FFA20913FF59FD79FF6D" box="[519,689,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 196 – 199" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1011,1034]" captionTargetBox="[182,1398,228,980]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[172,1414,193,990]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 196 – 199. Aedeagus of Stenotarsus spp. 196) S. globosus, S. raramuri, S. rubrocinctus, S. shockleyi; 197) S. militaris; 198) S. oblongulus; 199) S. spiropenis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283720/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 196–199</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653051FFA20878FF59FBDEFF6D" box="[876,1046,151,175]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 200 – 223" captionStart-1="FIGURES 224 – 243" captionStartId-0="72.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionStartId-1="73.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1434,179,1906]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1427,197,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure@72.[151,1436,173,1912]" captionTargetId-1="figure@73.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="72" captionTargetPageId-1="73" captionText-0="FIGURES 200 – 223. Lateral and ventral view of median lobe of edeagus of Stenotarsus spp. 200 – 201) S. cortesi; 202 – 203) S. exiguus; 204 – 205) S. globosus, S. raramuri, S. rubrocinctus, S. shockleyi; 206 – 207) S. guatemalae; 208 – 209) S. incisus; 210 – 211) S. kafkai, S. mexicanus; 212 – 213) S. latipes; 214 – 215) S. lemniscatus; 216 – 217) S. marginalis; 218 – 219) S. mesoamericanus; 220 – 221) S. militaris; 222 – 223) S. molgorae." captionText-1="FIGURES 224 – 243. Lateral and ventral view of median lobe of edeagus of Stenotarsus spp. 224 – 225) S. monterrosoi; 226 – 227) S. nigricans; 228 – 229) S. oblongulus; 230 – 231) S. ovalis; 232 – 233) S. parallelicornis; 234 – 235) S. rulfoi; 236 – 237) S. sallaei; 238 – 239) S. smithi; 240 – 241) S. spiropenis; 242 – 243) S. thoracicus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283721/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283722/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 200–243</figureCitation>
|
||
), comparatively long, sclerotized, curved, sometimes coiled, resting on its side when retracted; with weakly sclerotized gonopore apically. Tegmen reduced; tegminal plate rather short, submembranous; parameres fused; tegminal strut long, membranous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FECAFD70FE45" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653051FFA20AB6FECAFD99FEDE" box="[418,593,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 244 – 256" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1196,1219]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,193,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 244 – 256. Female genitalia structures of Stenotarsus spp. 244) Ovipositor with spermatheca and accessory gland of S. spiropenis, dorsal. 245 – 256. terminal part of ovipositor, dorsal. 245) S. cortesi; 246) S. exiguus; 247) S. globosus, S. raramuri, S. rubrocinctus, S. shockleyi; 248) S. incisus; 249) S. latipes; 250) S. mesoamericanus; 251) S. mexicanus; 252) S. monterrosoi; 253. S. nigricans. 254. S. ovalis. 255. S. sallaei. 256. S. thoracicus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283723/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 244–256</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor weakly sclerotized, with separated, elongate gonocoxites (usually deeply divided basally); with or without terminal styli. Spermatheca moderately large, oval, membranous; sperm duct rather short and slender, attached to duct between spermatheca and accessory gland; accessory gland nearly as large as spermatheca, submembranous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351656B3051FFA20BD3FE5DFCA1FE6E" box="[199,873,403,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FE5DFCA1FE6E" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" box="[199,873,403,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20BD3FE5DFEA8FE6E" bold="true" box="[199,352,403,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351656B3051FFA20BD3FE79FC69FA7D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FE79FE9EFD46" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20BD3FE79FE3AFE12" bold="true" box="[199,498,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis and Comment.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20AEDFE76FDB3FE0D" box="[505,635,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20AEDFE76FDB3FE0D" box="[505,635,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only stenotarsine genus in the Neotropics. It can be distinguished from members of the other six endomychid subfamilies known from the region, by the following combination of characters: tarsi pseudotrimerous (simple, 3- or 4-segmented in members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F2AFE31FB2FFDD5" box="[1086,1255,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anamorphinae">Anamorphinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20FEFFE31FA50FDD5" box="[1275,1432,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupsilobiinae">Eupsilobiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20B83FDEAFEF7FDFE" box="[151,319,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Merophysiinae">Merophysiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20A92FDEAFD8FFDFE" box="[390,583,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pleganophorinae">Pleganophorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), head without occipital file (present in members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20FCAFDEAFA59FDFE" box="[1246,1425,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycoperdininae">Lycoperdininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), pronotum with lateral margins distincly widened and raised (hardly widened and raised in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20FFCFD89FAAEFD9D" box="[1256,1382,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epipocinae">Epipocinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20B83FDA2FE83FD46" box="[151,331,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycoperdininae">Lycoperdininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FD5EFCFCFC2E" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Among the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20AC3FD41FDB8FD65" box="[471,624,655,679]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenotarsinae">Stenotarsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20996FD5EFCCCFD65" box="[642,772,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20996FD5EFCCCFD65" box="[642,772,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F60FD5EFAADFD65" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" box="[1140,1381,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Ectomychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F60FD5EFB34FD6A" box="[1140,1276,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ectomychus</emphasis>
|
||
Gorham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20B83FD7AFEA0FD0E" authority="Gorham" authorityName="Gorham" box="[151,360,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Chondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20B83FD7AFECAFD0E" box="[151,258,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chondria</emphasis>
|
||
Gorham
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Strohecker 1953; Arrow 1920).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA209E4FD7AFCBFFD0E" box="[752,887,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Ectomychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA209E4FD7AFCBFFD0E" box="[752,887,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ectomychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are distributed mainly in Africa, while some are found in the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic regions. They differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F03FD16FB51FD2D" box="[1047,1177,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F03FD16FB51FD2D" box="[1047,1177,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the antennal stalk very slender and short with antennomeres 3–6 each longer than wide but progressively shorter; the club is abruptly wider with articles 9–10 triangularly produced inward.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20879FCEEFC3CFCFA" box="[877,1012,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Ectomychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20879FCEEFC3CFCFA" box="[877,1012,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ectomychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are also usually elongate and parallel sided, with prosternal process comparatively short and truncate apically.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F25FC8AFB55FC9E" box="[1073,1181,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Chondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F25FC8AFB55FC9E" box="[1073,1181,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chondria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, distributed in the Oriental region, are distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20984FCA6FCDAFCBD" box="[656,786,872,895]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20984FCA6FCDAFCBD" box="[656,786,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the second tarsomere not produced or lobed ventrolaterally. Characters proposed to separate these genera from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA208D9FC43FB87FC66" box="[973,1103,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA208D9FC43FB87FC66" box="[973,1103,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highly variable within
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20B83FC7EFED7FC05" box="[151,287,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20B83FC7EFED3FC05" box="[151,283,944,967]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenotarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with intermediate states known (Strohecker 1975, 1978, 1983). Moreover, the morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20B83FC1AFED6FC2E" box="[151,286,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Ectomychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20B83FC1AFED6FC2E" box="[151,286,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ectomychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20A40FC1AFE08FC2E" box="[340,448,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Chondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20A40FC1AFE08FC2E" box="[340,448,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chondria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been thoroughly studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FC39FC01FBBE" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The first attempt to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA208D3FC39FBA7FBCD" box="[967,1135,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Endomychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was that of Tomaszewska (2000) based on adult morphology. Four stenotarsine genera were included in that study:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F90FBD3FAEEFBF6" authority="Reiche" authorityName="Reiche" box="[1156,1318,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Danae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F90FBD3FB07FBF6" box="[1156,1231,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Danae</emphasis>
|
||
Reiche
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20E26FBD3FF2BFB95" authority="Strand" authorityName="Strand" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Perrisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20E26FBD3FA53FBF6" box="[1330,1435,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perrisina</emphasis>
|
||
Strand
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20BE7FB8EFE0DFB95" authority="Gerstaecker" authorityName="Gerstaecker" box="[243,453,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Saula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20BE7FB8EFEFBFB9A" box="[243,307,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Saula</emphasis>
|
||
Gerstaecker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20911FB8EFD4FFB95" box="[517,647,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20911FB8EFD4FFB95" box="[517,647,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the two genera with putatively closest affinities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20B83FBABFED1FBBE" box="[151,281,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20B83FBABFED1FBBE" box="[151,281,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20A33FBAAFE66FBBE" box="[295,430,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Ectomychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20A33FBAAFE66FBBE" box="[295,430,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ectomychus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20AF1FBAAFD98FBBE" box="[485,592,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Chondria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20AF1FBAAFD98FBBE" box="[485,592,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chondria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not included in the data set.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FB49FC69FA7D" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Tomaszewska (2000) described the ovipositor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA209E7FB46FCBDFB5D" box="[755,885,1160,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA209E7FB46FCBDFB5D" box="[755,885,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having terminal styli on the gonocoxites. The present study revealed that the vast majority of species treated here lack the styli in the gonocoxites. Only two of 27 species known from our zone show this character:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA209FCFB1EFC7AFB2A" box="[744,946,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rulfoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA209FCFB1EFC7AFB2A" box="[744,946,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus rulfoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA208FBFB1EFB4AFB2A" box="[1007,1154,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiropenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA208FBFB1EFB4AFB2A" box="[1007,1154,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. spiropenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. nov. These species further distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20919FB3BFD47FACE" box="[525,655,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20919FB3BFD47FACE" box="[525,655,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in this region by widely truncate terminal labial palpomere, pronotum with long and deep longitudinal sulci, elytra with foveolate punctures arranged in longitudinal striae, mesoventrite with carina outlining subtriangular areas and median lobe curved and twisted. The only species from the Neotropics that show a similar combination of characters are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA2087DFAAEFBAFFAB5" authority="Shockley" authorityName="Shockley" box="[873,1127,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrivestis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA2087DFAAEFC31FABA" box="[873,1017,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. nigrivestis</emphasis>
|
||
Shockley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an undescribed species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C76703051FFA20BC3FA4AFE9FFA5E" box="[215,343,1412,1436]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA2080FFA4BFC66FA5E" box="[795,942,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrivestis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA2080FFA4BFC66FA5E" box="[795,942,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. nigrivestis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not studied in the original description (Shockley 2007), so the presence of gonostyli must yet be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C351656B3051FFA20BD3FA05FA54F81E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3FA05FC92F98D" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20BD3FA05FEEFFA26" bold="true" box="[199,295,1483,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Little is known about the habits and habitat of the members of this genus. As with almost all endomychids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20A54FA3EFE0AF9C5" box="[320,450,1520,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20A54FA3EFE0AF9C5" box="[320,450,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
members feed on hyphae and spores of fungi (Shockley
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F6BFA3FFB75F9CA" box="[1151,1213,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009b). Based on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C76703051FFA20A41F9DAFE74F9EE" box="[341,444,1556,1580]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C76703051FFA20AE3F9DBFDE5F9EE" box="[503,557,1557,1580]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, McHugh & Pakaluk (1997) described the larvae of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20FD4F9DBFA8AF9EE" box="[1216,1346,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20FD4F9DBFA8AF9EE" box="[1216,1346,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and gave information about their habitats and host mushrooms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3F993FDB6F88E" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
By far, the most exhaustively studied species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA209E7F993FCBCF9B6" box="[755,884,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA209E7F993FCBCF9B6" box="[755,884,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Stenotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA2088DF993FB93F9B6" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" box="[921,1115,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Stenotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA2088DF993FBC0F9B6" box="[921,1032,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C76703051FFA20FBCF993FACCF9B6" box="[1192,1284,1629,1652]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species forms aggregations of thousands of specimens. One of these aggregations is found year after year on the base of the same palm tree, and remain there, for months during the dry season (Roubik & Skelley 2001). Such congregations of specimens have allowed entomologists to study various aspects of the biology and physiology of this species such as biochemistry, genetics, and allometry (Denlinger 1994; Laurent
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA208F0F923FBE9F8C6" box="[996,1057,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005; Nedved 1996; Nedved & Windsor 1994a, 1994b; Roubik & Skelley 2001; Tanaka 2000; Wolda & Denlinger 1984). However, its complete life cycle and food habits remain unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436E03051FFA20BD3F896FA54F81E" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In our zone, specimens have typically been collected in tropical, temperate and cloud forests. At least five species were found feeding on sporophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA209BAF8B2FCF1F856" box="[686,825,1916,1940]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="family">Russulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
fungi (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA2089BF8B3FC32F856" box="[911,1018,1917,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lactariidae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA2089BF8B3FC32F856" box="[911,1018,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lactarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F20F8B2FB45F856" box="[1076,1165,1916,1940]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F20F8B2FB45F856" box="[1076,1165,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Russula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653051FFA20FBCF8B2FB36F856" box="[1192,1278,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1191]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[151,1436,193,1191]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. Habits of Stenotarsus spp. 50) Pupae of S. cortesi sp. nov. on a dead log; 51) A pair of S. latipes Arrow mating on a dead log with Stereum ostrea fungi; 52) S. latipes and S. molgorae sp. nov. feeding on Lactarius sp.; 53) S. spiropenis sp. nov. feeding on Polyporus tenuicollis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283708/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Others have been collected frequently in rotting logs, colonized by lignicolous fungus like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20F7BF86EFE91F81E" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Sirobasidiaceae" genus="Sirobasidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sanguineum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20F7BF86EFA53F87A" box="[1135,1435,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sirobasidium sanguineum</emphasis>
|
||
(Sirobasidiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D633051FFA20A93F80AFCE5F81E" box="[391,813,1988,2012]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenuiculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF23051FFA20A93F80AFDB0F81E" box="[391,632,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Polyporus tenuiculus</emphasis>
|
||
(Polyporaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A653051FFA20855F80AFC51F81E" box="[833,921,1988,2012]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 53" captionStartId="59.[151,264,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1191]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[151,1436,193,1191]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 53. Habits of Stenotarsus spp. 50) Pupae of S. cortesi sp. nov. on a dead log; 51) A pair of S. latipes Arrow mating on a dead log with Stereum ostrea fungi; 52) S. latipes and S. molgorae sp. nov. feeding on Lactarius sp.; 53) S. spiropenis sp. nov. feeding on Polyporus tenuicollis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283708/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulation and oviposition typically takes
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |