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<mods:title id="58EDA49575612E2C2F5559B80F7B459A">Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3516556B210FFA0F3D0805EFC9DFA91" box="[151,780,1330,1357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F3D0805EFC9DFA91" blockId="59.[151,780,1330,1357]" box="[151,780,1330,1357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="D0BC81B1B210FFA0F3D0805EFC9DFA91" bold="true" box="[151,780,1330,1357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D0805EFC9DFA91" bold="true" box="[151,780,1330,1357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3D0805EFDCDFA91" authority="(Fitch, 1859)" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,604,1330,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusarbos" status="incertae sedis">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D0805EFE26FA90" bold="true" box="[151,439,1330,1357]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres quercusarbos</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F281805EFDC5FA91" author="Fitch, A. M. D." box="[454,596,1330,1356]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="781 - 829" refId="ref55876" refString="Fitch, A. M. D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 829." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57B4B210FFA0F123805EFC9DFA91" box="[612,780,1330,1356]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B210FFA0F3D0801BFBA0FA36" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F3D0801BFBBEFA52" blockId="59.[151,1354,1398,1515]" box="[151,1071,1398,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D0801BFF66FA53" box="[151,247,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3D0801BFF4CFA53" ID-CoL="3YK3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,221,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
q.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3BA801BFE25FA52" authority="Fitch, 1859" authorityName="Fitch" authorityYear="1859" box="[253,436,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbos">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3BA801BFEA6FA52" box="[253,311,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">arbos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F27A801AFE25FA52" author="Fitch, A. M. D." box="[317,436,1398,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="781 - 829" refId="ref55876" refString="Fitch, A. M. D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 829." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F2FA801BFD5FFA53" box="[445,718,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">N. Y. Trans. State Agr. Soc.</emphasis>
18: 809.
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB210FFA0F06B801BFCCFFA52" box="[812,862,1399,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
material: destroyed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F3D080FAFC4AFA11" blockId="59.[151,1354,1398,1515]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3D080FAFDCDFA73" authority="(Fitch) Osten-Sacken, 1865" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[151,604,1429,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbos">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D080FAFEAAFA70" box="[151,315,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres arbos</emphasis>
(Fitch)
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F2CB80F9FDCDFA73" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[396,604,1429,1454]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F12280FAFCD0FA70" box="[613,833,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.</emphasis>
4: 370 [Unjustified emendation for specific name].
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3D080D8FDCAFA11" authority="(Fitch) Weld, 1951" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[151,603,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus-arbos">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D080D8FE03FA11" box="[151,402,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres quercus-arbos</emphasis>
(Fitch)
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F2A380DFFDCAFA11" author="Weld, L. H." box="[484,603,1459,1484]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref59040" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. &amp; Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington D. C., pp. 594 - 654." type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F12380D9FC1EFA11" box="[612,911,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB210FFA0F12380D9FD06FA16" box="[612,663,1460,1484]" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">U. S.</collectingCountry>
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
</emphasis>
2: 614.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F3D080BFFBA0FA36" blockId="59.[151,1354,1398,1515]" box="[151,1073,1490,1515]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3D080BFFC84FA36" authority="(Fitch) Burks in Krombein et al. 1979" authorityName="Burks in Krombein" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[151,789,1490,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusarbos">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D080BFFE1BFA36" box="[151,394,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres quercusarbos</emphasis>
(Fitch) Burks in Krombein
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F1E180BFFD48FA36" box="[678,729,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
1979
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F05980BFFC7BFA37" box="[798,1002,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Smithson. Ins. Press</emphasis>
: 1065.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B210FFA0F3D08374FC05F9EE" box="[151,916,1560,1587]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F3D08374FC05F9EE" blockId="59.[151,1437,1560,1911]" box="[151,916,1560,1587]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D08374FEA0F9EE" bold="true" box="[151,305,1560,1587]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35C764DB210FFA0F2708375FEE2F9EE" box="[311,371,1561,1587]" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USA</collectingCountry>
. State of
<collectingRegion id="498FF83FB210FFA0F29C8375FDDCF9EE" box="[475,589,1561,1587]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">New York</collectingRegion>
(according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F1A88375FC01F9EE" author="Burks, B. D." box="[751,912,1561,1587]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1045 - 1107" refId="ref55625" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book chapter" year="1979">Burks (1979))</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B210FFA0F3808350FEB3F9A6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F3808350FEB3F9A6" blockId="59.[151,1437,1560,1911]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3808350FEB6F98A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1596,1623]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Biology.</emphasis>
Reared from galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F15D8351FC74F98A" authority="(Osten-Sacken, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Osten-Sacken" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[538,997,1596,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavula">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F15D8351FD7BF98A" box="[538,746,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Callirhytis clavula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F1BF8351FC4DF98A" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[760,988,1596,1623]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F7498351FBF3F98A" box="[1038,1122,1597,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F7498351FBF3F98A" box="[1038,1122,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Q. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F6468351FE8FF9A6" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 350)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516556B210FFA0F38083E9FDD1F8AA" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF436DDB210FFA0F38083E9FDD1F8AA" blockId="59.[151,1437,1560,1911]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F38083E9FEAAF942" bold="true" box="[199,315,1669,1695]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB210FFA0F23383E9FE35F942" box="[372,420,1669,1695]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
material of this species, which was deposited in USNM, was destroyed (only Fitchs original label remaining without an insect on the pin) according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F01A83C5FBCEF91E" author="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A." box="[861,1119,1705,1731]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="625 - 631" refId="ref56807" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Buss, E. A. (2002) Description of the sexual generation of Callirhytis quercuscornigera and a new inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Entomologist, 85 (4), 625 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2002) 085 [0625: DOTSGO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Melika &amp; Buss (2002)</bibRefCitation>
; like these authors, we only found an empty pin with the original Fitchs
<typeStatus id="54F0887FB210FFA0F1D283A1FD54F93A" box="[661,709,1741,1767]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
label in the USNM collection. Furthermore, Fitchs original description (1859: 809) for
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F2EA839DFDCDF8D6" box="[429,604,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F2EA839DFE6AF8D6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[429,507,1777,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
q.
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F15B839DFDCDF8D6" authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" box="[540,604,1777,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbos">arbos</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is very poor and thus insufficient to distinguish this species from the rest of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F3D08279FE94F8F2" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,261,1813,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F3D08279FE94F8F2" box="[151,261,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and even to establish whether it really belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F0078279FC3FF8F2" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[832,942,1813,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F0078279FC3FF8F2" box="[832,942,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F0FB8279FB72F8F2" author="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von" box="[956,1251,1812,1839]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="331 - 380" refId="ref57049" refString="Osten-Sacken, C. R. von. (1865) Contributions to the natural history of the Cynipidae of the United States and of their galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4 (3), 331 - 380." type="journal article" year="1865">Osten-Sacken (1865: 370)</bibRefCitation>
only transferred the species to
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F2718255FE35F88E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[310,420,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F2718255FE35F88E" box="[310,420,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, saying nothing about its morphology. Hence, we here propose to place
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D5EB210FFA0F7968255FEEAF8AA" authority="(Fitch, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Fitch" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusarbos">
<emphasis id="B93FEACFB210FFA0F7968255FF73F8AA" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ceroptres quercusarbos</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B2CB210FFA0F3B68231FEE2F8AA" author="Fitch, A. M. D." box="[241,371,1884,1911]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="781 - 829" refId="ref55876" refString="Fitch, A. M. D. (1859) Fifth report on the noxious and other insects of the state of New York. Insects infesting deciduous forest trees. Annual Reports of the New York State Agricultural Society, 18, 781 - 829." type="journal article" year="1859">Fitch, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as incertae sedis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>