162 lines
20 KiB
XML
162 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="6B7E83819F1E39DDB904AB146A36FD5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="2633" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22e66303-82d5-4c5d-b688-a4d511f551de" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5840523" ID-ZooBank="964647F3-9828-4E34-A495-67E03BAFC2EF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641986864005" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wu, Meng Yue, Schodde, Richard & Rheindt, Frank E." docDate="2022" docId="03E287AEFFA4FFBA86B269B4FEC7FBFD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5091.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5091 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cacomantis virescens" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFDBFFD6FFBDFFA386256826FF8EFFA4" masterDocTitle="Integrating voice and phenotype in a revision of the brush cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus (Aves: Cuculidae) complex" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="69" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1699301481879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7ACD8D92B53D786DA5691B17754D259D">Integrating voice and phenotype in a revision of the brush cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus (Aves: Cuculidae) complex</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6F4BBB092C0839C98E8E4314EF31D7C">Wu, Meng Yue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A0EC4E868B680FD135EED38D9C5D6936" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8562-7667</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FC3F47CECFE72AE904BF4E2351F277A">National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore. & dbswmy @ nus. edu. sg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8562 - 7667</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B58B37CCEABD5FF5244BC5C0E95439F" type="email">dbswmy@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="860FD9A444018C787784A2AD0EC80FC6">Schodde, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="90BFA4EC99CD21402680F866C567E701" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8255-4773</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="93E4C1D3E05259C899D3C976B83E426E">Australian National Wildlife Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. rschodde @ grapevine. com. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8255 - 4773</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B7F2B8A5D3C84DFEB0B801DE4EF5440" type="email">rschodde@grapevine.com.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B8099C2576B1B23E825AD95D0C41D330">Rheindt, Frank E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A0DD943E1EB92BC5152B3E0B0043078">National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore. & dbsrfe @ nus. edu. sg; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8946 - 7085</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B866437ADC3E61C3BBA366AB70D4B1C9" type="email">dbsrfe@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8D18D05934F0D37A2C92B9D5D9AD8210">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A5073EE9BB728BE61C0F11B4D5450630">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D374234EE45BDE852CF4C19D5C2B8DC2">2022-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="27225E83B495560018077DA5D8A2437E">5091</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A2EA68DD9E969EDB6056036107284D29" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287AEFFA4FFBA86B269B4FEC7FBFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840619" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192044160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5840619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287AEFFA4FFBA86B269B4FEC7FBFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287AEFFA4FFBA86B269B4FEC7FBFD" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="C3516533FFA4FFBA86B269B4FCBAFE51" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436B8FFA4FFBA86B269B4FD5EFE08" blockId="25.[151,720,402,429]" box="[151,720,402,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">
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<heading id="D0BC81D4FFA4FFBA86B269B4FD5EFE08" bold="true" box="[151,720,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA86B269B4FD5EFE08" bold="true" box="[151,720,402,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">
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4.2
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA86E669B5FD5EFE08" authority="(Bruggemann, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Bruggemann" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[195,720,402,429]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virescens">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA86E669B5FE47FE09" bold="true" box="[195,457,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Cacomantis virescens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA87FF69B5FD49FE08" author="Bruggemann, F." box="[474,711,402,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref23201" refString="Bruggemann, F. (1876) Beitrage zur Ornithologie von Celebes und Sangir. Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="1876">Brüggemann, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436B8FFA4FFBA86B269FDFCBAFE51" blockId="25.[151,1437,475,1113]" box="[151,820,475,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA86B269FDFF62FE51" bold="true" box="[151,236,475,501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Range:</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="498FF85AFFA4FFBA86D169FDFED2FE51" box="[244,348,475,501]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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, its satellite islands and Sula Archipelago.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516533FFA4FFBA86E269D8FEC7FBFD" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF436B8FFA4FFBA86E269D8FDFFFCF9" blockId="25.[151,1437,475,1113]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA86E269D8FECAFDBC" bold="true" box="[199,324,510,536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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main song of
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD31FFA4FFBA87C469D9FDCDFDBD" box="[481,579,511,537]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
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, elements short and uniquely ‘˄’-shaped (
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<figureCitation id="13702A3DFFA4FFBA823069D9FBD7FDBD" box="[1045,1113,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[388,1205,925,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-251@11.[378,1210,921,1673]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. The seven element shapes found in the Cacomantis variolosus complex. Taxon names given represent the following geographic song types (see Results): sepulcralis—Sundaland and Philippines, virescens—Sulawesi and Sula, aeruginosus—resident Moluccas, variolosus—Australasia, blandus—Admiralty Islands, addendus—Solomon Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5840531/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), and delivered faster than in other differentiates except for Philippine
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA844F6A05FD6BFD99" baseAuthorityName="S. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[618,741,547,573]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sepulcralis">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA844F6A05FD6BFD99" box="[618,741,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">sepulcralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; basic morph of Wallacean morphotype (see 3.2.2(2) above), but darker with mid copper-green dorsal sheen and deep brownish rufous ventral surface, and much reduced white toothing on outer rectrices; body small and tail proportionally very long: wing c.
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<quantity id="4CB39B5DFFA4FFBA823F6A4DFB21FD21" box="[1050,1199,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="112.0" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="108.0">108–116 mm</quantity>
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, tail/wing ratio 1.10– 1.24 (
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<tableCitation id="C6C90303FFA4FFBA86F36AA9FEA3FD0D" box="[214,301,655,681]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,466,493]" captionTargetBox="[165,2020,579,1643]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements and proportions of regional forms and populations of the Cacomantis variolosus complex. Bracketed measurements are of extreme ranges; those in between cover 75% of variation. Records of numbers of morphs per population are not exhaustive because morphs were not recorded for all museum collections. Abbreviations: M—males, F—females." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF346630FFBEFFA086B269F4FDDDFD91" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" tableUuid="DF346630FFBEFFA086B269F4FDDDFD91">Table 2</tableCitation>
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); barred females with dorsa clearly barred dusky on cinnamon, and ventral white barred clearly black with moderate, if variable, cinnamon wash; juveniles dark in tone and finely marked. In these populations, elements of the main song almost completely lack overlap with other taxa in frequency change from the first to the second portion of the element (when divided into three equal portions;
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<figureCitation id="13702A3DFFA4FFBA85406ADDFC24FCB1" box="[869,938,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[362,1228,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[353,1235,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Boxplots of vocal measurements. Explanation of variables: pacing—elements per second; element duration in seconds; changes in center frequency in Hertz. For further explanation of vocal parameters, see Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5840539/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Furthermore, their short element durations and fast song pace overlap significantly only with Moluccan
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA85636B39FC41FC9C" authorityName="Salvadori" authorityYear="1878" box="[838,975,799,824]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA85636B39FC41FC9C" box="[838,975,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">aeruginosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13702A3DFFA4FFBA85FB6B39FBAAFC9D" box="[990,1060,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[362,1228,192,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[353,1235,181,1924]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Boxplots of vocal measurements. Explanation of variables: pacing—elements per second; element duration in seconds; changes in center frequency in Hertz. For further explanation of vocal parameters, see Methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5840539/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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); as detailed under 4.3 below, the latter has additional, unique vocalizations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436B8FFA4FFBA86E26B41FEC7FBFD" blockId="25.[151,1437,475,1113]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">
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Since
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA87296B41FE6FFC25" author="Stresemann, E." box="[268,481,871,897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" pagination="311 - 351" refId="ref27687" refString="Stresemann, E. (1912). Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. Novitates Zoologicae, 19, 311 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1551" type="journal article" year="1912">Stresemann (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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, this form has been treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA85F86B41FBD6FC25" baseAuthorityName="S. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[989,1112,871,897]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sepulcralis">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA85F86B41FBD6FC25" box="[989,1112,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">sepulcralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or associated with it because of its rich dark rufous plumage over the entire ventral surface.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA857B6BADFBBDFC02" author="Eaton, J. A. & van Balen, S. & Brickle, N. W. & Rheindt, F. E." box="[862,1075,907,934]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" refId="ref24161" refString="Eaton, J. A., van Balen, S., Brickle, N. W. & Rheindt, F. E. (2016) Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 68 pp." type="book" year="2016">
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||
Eaton
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA85826BADFC6FFC01" box="[935,993,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
were the first modern source to distinguish it as a species, based on then-unpublished vocal data. Sympatry reported in
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<collectingRegion id="498FF85AFFA4FFBA82406B89FB44FC6D" box="[1125,1226,943,969]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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between
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA83106B89FA12FC6C" baseAuthorityName="Bruggemann" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[1333,1436,943,968]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virescens">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA83106B89FA12FC6C" box="[1333,1436,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">virescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA86E26BF5FECCFC49" baseAuthorityName="S. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[199,322,979,1005]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sepulcralis">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA86E26BF5FECCFC49" box="[199,322,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">sepulcralis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA87496BF5FDF5FC49" author="Inskipp, T. & Lindsey, N. & Duckworth, W." box="[364,635,979,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" refId="ref25258" refString="Inskipp, T., Lindsey, N. & Duckworth, W. (1996) An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region. Oriental Bird Club, Sandy, Bedfordshire, 10 + 294 pp." type="book" year="1996">
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||
Inskipp
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA87E26BF5FE76FC49" box="[455,504,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1996: 47)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
was not confirmed in the moderately extensive series available to us (n =
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<specimenCount id="9D4DFD31FFA4FFBA86886BD1FE99FBB6" box="[173,279,1015,1042]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" type="adult">47 adults</specimenCount>
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). The ecology of these two taxa appears to differ,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA851D6BD1FC11FBB4" baseAuthorityName="Bruggemann" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[824,927,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virescens">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA851D6BD1FC11FBB4" box="[824,927,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">virescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurring mainly within primary or tall forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA86BA6C3DFECAFB91" author="Heinrich, G." box="[159,324,1051,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" refId="ref24908" refString="Heinrich, G. (1932) Der Vogel Schnarch. Zwei Jahre Rallenfang und Urwaldforschung in Celebes. D. Reimer, Berlin, 196 pp." type="book" year="1932">Heinrich 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA876A6C3DFDFAFB91" author="White, C. M. N. & Bruce, M. D." box="[335,628,1051,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" refId="ref27987" refString="White, C. M. N. & Bruce, M. D. (1986) The Birds of Wallacea (Sulawesi, the Moluccas & Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia), An Annotated Check-list. British Ornithologists' Union, London, 524 pp." type="book" year="1986">White & Bruce 1986: 234</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B49FFA4FFBA845A6C3DFCB1FB92" author="Eaton, J. A. & van Balen, S. & Brickle, N. W. & Rheindt, F. E." box="[639,831,1051,1078]" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" refId="ref24161" refString="Eaton, J. A., van Balen, S., Brickle, N. W. & Rheindt, F. E. (2016) Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 68 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Eaton
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA84E26C3DFD71FB91" box="[711,767,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D3BFFA4FFBA85586C3DFC76FB91" baseAuthorityName="S. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[893,1016,1051,1077]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" genus="Cacomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sepulcralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAAAFFA4FFBA85586C3DFC76FB91" box="[893,1016,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="94">sepulcralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in more open habitat, forest edge and wooded copses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |