498 lines
67 KiB
XML
498 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="D35B3DD990F3862DD1F36E51414A039C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208048" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9faae3de-20f0-4b07-b6e5-b317c34abccc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208048" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460328064520" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lindner, Alberto, Govindarajan, Annette F. & Migotto, Alvaro E." docDate="2011" docId="03E287ACFFFFFF911AF8F862EB69A3F5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02980p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2980" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Clytia elsaeoswaldae Stechow 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFDBFFD4FFFCFF961A6FFFB0EA02A05C" masterDocTitle="Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698258130183" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8F12611A0F80F55C1DC4C51A7B37C3E2">Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AF0D7FCB760EC411594ACEB19695265">Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F290A1FD0CC9DCF2F67CD9C7F0461CD5">Govindarajan, Annette F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="13CAB670498097C1DCE26EFD77766B61">Migotto, Alvaro E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8720BB8D7CE1F8AA6F02F536D5971DED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6AED4E3031BD83EA99A525B64A70FE32">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="78B6833B5728E355C436A5AC540A748C">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="68DC48B148D2C7F8EFD3B125BDC619ED">2980</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2C19EB8FFB67D2582413BDBBD672B46C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.208048</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287ACFFFFFF911AF8F862EB69A3F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5693724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119404100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5693724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287ACFFFFFF911AF8F862EB69A3F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287ACFFFFFF911AF8F862EB69A3F5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C3516531FFFFFF921AF8F862EBA4A0F3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFFFF951AF8F862E845A7B0" blockId="3.[151,583,1967,2028]" box="[151,583,2002,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0BC81D6FFFFFF951AF8F862E845A7B0" bold="true" box="[151,583,2002,2028]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFFFF951AF8F862E845A7B0" ID-CoL="5ZFQ2" authority="Stechow, 1914" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,583,2002,2028]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFFFF951AF8F862E845A7B0" bold="true" box="[151,583,2002,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFFFF951AF8F862EB93A7B0" bold="true" box="[151,401,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFFFFF951BF7F862E845A7B0" author="Stechow" box="[408,583,2002,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" refString="Stechow, E. (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 45, 120 - 136." type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AF8FF27EBA4A0F3" blockId="4.[151,422,151,175]" box="[151,422,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921AF1FF27EB0BA0F3" box="[158,265,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921B42FF27EB3FA0F3" box="[301,317,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1510,1533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,877,1489]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Mature medusa, 17 days old, with 16 tentacles; (B) Gonad, marginal bulb with tentacle, circular canal and velum (notice margin of velum at the level of gonad); (C) Detail of marginal bulb and A-type microbasic mastigophore nematocysts at the level of the circular canal (arrows). (A – C: MZUSP 946). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 200 Μm; C, 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">3</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFF8FF921B25FF27EB9FA0F3" box="[330,413,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements {Mean ± SD [range] (N)} of colonies of C. elsaeoswaldae, in Μm. (N = 10 unless otherwise mentioned)." pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3516531FFF8FF921AF8FF50E839A16F" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AF8FF50E839A16F" blockId="4.[151,597,224,307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B1194FFF8FF921AF8FF50E839A16F" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AF8FF50EB80A0AA" box="[151,386,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921AF8FF50EAD7A0AA" ID-CoL="7NT6M" box="[151,213,224,246]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Clytia</taxonomicName>
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elseae-oswaldae
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10ABFFF8FF921BE6FF50E849A0AA" author="Stechow" box="[393,587,224,246]" page="125" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFF8FF921BE6FF50E822A0AA" author="Stechow" box="[393,544,224,246]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Stechow, E. (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 45, 120 - 136." type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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:125
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</treatmentCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921AF8FF4FE82FA148" ID-CoL="5ZFB2" authority="Migotto, 1996:82" authorityName="Migotto" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,557,254,277]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AF8FF4FEB72A149" box="[151,368,255,277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Clytia hemisphaerica</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10ABFFF8FF921B12FF4EE82FA148" author="Migotto" box="[381,557,254,276]" page="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFF8FF921B12FF4EE812A148" author="Migotto" box="[381,528,254,276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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:82
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–84
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921AF8FEADEB4AA16F" ID-CoL="5ZFPZ" box="[151,328,285,307]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AF8FEADEAD7A16F" box="[151,213,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Clytia</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921A94FEADEB4AA16F" box="[251,328,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA10ABFFF8FF921BE3FEADE839A16F" author="Lindner" box="[396,571,285,307]" page="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFF8FF921BE3FEADE81CA16F" author="Lindner" box="[396,542,285,307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Lindner, A. (2000) Redescricao e ciclo de vida de Clytia gracilis e Clytia linearis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae). M. S. thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 82 pp." type="book" year="2000">Lindner, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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:46
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3516531FFF8FF921AF8FEEFEB96A430" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AF8FEEFEE9AA1B8" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AF8FEEFEBFDA124" bold="true" box="[151,511,351,376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="54F08818FFF8FF921BFBFEEFEBFDA124" box="[404,511,351,376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: colony with gonangia, on alga. (Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921F79FEEFEF4AA12B" box="[1302,1352,351,375]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921F3AFEEFEAEAA1C0" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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) [Zoologische Staatssamlung, München, microslides
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<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF92192BFE34E9B6A1C0" box="[836,948,388,412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1517-04-20">20041517</date>
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(part of colony with six hydranths and one gonangium),
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<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921B42FE17EB9FA1E3" box="[301,413,423,447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1518-04-20">20041518</date>
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(part of colony with nine hydranths and six gonangia) and
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<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921E2EFE17EEB3A1E3" box="[1089,1201,423,447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1519-04-20">20041519</date>
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(part of colony with 39 hydranths and ~25 gonangia)]. Collected by E. Stechow and E. Oswald,
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<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF92198AFE7CEE91A1B8" box="[997,1171,460,484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1912-03-18">18 March 1912</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AAAFE5FEB96A430" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AAAFE5FEBBDA254" bold="true" box="[197,447,495,520]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Additional material.</emphasis>
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(1) Colony with gonangia on posts of a pier, growing on sponges and barnacles (
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921AF1FDA4EAFCA270" box="[158,254,532,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">TEBAR</collectionCode>
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, São Sebastião, SP,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921B84FDA4E831A270" box="[491,563,532,556]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F507DFFF8FF9218BBFDA4E955A270" box="[724,855,532,556]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" precision="9" value="-23.7995">23°47.97’S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F507DFFF8FF92190AFDA4E9F3A270" box="[869,1009,532,556]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" precision="9" value="-45.383">45°22.98’W</geoCoordinate>
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; water depth:
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<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF921EF7FDA4EEF0A270" box="[1176,1266,532,556]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 m</quantity>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921F65FDA4EF6EA270" box="[1290,1388,532,556]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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962, 963]; collected by A. Lindner and A.E. Migotto,
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<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF9218BDFD87E995A213" box="[722,919,567,591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1999-10-22">22 October 1999</date>
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. (2) Colony with gonangia on iron structure, growing on sponge,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921B10FDEDEBD4A228" box="[383,470,605,628]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hypneaceae" genus="Hypnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921B10FDEDEBD4A228" box="[383,470,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Hypnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921859FDECE9C7A228" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[566,965,604,628]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921859FDECE929A228" box="[566,811,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFF8FF92195CFDECE9C7A228" author="Clarke" box="[819,965,604,628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3 (4), 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hydrozoa: Eudendridae) (Saco do Sombrio, Ilhabela, SP,
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<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921B08FDCFEBADA2CB" box="[359,431,639,663]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; coordinates:
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7F507DFFF8FF921823FDCFE8CDA2CB" box="[588,719,639,663]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" precision="9" value="-23.896166">23°53.77’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F507DFFF8FF9218B4FDCFE96AA2CB" box="[731,872,639,663]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" precision="9" value="-45.245667">45°14.74’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
; water depth: ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF921E77FDCFEE47A2CB" box="[1048,1093,639,663]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
) [
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<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921E34FDCFEEBFA2CB" box="[1115,1213,639,663]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
959, 960, 961]; collected by A. Lindner,
|
||
<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921BFFFD14E873A2E0" box="[400,625,676,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1999-09-26">26 September 1999</date>
|
||
. (3) Colony with gonangia growing on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921E5DFD15EEAEA2E0" box="[1074,1196,677,700]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921E5DFD15EEAEA2E0" box="[1074,1196,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and 39 one to 21 days-old medusae liberated from colony and reared in the laboratory (Saco Grande, São Sebastião, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921F60FD77EF55A283" box="[1295,1367,711,735]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; coordinates:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F507DFFF8FF921A96FD5CEB7EA358" box="[249,380,748,772]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" precision="9" value="-23.828667">23°49.72’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F507DFFF8FF921BE5FD5CE827A358" box="[394,549,748,772]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" precision="9" value="-45.425335">045°25.52’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; water depth:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF9218A1FD5CE918A358" box="[718,794,748,772]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
|
||
) [colony:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF9219FAFD5CE9F7A358" box="[917,1013,748,772]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
937, 938, 940, 941,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921E8DFD5CEF37A358" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1250,1333,748,772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1078726; medusae:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921B68FCBFEB65A37B" box="[263,359,783,807]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
939, 942, 943, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958]; colony collected by A. Lindner,
|
||
<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921BFBFC84E866A310" box="[404,612,820,844]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="1999-02-19">19 February 1999</date>
|
||
. (4) Colony with gonangia on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF9219AAFC85EE3DA310" box="[965,1087,821,844]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF9219AAFC85EE3DA310" box="[965,1087,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921E16FC85EED2A310" box="[1145,1232,821,844]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hypneaceae" genus="Hypnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921E16FC85EED2A310" box="[1145,1232,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Hypnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and bryozoan (Praia de Barequeçaba, west shore, São Sebastião, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921898FCE8E93DA32C" box="[759,831,856,880]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; water depth: ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF921985FCE8EE29A32C" box="[1002,1067,856,880]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
|
||
) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921E2FFCE8EEA0A32C" box="[1088,1186,856,880]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
967,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921EB7FCE8EF2FA32C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1240,1325,856,880]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1078725]; collected by L.P. de Andrade, 0
|
||
<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921B9AFCCCE884A3C8" box="[501,646,892,916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="2000-04-05">5 April 2000</date>
|
||
. (5) Colony with gonangia on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF9219B6FCCDEE51A3C8" box="[985,1107,893,916]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF9219B6FCCDEE51A3C8" box="[985,1107,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and ~100 newly liberated medusae (Praia de Barequeçaba, east shore, São Sebastião, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF92190EFC10E9ABA3E4" box="[865,937,928,952]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; water depth: ~1.0 m) [colony:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921F61FC10EF6DA3E4" box="[1294,1391,928,952]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
965,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921AF8FC74EAEAA380" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,964,988]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1078727; medusae:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921BB6FC74E839A380" box="[473,571,964,988]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
966]; colony collected by L.P. de Andrade, 0
|
||
<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921E51FC74EED5A380" box="[1086,1239,964,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="2000-04-04">4 April 2000</date>
|
||
. (6) Colony with gonangia on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921B41FC58EBA5A3A3" box="[302,423,1000,1023]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921B41FC58EBA5A3A3" box="[302,423,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and on dead hydrocaulus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921944FC58EE4FA45C" box="[811,1101,1000,1024]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="latecarinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921944FC58EE4FA45C" box="[811,1101,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Aglaophenia latecarinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hydrozoa:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921E8EFC58EF96A45C" box="[1249,1428,1000,1024]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aglaopheniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Praia do Guaecá, west shore, São Sebastião, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF9218BDFBBCE918A478" box="[722,794,1036,1060]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
; water depth: ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF9219BFFBBCE9FEA478" box="[976,1020,1036,1060]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921E7BFBBCEE7AA478" box="[1044,1144,1036,1060]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
964]; collected by L.P. de Andrade, 0
|
||
<date id="FFF5107AFFF8FF921B78FB80EBD1A414" box="[279,467,1072,1096]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" value="2000-02-01">1 February 2000</date>
|
||
. (7) Colony on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF9218ECFB80E8FFA41B" box="[643,765,1072,1095]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF9218ECFB80E8FFA41B" box="[643,765,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (São Sebastião, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921E62FB80EE51A414" box="[1037,1107,1072,1096]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE7FFFF8FF921E06FB80EEBDA414" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1129,1215,1072,1096]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1078728]; collected by
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFF8FF921AD5FBE4EAD2A430" box="[186,208,1108,1132]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.M.P. de Oliveira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516531FFF8FF921AA8FBC7E98FA5D0" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AA8FBC7EBFDA4E8" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AA8FBC7EB43A4CC" bold="true" box="[199,321,1143,1168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF921B28FBC8E837A4CC" box="[327,565,1144,1168]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921B28FBC8E837A4CC" box="[327,565,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from its congeners and other campanulariids by the combination of the following characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AAAFB0FE9AFA57C" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AAAFB0FEB01A484" bold="true" box="[197,259,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">polyp</emphasis>
|
||
: stems monosiphonic or, less common, polysiphonic, branching dichotomously. Hydrothecal cusps usually inclined to one side. Gonothecae only on hydrorhiza, with smooth, slightly undulated walls. B-type microbasic mastigophores 15–18 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921B9BFAB9E842A57C" box="[500,576,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and 13–16 µm long in formalin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AAAFA9BE98FA5D0" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AAAFA9BEB61A518" bold="true" box="[197,355,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">adult medusa</emphasis>
|
||
: bell
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF921BC6FA9CE836A518" box="[425,564,1324,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.6">3.6–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in marginal diameter, up to 16 tentacles and at least 21 statocysts. A–
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08818FFF8FF921F03FA9CEF9EA518" box="[1388,1436,1324,1348]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
||
microbasic mastigophores, ~11 µm long, forming a row at the level of the circular canal (no character or combination of characters so far observed is diagnostic for young medusae).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516531FFF8FF901AA8FA27E8BDA364" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AA8FA27E96DA638" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921AA8FA27EBBFA5EC" bold="true" box="[199,445,1431,1456]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF921B31FA27EBBFA5EC" box="[350,445,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Hydroid</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies stolonal or with erect stems branching dichotomously up to 4 times (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921F43FA28EF8CA5EC" box="[1324,1422,1432,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Erect stems up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF921B0DFA0CEBBBA588" box="[354,441,1468,1492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. Hydrorhiza frequently growing on pedicels, sometimes forming incipient polysiphonic stems (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921B44FA50EB8EA5A4" box="[299,396,1504,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) or more developed polysiphonic stems up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFF8FF9219C8FA50E9F4A5A4" box="[935,1014,1504,1528]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and bearing up to 60 hydranths. Pedicels usually smooth, slightly curved, with 5–15 proximal and 2–16 distal annuli; median region of pedicels sometimes annulated. Distal end of pedicels bearing one hydrotheca. Internodes with a upward-curved apophysis supporting the next internode or the distal pedicel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF9218BEF9FCE930A638" box="[721,818,1612,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AAAF9C0EE2AA744" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Hydrothecae cylindrical, 368–753 µm long and 255–408 µm wide at margin, with thin perisarc and walls almost parallel in lateral view, except a basal rounded portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921931F924E9C0A6F0" box="[862,962,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecal diaphragm thin, transverse, near base of hydrotheca; basal chamber 16–78 µm long and 78–165 µm wide at diaphragm. Hydrothecal margin with 9–14 cusps (39–86 µm high); cusps usually inclined to right side when hydrotheca is seen in lateral view under microscope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921B02F8B0EBD2A744" box="[365,464,1792,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrotheca width:length ratio: 0.48–0.84 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFF8FF9219ACF8B0EE18A744" box="[963,1050,1792,1816]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements {Mean ± SD [range] (N)} of colonies of C. elsaeoswaldae, in Μm. (N = 10 unless otherwise mentioned)." pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF8FF921AAAF894EBE7A790" blockId="4.[151,1437,351,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Gonothecae smooth, with undulated walls, 630–1019 µm long and 255–463 µm in maximum diameter, with a constriction (216–294 µm in diameter) under the truncated distal margin (205–345 µm in diameter). Gonothecae growing only from hydrorhiza (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921868F8DCE86FA7D8" box="[519,621,1900,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF8FF9218C3F8DDE924A7D8" box="[684,806,1901,1924]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF8FF9218C3F8DDE924A7D8" box="[684,806,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, small “aggregations” of gonothecae common (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF8FF921F3EF8DCEAA4A7F4" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Gonothecal pedicels absent or having up to 4 annulli. Up to six medusae in each gonangium. Gonotheca width:length ratio: 0.38–0.50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF346632FFF9FF931AF8F9B0EBBBA6CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF9FF931AF8F9B0EBBBA6CF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1536,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF931AF8F9B0EB17A649" bold="true" box="[151,277,1536,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF9FF931B72F9B0EBFAA64A" box="[285,504,1536,1558]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF931B72F9B0EBFAA64A" box="[285,504,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF9FF931E5EF990EE9DA669" box="[1073,1183,1568,1589]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF931E5EF990EE9DA669" box="[1073,1183,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF9FF93184DF98EE873A60F" box="[546,625,1598,1619]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hypneaceae" genus="Hypnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF93184DF98EE873A60F" box="[546,625,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Hypnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFF9FF931EABF98EEF30A60F" box="[1220,1330,1598,1619]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF931EABF98EEF30A60F" box="[1220,1330,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (A–C: MZUSP941; D: MZUSP962; E: MZUSP959; F & G: MZUSP967 and USNM1078725; H: MZUSP964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1mm; B–E, G & H, 200 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF9FF931AAAF90DE909A71D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1725,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Hydranth column, on average, 5 times as long as broad when extended [493 ±83 µm (252–600, N=47) long and 103 ±14 µm (72–144, N=47)] wide; hypostome pedunculated, 120–264 µm wide, spherical in oral and lateral views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFF9FF931A84F8B5EB52A741" box="[235,336,1797,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1515]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Branching stem; (B) Terminal pedicel and hydrotheca; (C) Hydrotheca, pedicel, and gonotheca; (D) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (E) Hydrotheca and gonotheca; (F) Colony on Sargassum sp.; (G) Hydranth, pedicel and hydrorhiza, on the rhodophyte Hypnea sp.; (H) Scanning electron micrograph of gonothecae, on Sargassum sp. (A – C: MZUSP 941; D: MZUSP 962; E: MZUSP 959; F & G: MZUSP 967 and USNM 1078725; H: MZUSP 964). Scale Bars: A & F, 1 mm; B – E, G & H, 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208049/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G); 20–34 filiform, amphicoronate tentacles, 420–1080 µm long; rings of A-type nematocysts every 15–20 µm along the tentacles. Coenosarc whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFF9FF901AAAF8FEE9A7A0AB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1725,2038]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
A- and B-type microbasic mastigophores on hydranths and along cenosarc, only A-type on tentacles. A-type microbasic mastigophores 8.1 ±0.6 µm [7.0–9.5, N=46] long and 2.0 ±0.1 µm [2.0–2.5, N=46] wide
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF931E96F8C2EF46A7D5" box="[1273,1348,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and 7.1 ±0.2 µm [6.5–8.0, N=40] long and 2.0 ±0.2 µm [1.5–2.5, N=40] wide in formalin. Discharged capsules 6.8 ±0.4 µm [6.0–7.5, N=36] long and 2.0 ±0.2 µm [1.5–2.5, N=20] wide
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFF9FF9319E9F80BE9D6A78E" box="[902,980,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, with a proximal armature 6.8 ±0.4 µm [6.0–8.0, N=36] long. B-type microbasic mastigophores 16.4 ±0.6 µm [15.0–18.0, N=40] long and 3.8 ±0.3 µm [3.0–4.0, N=40] wide
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901BFDFF29EBDDA0EC" box="[402,479,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and 14.6 ±0.5 µm [13.0–16.0, N=180] long and 3.2 ±0.3 µm [3.0–4.0, N=150] wide in formalin. Discharged capsules 14.4 ±0.5 µm [14.0–15.0, N=17] long and 3.2 ±0.4 µm [3.0–4.5, N=16] wide
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901FE9FF0DEAC4A0A4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, with a proximal armature 18.1 ±1.4 µm [15.0–20.0, N=16] long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFAFF901AAAFEB3E9FCA1A9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AAAFEB3EBDEA140" box="[197,476,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AAAFEB3EBD4A140" bold="true" box="[197,470,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Newly released medusa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Umbrella hemispherical, with ring canal, four perradial canals; four perradial bulbs with tentacles; two to four interradial developing bulbs; D-type nematocysts on the exumbrella; 4–8 adradial statocysts, each with one statolith. Some medusae also liberated with two interradial tentacles developing in opposite quadrants, i.e., with six tentacles (four perradial and the two incipient interradial tentacles). Gonads on median region of radial canals, 31–39 µm wide and 55–78 µm long in newly liberated medusae. Manubrium quadrate, ca. 0.4–0.5 height of bell; lips smooth with A-type nematocysts. Velum broad. Tentacles hollow, with A- and C-type nematocysts and a terminal nematocyst cluster with only C-type nematocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFAFF901AAAFE4FE8BDA364" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AAAFE4FEB6EA244" box="[197,364,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AAAFE4FEB67A244" bold="true" box="[197,357,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Adult medusa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Umbrella saucer-shaped,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFFAFF9018FCFE4FE919A24B" box="[659,795,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.6">3.6–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Bell margin with up to 16 bulbs with tentacles and at least 21 statocysts (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFFAFF901B82FD94E840A260" box="[493,578,548,572]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,235,334,355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,425,899]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. General features of species of Clytia with known life cycles." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF346632FFFDFF971AF8FEFEE96DA13F" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF346632FFFDFF971AF8FEFEE96DA13F">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFFAFF90183FFD94E8B2A260" box="[592,688,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1510,1533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,877,1489]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Mature medusa, 17 days old, with 16 tentacles; (B) Gonad, marginal bulb with tentacle, circular canal and velum (notice margin of velum at the level of gonad); (C) Detail of marginal bulb and A-type microbasic mastigophore nematocysts at the level of the circular canal (arrows). (A – C: MZUSP 946). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 200 Μm; C, 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonads oval when fully developed, on distal 1/3 of radial canals, approximately at the same level of velum margin in oral and aboral views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFFAFF901997FDF7EE58A203" box="[1016,1114,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1510,1533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,877,1489]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Mature medusa, 17 days old, with 16 tentacles; (B) Gonad, marginal bulb with tentacle, circular canal and velum (notice margin of velum at the level of gonad); (C) Detail of marginal bulb and A-type microbasic mastigophore nematocysts at the level of the circular canal (arrows). (A – C: MZUSP 946). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 200 Μm; C, 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Manubrium short, cruciform, with four undulated lips in oral view; lips with A-type nematocysts. Marginal tentacles hollow, long, with Atype and atrichous isorhiza nematocysts. C-type, D-type, and terminal nematocyst cluster absent. A-type nematocysts, larger than those in the tentacles, forming a row at the level of the circular canal, perpendicular to the canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFFAFF901AF1FD67EAFCA2B3" box="[158,254,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1510,1533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,877,1489]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clytia elsaeoswaldae. (A) Mature medusa, 17 days old, with 16 tentacles; (B) Gonad, marginal bulb with tentacle, circular canal and velum (notice margin of velum at the level of gonad); (C) Detail of marginal bulb and A-type microbasic mastigophore nematocysts at the level of the circular canal (arrows). (A – C: MZUSP 946). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 200 Μm; C, 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Length of A-type nematocysts in a 21 day old medusa: on tentacles, 7.9 ±0.3 µm [7.0–8.5, N=20]; on circular canal, 10.7 ±0.5 µm [10.0–11.5, N=20]. Bell transparent; gonads, manubrium, bulbs and tentacles assuming the colour of food. Female medusae not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF346632FFFAFF901AF8FA56EAEFA607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[151,1436,877,1488]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFAFF901AF8FA56EAEFA607" blockId="6.[151,1436,1510,1627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AF8FA56EB10A5A7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1510,1533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF901B76FA56EBF3A5A0" box="[281,497,1510,1532]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901B76FA56EBF3A5A0" box="[281,497,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Mature medusa, 17 days old, with 16 tentacles; (B) Gonad, marginal bulb with tentacle, circular canal and velum (notice margin of velum at the level of gonad); (C) Detail of marginal bulb and A-type microbasic mastigophore nematocysts at the level of the circular canal (arrows). (A–C: MZUSP946). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 200 Μm; C, 100 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516531FFFAFF911AA8F935EB69A3F5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFAFF901AA8F935E931A6B9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1669,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AA8F935EB62A6C2" bold="true" box="[199,352,1669,1694]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from São Sebastião and Ilhabela, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF901914F935E9BDA6C1" box="[891,959,1669,1693]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFFAFF9019BEF935EE72A6C1" author="Migotto" box="[977,1136,1669,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the type-locality, St. Thomas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF901B6FF919EB30A69D" box="[256,306,1705,1729]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF901B55F919EBDBA69D" box="[314,473,1705,1729]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFFAFF901B86F919E88DA69D" author="Stechow" box="[489,655,1705,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="Stechow, E. (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 45, 120 - 136." type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF90192AF91AEE0EA69D" box="[837,1036,1705,1729]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF90192AF91AEE0EA69D" box="[837,1036,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">C. hemisphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF901E2BF91AEEBEA69D" box="[1092,1212,1705,1729]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901E2BF91AEEBEA69D" box="[1092,1212,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other western Atlantic localities may also have been based on the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFAFF901AA8F940EEC4A729" blockId="6.[151,1436,1669,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901AA8F940EB88A755" bold="true" box="[199,394,1776,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF901BFCF941E881A755" box="[403,643,1777,1801]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901BFCF941E881A755" box="[403,643,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the most abundant shallow-water hydroids occurring off the coast of São Sebastião and Ilhabela, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF9018A2F8A5E913A771" box="[717,785,1813,1837]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFFAFF901921F8A5E9E9A771" author="Migotto" box="[846,1003,1813,1837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF901E78F8A6EEDCA771" box="[1047,1246,1813,1837]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901E78F8A6EEDCA771" box="[1047,1246,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">C. hemisphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Some colonies growing on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF901B4FF88AEB98A70D" box="[288,410,1850,1873]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF901B4FF88AEB98A70D" box="[288,410,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Sargassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have several hundred hydranths and gonangia, and a few hours after collecting even small fragments of such colonies were observed to release several hundred medusae in the laboratory.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFAFF911AAAF831E8FEA1DB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1669,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,937]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Only small size differences were observed among colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFAFF9019C7F832EE73A7C5" box="[936,1137,1921,1945]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFAFF9019C7F832EE73A7C5" box="[936,1137,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">C. elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF901F38F831EF99A7C5" box="[1367,1435,1921,1945]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFFAFF901AF1F815EAF5A7E1" box="[158,247,1957,1981]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements {Mean ± SD [range] (N)} of colonies of C. elsaeoswaldae, in Μm. (N = 10 unless otherwise mentioned)." pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), and all fertile colonies had gonangia growing exclusively on the hydrorhiza. Colonies from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF901F43F815EF73A7E1" box="[1324,1393,1957,1981]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
are also similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08818FFFAFF901B17F87AEBD8A7BE" box="[376,474,1994,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF9018EEF879E8B1A7BD" box="[641,691,1993,2017]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFAFF9018D0F879E961A7BD" box="[703,867,1993,2017]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which also have gonothecae exclusively on the hydrorhiza (as noticed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B4BFFFBFF911BACFF27E86AA0F3" author="Stechow" box="[451,616,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Stechow, E. (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 45, 120 - 136." type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:125) but differ in having smaller gonothecae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFFBFF911E16FF27EED1A0F3" box="[1145,1235,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements {Mean ± SD [range] (N)} of colonies of C. elsaeoswaldae, in Μm. (N = 10 unless otherwise mentioned)." pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). This difference, however, is only in size, and the shape of the gonothecae is similar, with a mean width:length ratio of 0.4 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFFBFF911F58FF0CEF8CA088" box="[1335,1422,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements {Mean ± SD [range] (N)} of colonies of C. elsaeoswaldae, in Μm. (N = 10 unless otherwise mentioned)." pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFBFF911BEFFF6FEBC7A0AB" box="[384,453,223,247]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFBFF91184DFF6FE8BDA0AB" box="[546,703,223,247]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
also differ slightly in that the hydrothecal cusps are less tilted and their tips more acute in the latter specimens, but otherwise all specimens are similar in both shape and size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C90301FFFBFF911F33FEB4EAAAA163" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,235,368,389]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements {Mean ± SD [range] (N)} of colonies of C. elsaeoswaldae, in Μm. (N = 10 unless otherwise mentioned)." pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Because of permanent preservation in microslides, cnidome of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08818FFFBFF9119F2FE98E9FDA11C" box="[925,1023,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
could not be determined and DNA sequences could not be obtained, and we regard the specimens from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFBFF911E5DFEFCEE74A138" box="[1074,1142,332,356]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
conspecific to those from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C762AFFFBFF911AAFFEDFEB5FA1DB" box="[192,349,367,391]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the basis of perisarc morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFBFF911AAAFE24EBEFA28D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,937]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Medusae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911B3FFE25E816A1F0" box="[336,532,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911B3FFE25E816A1F0" box="[336,532,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">C. elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are released with small gonads, eight statocysts, and either four or six tentacles. After 2 days of culture at 22–24°C, medusae attained up to 8 tentacles, and after six days additional statocysts started to develop between perradial and adradial marginal bulbs. D-type nematocysts on the exumbrella disappeared during medusa development, as well as C-types in the tentacles. Maximum diameter of the umbrella (i.e.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFFBFF911AF8FD94EAF2A260" box="[151,240,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) was reached after 12 days, and no additional growth was observed until the culture ended 21 days after liberation [maximum diameter of the umbrella, on average:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFFBFF911953FDFAE991A23E" box="[828,915,586,610]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=5) on the 14th day;
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFFBFF911EF2FDFAEEF6A23E" box="[1181,1268,586,610]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=10) on the 16th day;
|
||
<quantity id="4CB39B5FFFFBFF911B6FFDC1EB5AA2D5" box="[256,344,625,649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=10) on the 20th]. New statocysts continue to develop after medusae reached their maximum size: up to 16 and 21 statocysts in 12 and 20 days old medusae, respectively. Maximum number of fully developed tentacles varied from 12 to 16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436BAFFFBFF911AA8FD6DEB69A3F5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,937]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911AA8FD6DEB73A2AA" bold="true" box="[199,369,733,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Phylogenetics.</emphasis>
|
||
The combined maximum likelihood analysis indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911E66FD6DEEF5A2A9" box="[1033,1271,733,757]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911E66FD6DEEF5A2A9" box="[1033,1271,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911F03FD6DEB13A345" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911F03FD6DEB13A345" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Clytia gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species do not form a monophyletic group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFFBFF911952FCB1E9A3A345" box="[829,929,769,793]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[252,1337,268,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[251,1344,265,1523]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Clytia based on 3192 bp of aligned 18 S, calmodulin, 16 S and COI genes using a GTR + Γ + I model of DNA substitution (- ln likelihood: 11207.76084). Asterisks indicate C. gracilis - like specimens. Numbers represent the results of bootstrap pseudoreplicates: 1000 replicates using maximum parsimony (above branches) and 100 replicates with maximum likelihood (below branches), with a ‘ <’ representing bootstrap values less than 50. A monophyletic C. gracilis clade is rejected using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test (p = 0.010)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208051/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similarly, none of the four genes support a monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911B55FC96EBB0A362" box="[314,434,806,830]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911B55FC96EBB0A362" box="[314,434,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade when analyzed individually or in mitochondrial (16S and COI) and nuclear (18S and calmodulin) partitions (results not shown). The phylogenetic results show that the here re-described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911F45FCFAEAF1A3DA" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911F45FCFAEAF1A3DA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">C. elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to a clade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911887FCDEE9ADA3DA" box="[744,943,878,902]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911887FCDEE9ADA3DA" box="[744,943,878,902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">C. hemisphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D39FFFBFF911E76FCDEEE92A3DA" box="[1049,1168,878,902]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAA8FFFBFF911E76FCDEEE92A3DA" box="[1049,1168,878,902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species (species A and B in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A3FFFFBFF911A92FC21EB5CA3F5" box="[253,350,913,937]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1536,1559]" captionTargetBox="[252,1337,268,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[251,1344,265,1523]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Clytia based on 3192 bp of aligned 18 S, calmodulin, 16 S and COI genes using a GTR + Γ + I model of DNA substitution (- ln likelihood: 11207.76084). Asterisks indicate C. gracilis - like specimens. Numbers represent the results of bootstrap pseudoreplicates: 1000 replicates using maximum parsimony (above branches) and 100 replicates with maximum likelihood (below branches), with a ‘ <’ representing bootstrap values less than 50. A monophyletic C. gracilis clade is rejected using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test (p = 0.010)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208051/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |