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<mods:title id="2FC26ACF158646AB770D99FDBF40AF1E">New records of demosponges (Porifera) from the South Orkney Islands (Antarctica) with a checklist for the region</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D687FDC51F824DFF45FB856BA9B81F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10562216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10562216" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687FDC51F824DFF45FB856BA9B81F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687FDC51F824DFF45FB856BA9B81F" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<paragraph id="8BC036EBC51F824DFF45FB856D98BA3A" blockId="20.[151,660,1068,1131]" box="[151,660,1068,1095]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<heading id="D0888187C51F824DFF45FB856D98BA3A" bold="true" box="[151,660,1068,1095]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D68C51F824DFF45FB856D98BA3A" ID-CoL="3JCRM" authority="(Topsent, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,660,1068,1095]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spongiosissima">
<emphasis id="B90BEAF9C51F824DFF45FB856D98BA3A" bold="true" box="[151,660,1068,1095]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="B90BEAF9C51F824DFF45FB856EC2BA3B" bold="true" box="[151,462,1068,1095]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Haliclona spongiosissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B1AC51F824DFE0FFB856D80BA3A" author="Topsent, E." box="[477,652,1068,1094]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref19880" refString="Topsent, E. (1908) Spongiaires. Expedition antarctique francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot, Paris, 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1908">Topsent, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3656560C51F824DFF45FBF86BA9B81F" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC036EBC51F824DFF45FBF86E35BA17" blockId="20.[151,660,1068,1131]" box="[151,313,1105,1131]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
(
<figureCitation id="13442A6EC51F824DFF4DFBF86E3CBA17" box="[159,304,1105,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-54@21.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. af. Haliclona spongiosissima. a. general morphology, scale: 3 cm; b. oxea, scale: 55 µm, c. detail of the oscula and the screened surface in a fresh specimen, scale: 1mm, d. detail of the screened surface in a dried specimen, scale: 1mm, ef. choanosomal skeleton, detail of the spicules arrangements, scale: 200 µm; gi. H. (Gellius) rudis, g. general morphology, scale: 2 cm, h. sigma, scale: 35 µm, i. oxea, scale: 160 µm; jp. H. (G.) cf. cucurbitiformis, j. general morphology, scale: 3 cm, k. oxea, scale: 100 µm, l. sigmas, scale: 30 µm, m. macroscopic view of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 1 mm, n. macroscopic view of the surface and the ectosome, scale: 1 mm, o. microscopic view of the spicule arrangement in the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm, p. detail of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10562210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10562210/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Figure 11af</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036EBC51F824DFF45FB306C40BACF" blockId="20.[151,1436,1177,1635]" box="[151,844,1177,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
Restricted synonymy:
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D68C51F824DFE41FB306C4BBACF" authority="Topsent, 1908" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1908" box="[403,839,1177,1203]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Chalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spongiosissima">
<emphasis id="B90BEAF9C51F824DFE41FB306D93BACF" box="[403,671,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Chalina spongiosissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B1AC51F824DFD74FB306C4BBACF" author="Topsent, E." box="[678,839,1177,1203]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref19880" refString="Topsent, E. (1908) Spongiaires. Expedition antarctique francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot, Paris, 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1908">Topsent, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036EBC51F824DFF15FB146CBABA87" blockId="20.[151,1436,1177,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<materialsCitation id="3B173CB6C51F824DFF15FB146CBEBA87" collectingDate="2012-03-07" collectingDateMax="2012-03-08" collectingDateMin="2012-03-07" collectionCode="SOI" elevation="104" latitude="-60.704334" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-46.019665" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="2">
Material examined:
<specimenCount id="9D79FD62C51F824DFE74FB146D23BAAB" box="[422,559,1213,1239]" count="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
collected at stations 16 (
<collectionCode id="ED6EAE2EC51F824DFCEFFB146C62BAAB" box="[829,878,1213,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">SOI</collectionCode>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B502CC51F824DFCABFB146B08BAAB" box="[889,1028,1213,1239]" degrees="60" direction="south" minutes="40,992" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" precision="1" value="-60.6832">60°40,992'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B502CC51F824DFBDCFB146BA9BAA4" box="[1038,1189,1213,1240]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="14,560" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" precision="1" value="-46.24267">46°14,560'W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4C879B0EC51F824DFB7CFB146BFBBAAB" box="[1198,1271,1213,1239]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="104.0">
<elevation id="0052D1D8C51F824DFB7CFB146BFBBAAB" box="[1198,1271,1213,1239]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="104.0">104 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFC1102BC51F824DFAD3FB146A6BBAAB" box="[1281,1383,1213,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="2012-03-07">
<collectingDate id="EF85E9C3C51F824DFAD3FB146A6BBAAB" box="[1281,1383,1213,1239]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="2012-03-07">7/3/2012</collectingDate>
</date>
) and 17 (
<collectionCode id="ED6EAE2EC51F824DFF10FB486FFFBA87" box="[194,243,1249,1275]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">SOI</collectionCode>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B502CC51F824DFF2DFB486E87BA87" box="[255,395,1249,1275]" degrees="60" direction="south" minutes="42,260" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" precision="1" value="-60.704334">60°42,260'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4B502CC51F824DFE44FB486D13BA87" box="[406,543,1249,1275]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="01,18" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" precision="9" value="-46.019665">46°01,18'W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4C879B0EC51F824DFDF8FB486D6ABA87" box="[554,614,1249,1275]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="86.0">
<elevation id="0052D1D8C51F824DFDF8FB486D6ABA87" box="[554,614,1249,1275]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="86.0">86 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFC1102BC51F824DFDA3FB486DD4BA87" box="[625,728,1249,1275]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="2012-03-08">
<collectingDate id="EF85E9C3C51F824DFDA3FB486DD4BA87" box="[625,728,1249,1275]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="2012-03-08">8/3/2012</collectingDate>
</date>
; MACN-In 44366)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036EBC51F824DFF15FAAC6CF7BB8B" blockId="20.[151,1436,1177,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
Description: Sponge very soft and compressible, beige in colour in living specimens, and white in the preserved state. Digitate or ramified, with multiple oscula irregularly distributed along the branches (
<figureCitation id="13442A6EC51F824DFB59FA806A04BB3F" box="[1163,1288,1321,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-54@21.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. af. Haliclona spongiosissima. a. general morphology, scale: 3 cm; b. oxea, scale: 55 µm, c. detail of the oscula and the screened surface in a fresh specimen, scale: 1mm, d. detail of the screened surface in a dried specimen, scale: 1mm, ef. choanosomal skeleton, detail of the spicules arrangements, scale: 200 µm; gi. H. (Gellius) rudis, g. general morphology, scale: 2 cm, h. sigma, scale: 35 µm, i. oxea, scale: 160 µm; jp. H. (G.) cf. cucurbitiformis, j. general morphology, scale: 3 cm, k. oxea, scale: 100 µm, l. sigmas, scale: 30 µm, m. macroscopic view of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 1 mm, n. macroscopic view of the surface and the ectosome, scale: 1 mm, o. microscopic view of the spicule arrangement in the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm, p. detail of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10562210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10562210/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Figure 11a</figureCitation>
). The sponge has a hispid surface due to the protruding fibres. The ectosome lacks spicules, it has the appearence of a dermal membrane and the screened surface is evident in the fresh but also in the preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="13442A6EC51F824DFB23FAD86A83BBF7" box="[1265,1423,1393,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-54@21.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. af. Haliclona spongiosissima. a. general morphology, scale: 3 cm; b. oxea, scale: 55 µm, c. detail of the oscula and the screened surface in a fresh specimen, scale: 1mm, d. detail of the screened surface in a dried specimen, scale: 1mm, ef. choanosomal skeleton, detail of the spicules arrangements, scale: 200 µm; gi. H. (Gellius) rudis, g. general morphology, scale: 2 cm, h. sigma, scale: 35 µm, i. oxea, scale: 160 µm; jp. H. (G.) cf. cucurbitiformis, j. general morphology, scale: 3 cm, k. oxea, scale: 100 µm, l. sigmas, scale: 30 µm, m. macroscopic view of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 1 mm, n. macroscopic view of the surface and the ectosome, scale: 1 mm, o. microscopic view of the spicule arrangement in the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm, p. detail of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10562210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10562210/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Figure 11c, d</figureCitation>
). Spicules are oxeas of 240320 µm by 10 µm (
<figureCitation id="13442A6EC51F824DFD5EFA3C6C0BBBD3" box="[652,775,1429,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-54@21.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. af. Haliclona spongiosissima. a. general morphology, scale: 3 cm; b. oxea, scale: 55 µm, c. detail of the oscula and the screened surface in a fresh specimen, scale: 1mm, d. detail of the screened surface in a dried specimen, scale: 1mm, ef. choanosomal skeleton, detail of the spicules arrangements, scale: 200 µm; gi. H. (Gellius) rudis, g. general morphology, scale: 2 cm, h. sigma, scale: 35 µm, i. oxea, scale: 160 µm; jp. H. (G.) cf. cucurbitiformis, j. general morphology, scale: 3 cm, k. oxea, scale: 100 µm, l. sigmas, scale: 30 µm, m. macroscopic view of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 1 mm, n. macroscopic view of the surface and the ectosome, scale: 1 mm, o. microscopic view of the spicule arrangement in the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm, p. detail of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10562210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10562210/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Figure 11b</figureCitation>
), although smaller and thinner oxeas (probably in formation oxeas) were observed in one of the specimens (195240 µm by 5 µm). The skeleton consists in principal fibres of about 3 spicules, joined by secondary fibres or single spicules (
<figureCitation id="13442A6EC51F824DFC88FA746CE2BB8B" box="[858,1006,1501,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-54@21.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. af. Haliclona spongiosissima. a. general morphology, scale: 3 cm; b. oxea, scale: 55 µm, c. detail of the oscula and the screened surface in a fresh specimen, scale: 1mm, d. detail of the screened surface in a dried specimen, scale: 1mm, ef. choanosomal skeleton, detail of the spicules arrangements, scale: 200 µm; gi. H. (Gellius) rudis, g. general morphology, scale: 2 cm, h. sigma, scale: 35 µm, i. oxea, scale: 160 µm; jp. H. (G.) cf. cucurbitiformis, j. general morphology, scale: 3 cm, k. oxea, scale: 100 µm, l. sigmas, scale: 30 µm, m. macroscopic view of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 1 mm, n. macroscopic view of the surface and the ectosome, scale: 1 mm, o. microscopic view of the spicule arrangement in the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm, p. detail of the choanosomal skeleton, scale: 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10562210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10562210/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Figure 11e, f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036EBC51F824DFF15F9A86BA9B81F" blockId="20.[151,1436,1177,1635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
Remarks: This is an uncommon species, only recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B1AC51F824DFCBEF9A86B17B867" author="Topsent, E." box="[876,1051,1537,1563]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref19880" refString="Topsent, E. (1908) Spongiaires. Expedition antarctique francaise (1903 - 1905) commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot, Paris, 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1908">Topsent (1908)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B1AC51F824DFBFBF9A86BC7B867" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[1065,1227,1537,1563]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="443 - 448" refId="ref17810" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. 1 Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. &amp; Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958). Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow- Leningrad, pp. 6 - 133 + 443 - 448." type="book chapter" year="1964">Koltun (1964)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B1AC51F824DFAD5F9A86FEAB83C" author="Desqueyroux, R." pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="47 - 82" refId="ref16346" refString="Desqueyroux, R. (1975) Esponjas (Porifera) de la region antartica chilena. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 16 (1), 47 - 82." type="journal article" year="1975">Desqueyroux (1975)</bibRefCitation>
. This finding represents the first record for the SOI. The photographs here provided also represent the first ones for the species, previously known only from the illustrations in the original description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>