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<mods:title id="D979814142C27CA0D967B10FDB340DD8">Towards identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 2. Checklists and keys to six archaeococcoid families</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D687D0FFA4985E19E8C8A9FDF9E1F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6343289" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193890903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6343289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687D0FFA4985E19E8C8A9FDF9E1F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687D0FFA4985E19E8C8A9FDF9E1F7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<subSubSection id="C365654DFFA4985819E8C8A9FE6DE252" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819E8C8A9FDD9E20A" blockId="2.[151,619,752,778]" box="[151,619,752,778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<heading id="D08881AAFFA4985819E8C8A9FDD9E20A" bold="true" box="[151,619,752,778]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819E8C8A9FDD9E20A" bold="true" box="[151,619,752,778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581988C8A9FDD9E20A" authority="MacGillivray" box="[247,619,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Kuwaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">KUWANIIDAE MacGillivray</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819E8C961FE6DE252" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" box="[151,479,824,850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819E8C961FEE5E252" bold="true" box="[151,343,824,850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Common name:</emphasis>
Kuwaniids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365654DFFA4985819B8C905FD3EE7FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819B8C905FC4AE52A" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819B8C905FED6E276" bold="true" box="[199,356,860,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Background:</emphasis>
Globally, there are four genera containing 14 described kuwaniid species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581DD2C905FF66E29B" author="Garcia Morales, M. &amp; Denno, B. D. &amp; Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refId="ref29245" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 12 January 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118." type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581C1BC904FA2FE276" box="[1380,1437,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Their morphology is relatively uniform, normally with abdominal spiracles, each tibia with a distal tuft of clubbed setae, and the body lacking tubular ducts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581BA2C9FDFC18E2BE" author="Miller, D. &amp; Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G. &amp; Venable, G. &amp; Redford, A. J. &amp; Evans, G. A. &amp; Gill, R. J." box="[733,938,932,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refId="ref31140" refString="Miller, D., Rung, A., Parikh, G., Venable, G., Redford, A. J., Evans, G. A. &amp; Gill, R. J. (2014) Scale Insects, Edition 2. USDA APHIS Identification Technology Program (ITP), Fort Collins, Colorado. Available from: http: // idtools. org / id / scales / factsheet. php? name = 6726 (accessed 15 February 2022)" type="url" year="2014">
Miller
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581A54C9FCFCECE2BE" box="[811,862,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581AC9C9FDFB0CE2BE" author="Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A." box="[950,1214,932,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="659 - 663" refId="ref29329" refString="Gavrilov-Zimin, I. A. (2017) Contribution to the cytogenetics of Kuwaniini scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea, Margarodidae s. l.). Comparative Cytogenetics, 11 (4), 659 - 663. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / CompCytogen. v 11 i 4.20168" type="journal article" year="2017">Gavrilov-Zimin (2017)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the only known African species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA4985818D7C990FD28E2E2" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[424,666,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985818D7C990FD28E2E2" box="[424,666,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Kuwania oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is unusual in lacking abdominal spiracles, having a tuft of capitate setae at the distal end of each tibia, and in possessing tubular ducts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581AF0C9B5FB87E507" author="De Lotto, G." box="[911,1077,1004,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="385 - 389" refId="ref28907" refString="De Lotto, G. (1959) Two new Margarodidae (Homopt.: Coccoidea) from Kenya. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 385 - 389." type="journal article" year="1959">De Lotto 1959</bibRefCitation>
). As it possesses the other characteristics of the family, it has been left in
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B0CCE48FD6AE52A" box="[627,728,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581B0CCE48FD6AE52A" box="[627,728,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Kuwania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending further research.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819B8CE6DFEFEE5DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819B8CE6DFE19E54E" bold="true" box="[199,427,1076,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Appearance in life:</emphasis>
Kuwaniids are found on or under tree bark. Immature cyst stages, often brightly coloured, live in cracks in the trunk or under the bark. Adult females of most species produce a white waxy ovisac that covers the body; males and females of some species appear on the bark in autumn. However, live adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581CFCCE24FEA9E5BA" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581CFCCE24FEA9E5BA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">K. oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live deep in the bark of the host plant and are naked of wax secretions; in life, the body colour is an even, dark pink.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819B8CEB1FB8DE427" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819B8CEB1FEC0E402" bold="true" box="[199,370,1256,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Identification:</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA4985818E6CEB0FD8DE402" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[409,575,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985818E6CEB0FD8DE402" box="[409,575,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">K. oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the immature cyst stages lack legs but have abdominal spiracles, each containing pores in the atrium, mouthparts and 1-segmented antennae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581AF5CF55FB80E427" author="De Lotto, G." box="[906,1074,1292,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="385 - 389" refId="ref28907" refString="De Lotto, G. (1959) Two new Margarodidae (Homopt.: Coccoidea) from Kenya. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 385 - 389." type="journal article" year="1959">De Lotto 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819B8CF69FB9BE7D6" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
The best specimens for identification are young adult females just after the final moult, before the body has become distended with developing eggs. Adult female body elongate, slightly broader posteriorly, 1.46.0 mm long; derm membranous; mouthparts present in
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B11CF20FCA0E492" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[622,786,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581B11CF20FCA0E492" box="[622,786,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">K. oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(but usually absent in other species); anal lobes not developed; legs present. Anal ring simple, small, situated on dorsum. Antennal bases placed close together; each antenna usually with nine segments, basal two segments enlarged, each with base wider than apex; most other segments each with base narrower than apex. In most species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B89CFBCFCE9E4FE" box="[758,859,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581B89CFBCFCE9E4FE" box="[758,859,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Kuwania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, second antennal segment with more than one campaniform sensilla. Legs well developed; coxa normal, trochanter with 46 campaniform sensilla on each surface; distal end of tibia with a cluster of setae (capitate in
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B8CCC74FC28E746" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[755,922,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581B8CCC74FC28E746" box="[755,922,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">K. oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, clubbed in other
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581D13CC74FA9FE747" box="[1132,1325,1580,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581D13CC74FB63E746" box="[1132,1233,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Kuwania</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
); tarsus 1 segmented, curved; claw with one denticle and two acute digitules. Thoracic spiracles each without disc pores in atrium; abdominal spiracles absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B36CC2CFD42E78E" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[585,752,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581B36CC2CFD42E78E" box="[585,752,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">K. oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="13442A43FFA498581A51CC2DFCC2E78E" box="[814,880,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,190,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[151,1436,181,1901]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Kuwania oligostigma De Lotto, adult female, from De Lotto (1959: 217, Fig. 3), reproduced with permission of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. A: ventral apex of tibia with numerous capitate setae. Note the absence of abdominal spiracles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332763/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); other
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581AB2CC2CFB3EE78E" box="[973,1164,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581AB2CC2CFB80E78E" box="[973,1074,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Kuwania</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have 46 pairs, usually each with a few disc pores in atrium. Multilocular disc pores present on both body surfaces, each with one central loculus and 510 outer loculi (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581892CCE5FD26E7D7" author="De Lotto, G." box="[493,660,1724,1751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="385 - 389" refId="ref28907" refString="De Lotto, G. (1959) Two new Margarodidae (Homopt.: Coccoidea) from Kenya. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 385 - 389." type="journal article" year="1959">De Lotto 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581BDFCCE4FCFAE7D6" author="Wu, S. A. &amp; Nan, N. &amp; Gullan, P. &amp; Deng, J." box="[672,840,1724,1751]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="291 - 307" refId="ref32514" refString="Wu, S. A., Nan, N., Gullan, P. &amp; Deng, J. (2013) The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California. Zootaxa, 3630 (2), 291 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3630.2.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
Wu
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581BB1CCE4FCB4E7D6" box="[718,774,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA498581A2BCCE5FBAFE7D6" author="Miller, D. &amp; Rung, A. &amp; Parikh, G. &amp; Venable, G. &amp; Redford, A. J. &amp; Evans, G. A. &amp; Gill, R. J." box="[852,1053,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refId="ref31140" refString="Miller, D., Rung, A., Parikh, G., Venable, G., Redford, A. J., Evans, G. A. &amp; Gill, R. J. (2014) Scale Insects, Edition 2. USDA APHIS Identification Technology Program (ITP), Fort Collins, Colorado. Available from: http: // idtools. org / id / scales / factsheet. php? name = 6726 (accessed 15 February 2022)" type="url" year="2014">
Miller
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581ADECCE4FC6BE7D6" box="[929,985,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819B8CCB9FD3EE7FA" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" box="[199,652,1760,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819B8CCB9FE65E7FA" bold="true" box="[199,471,1760,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Economic importance:</emphasis>
None in Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C365654DFFA4985E19B8CD5DFDF9E1F7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA4985819B8CD5DFCFAE6F7" blockId="2.[151,1437,824,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819B8CD5DFE99E61E" bold="true" box="[199,299,1796,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Biology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA49858184DCD5CFD90E61E" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[306,546,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA49858184DCD5CFD90E61E" box="[306,546,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Kuwania oligostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives embedded deep in the bark of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581AC8CD5DFAAAE61E" box="[951,1304,1796,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581AC8CD5DFBF9E61E" box="[951,1099,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Commiphora</emphasis>
sp. (Burseraceae)
</taxonomicName>
. Most other kuwaniids feed on oaks (
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA4985818CDCD71FDFAE643" box="[434,584,1832,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985818CDCD71FDA2E642" box="[434,528,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Quercus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B2BCD70FD0CE643" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[596,702,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) but single species are found on each of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581DF4CD71FA24E642" box="[1163,1430,1832,1858]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581DF4CD71FAA0E642" box="[1163,1298,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
(Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA4985819E8CD15FE7DE667" box="[151,463,1868,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA4985819E8CD15FEBFE666" box="[151,269,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Antidesma</emphasis>
(Euphorbiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA498581B76CD15FCA8E667" box="[521,794,1868,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Zizyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA498581B76CD15FDDFE666" box="[521,621,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Zizyphus</emphasis>
(Rhamnaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. The biology has not been studied: a generation may require more than one year for completion. Probably there are
<specimenCount id="9D79FD4FFFA498581A33CD29FC7DE68A" box="[844,975,1904,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="female">four female</specimenCount>
instars (the first-instar crawler, two cyst stages, and the adult). Males have not been documented in most kuwaniid species. In most species, crawlers settle in cracks or under the bark, where second-instar cysts develop. In sexual species, adults may be found wandering over the host trunks in late summer or autumn seeking mates.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF00664EFFA5985919E8CDDDFF47E6E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332763/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" startId="3.[151,250,1924,1948]" targetBox="[163,1422,190,1889]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA5985919E8CDDDFF47E6E5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1924,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA5985919E8CDDDFEA0E69D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1924,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA598591867CDDCFDE0E69C" authority="De Lotto" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[280,594,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA598591867CDDCFE43E69D" box="[280,497,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Kuwania oligostigma</emphasis>
De Lotto
</taxonomicName>
, adult female, from
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B37FFA598591A63CDDCFC59E69D" author="De Lotto, G." box="[796,1003,1925,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="385 - 389" refId="ref28907" refString="De Lotto, G. (1959) Two new Margarodidae (Homopt.: Coccoidea) from Kenya. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 22, 385 - 389." type="journal article" year="1959">De Lotto (1959: 217</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 3), reproduced with permission of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. A: ventral apex of tibia with numerous capitate setae. Note the absence of abdominal spiracles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA2985E19E8CACFFBD5E1B2" blockId="4.[151,1127,150,178]" box="[151,1127,150,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA2985E19E8CACFFC31E1B0" bold="true" box="[151,899,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
Checklist and distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA2985E188ACACFFD34E1B0" box="[501,646,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Kuwaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kuwaniidae</taxonomicName>
in continental Africa
</emphasis>
(1 genus, 1 species)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036C6FFA2985E19E8CA84FDF9E1F7" blockId="4.[151,587,220,247]" box="[151,587,220,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D45FFA2985E19E8CA84FE45E1F7" authority="De Lotto" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,503,220,247]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Kuwania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligostigma">
<emphasis id="B90BEAD4FFA2985E19E8CA84FE35E1F6" box="[151,391,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kuwania oligostigma</emphasis>
De Lotto
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3687656FFA2985E1B7DCA84FDF9E1F7" box="[514,587,221,247]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Kenya</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>